层状岩石细观构造表征及劈拉受载各向异性行为研究

层状岩石结构内部矿物之间的定向排列与胶结作用形成不同构造方向的细观结构,使岩石变形破裂及其力学性能存在明显的各向异性。该文以板岩为研究对象,通过构建空间相关函数,建立可表征不同片理方向的岩石细观颗粒离散元模型。基于细观力学参数反演,针对不同片理角度（θ）的巴西劈裂试验开展数值仿真分析,对板岩的各向异性行为进行了研究。结果表明,由于岩石受内部片理构造的影响,在劈拉荷载作用下,呈现三种破坏模式,当θ ≤ 30°时主要发生矿物颗粒之间的拉伸破坏,当θ=45°~75°时为剪切与拉伸共同作用产生的破坏,当θ >75°时为沿着片理面的拉伸破坏;岩样破坏所耗能量及劈拉强度随片理角度的增大而逐渐降低。该文提出的方法能较好地模拟层状岩石的各向异性力学特征及变形破裂规律,与试验结果表现出良好的一致性。     

强冲击荷载下岩石破坏三维数值模拟

采用基于有限差分的拉格朗日、欧拉相结合的方法,对强荷载冲击下岩石材料破坏进行了数值模拟。在欧拉步中引入模糊方法处理界面,考虑了岩石材料、金属材料、空气的多物质场,给出了模拟结果和几个关键点的压力曲线。对强冲击荷载下岩石破坏研究具有重要的意义。     

层压复合材料分层扩展分析的虚拟裂纹闭合技术及其应用

提出一种基于虚拟裂纹闭合技术的界面元模型,用以模拟复合材料的分层破坏和预测结构的承载能力。界面元被嵌入在模型分层扩展路径上,计算结构的能量释放率,结合幂指数破坏准则,模拟复合材料的分层扩展。对由于裂尖单元长度不同所带来的分析误差进行了适当的修正,以降低网格粗细变化所带来的不利影响。为了检验该界面元的可靠性,分别将其应用于对双悬臂梁(DCB) 模型、端边切口(ENF) 模型和混合模式弯曲(MMB) 模型的分层扩展分析中。计算结果与解析解基本吻合,从而验证了采用该界面元模拟复合材料分层破坏的可行性。用该方法对3个含有不同初始损伤复合材料T型接头的界面拉脱分层破坏进行数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据吻合良好。      

FRP片材与混凝土粘结性能的精细有限元分析

FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能是外贴FRP片材加固混凝土结构技术的关键问题。基于FRP与混凝土界面面内剪切试验,采用精细单元有限元模型对其界面粘结性能进行了研究。在该模型中,混凝土和FRP片材都使用非常小的单元加以模拟,通过调整混凝土材料的本构模型来考虑单元尺寸的影响。FRP单元和混凝土单元直接连接,通过混凝土单元的断裂破坏来模拟FRP和混凝土界面的宏观剥离破坏过程。通过与大量面内剪切试验结果对比,验证了该精细有限元模型的正确性,并基于精细有限元分析结果,对界面剥离破坏机理进行了讨论。     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料与活性粉末混凝土界面剪切强度试验研究

该研究使用双面剪切试验对500 d长龄期的超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)、活性粉末混凝土(RPC)和UHTCC/RPC界面的剪切强度进行了测试,并结合数字图像相关技术对其破坏过程进行了观测。结果表明,UHTCC、RPC和UHTCC/RPC界面均表现出良好的剪切延性,在加载过程中均未发生脆性破坏。此外,改进浇筑工艺和提高粘结界面的粗糙度均能够提高UHTCC/RPC界面剪切强度。将现有的界面剪切强度计算经验公式与试验结果对比发现现有的经验公式无法准确预测UHTCC/RPC的界面剪切强度。该研究建立了UHTCC/RPC界面剪切试验的有限元分析模型,并使用COHESIVE单元模拟界面行为,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

FRP加固混凝土梁受弯剥离破坏的有限元分析

FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯剥离破坏是一种非常常见的破坏形式。首先基于微观尺度有限元分析,对受弯剥离破坏的机理进行了研究,提出了一个受弯剥离的双重剥离破坏准则,以及相应的界面粘结滑移关系,使得受弯剥离可以由基于普通弥散裂缝模型的混凝土单元来加以模拟,并开发出了相应的FRP-混凝土界面单元模型。将该界面单元嵌入通用有限元程序MSC.MARC,对45根受弯剥离破坏的试验梁进行了有限元分析。分析结果表明,提出的计算模型与试验结果吻合良好,可以真实模拟受弯剥离破坏过程。     

泡沫夹芯复合材料梁界面裂纹曲折扩展实验与数值模拟

采用双悬臂梁(DCB)试验研究了具有不同密度的PMI泡沫芯体的玻璃纤维增强复合材料夹芯梁界面裂纹曲折破坏路径。基于包含裂纹的物质点算法(MPM), 建立了与试验研究相适应的MPM模型, 在不同的面板/芯体模量比下计算了界面裂纹裂尖模态比和曲折破坏角, 并结合曲折破坏准则模拟了界面裂纹曲折破坏路径。数值模拟结果和试验现象吻合良好, 说明了本文中数值分析模型和方法的有效性。研究结果表明, 面板材料和芯体材料模量失配越严重, 界面裂纹发生曲折破坏时的破坏角越大; 裂纹折入芯体后, 在 Ⅰ 型为主的加载模式的支配下以基本平行于界面的方向扩展。      

横观各向同性岩石类材料的破坏准则

对岩石类材料,各向异性状态参数定义为材料微观结构偏张量与标准化的偏应力张量之间的联合不变量。通过在扩展的Lade-Duncan破坏准则内耦合各向异性状态参数,建立起了横观各向同性岩土类材料的破坏准则,并结合Tournemire页岩的三轴试验资料进行了验证工作。当加荷方向与材料沉积方向的夹角 在30°~60°范围时,预测出的岩石强度处于最小区域,从而达到了较好地对横观各向同性岩石的破坏强度进行合理预测的目的。     

基于小波变换降噪的声发射源定位方法

选取最优小波基对声发射信号进行小波变换降噪处理,采用阈值法确定不同传感器接收声发射信号时间以提高各向异性材料中声发射源定位精度。在钢板和木板上进行断铅模拟声发射源实验,利用Geiger算法分别计算出降噪前后的声发射源定位结果以验证该定位方法的有效性。结果表明该定位方法能有效减小噪声信号的影响,提高各向异性材料中声发射源定位精度。采用该定位方法对氧化铝陶瓷试件压缩破坏过程中的声发射源进行定位,定位结果有效地反映了材料内微裂纹产生和扩展而导致试件破坏的动态过程。     

基于分子动力学模拟结果的界面破坏准则

结合材料的破坏通常都是从界面或其附近发生的,但界面破坏的机理及其评价准则尚未十分清楚。采用分子动力学模拟方法,可以对结合材料的界面起裂过程进行模拟,从而获得结合材料界面应力和界面破坏之间的关系。虽然在分子动力学模拟中采用了高度简化的界面模型,但对界面起裂过程的模拟,仍可以帮助人们获得结合材料界面破坏过程的规律性认识。通过在界面附近引入初始裂纹,导致界面上应力集中,从而引起界面起裂。从分子动力学模拟结果出发,提出了一个结合材料界面起裂,即界面破坏的准则。     

Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Anisotropic Soils

In this paper, a novel discretization method in σ-τ space is developed to calculate the upper bound limit loads and failure modes of anisotropic Mohr-Coulomb materials. To achieve this objective, the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is linearized in σ-τ space, which allows for upper bound solution of soils whose cohesion and friction coefficient varying with direction. The finite element upper limit analysis formulation using the modified anisotropic yield criterion is then developed. Several examples are given to illustrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure for computing rigorous upper bounds for anisotropic soils.     

蜂窝夹层共形承载天线结构的力电性能

本文对玻璃钢蜂窝夹层共形承载天线结构进行常温四点弯曲试验,并对比了含有真实天线的实验件在实验前后的电磁性能。采用三明治夹芯板理论和分离式实体建模方法,利用ABAQUS建立其有限元模型,并基于各向异性材料最大应力准则,使用USDFLD定义蜂窝芯失效准则。实验和模拟结果表明:此方法能准确地模拟结构的刚度和强度。性能检测显示实验件能够承受预定载荷,从而验证了此类结构在弯曲载荷下的可靠性以及模拟方法的准确性。     

Development of a new constitutive model considering the shearing effect for anisotropic progressive damage in fiber-reinforced composites

A corrected Linde's criterion considering the shearing effect for anisotropic progressive damage is developed to describe the elastic-brittle behavior of fiber-reinforced composites. Based on this criterion, a new three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element model for static damage of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites is proposed within a framework of continuum mechanics. The model is validated by taking 3D braided composites as example to study the relationship between the damage of materials and the effective elastic properties. The impregnated unidirectional composites are treated as homogeneous and transversely isotropic materials, whose properties are calculated by the Chamis' equations. The more accurate failure mechanisms of composites are revealed in the simulation process, and the effects of braided parameters on the uniaxial tensile behavior of 3D braided composites are investigated. Comparison of numerical results and experimental data is also carried out, which shows a better agreement than that of former study using the 3D Hashin's criterion.     

On the parameter identification problem for failure criteria in anisotropic bodies

Summary The elliptic paraboloid failure surface criterion (EPFS) is adopted in this paper to describe the failure behaviour of anisotropic bodies. A method is described, based on an inequality-constrained least square problem for the determination of the parameters of the EPFS criterion. After the discussion of the influence of the strength differential effect on the failure behaviour of the material, a neural network learning approach is introduced to the problem of extrapolating the given experimental results beyond the given range of experimental data by establishing an appropriate law of evolution of the failure surface valid for the material up to fracture.     

Distinctive and fuzzy failure probability analysis of an anisotropic rock mass to explosion load

This paper estimates failure probability of an anisotropic rock mass with random initial damage and random critical tensile strain to explosion loads. The initial random damage and critical tensile strain of the rock mass are estimated by approximate statistical methods. They are incorporated into the constitutive law of the anisotropic damage model. The statistical estimation of the rock‐mass response to underground explosion is evaluated by the Rosenblueth's point estimate method. A statistical anisotropic continuum damage model considering both the anisotropic initial damage and cumulative damage dependent on tensile strain is suggested. A beta distribution is proposed to represent the probabilistic distribution of the damage variable of the rock mass under blasting loads. Using the theory of reliability, failure probabilities are calculated according to different levels of failure criteria of the rock mass. A fuzzy definition is also proposed to describe the fuzzy nature of failure phenomenon of the rock mass. Based on the fuzzy random probabilistic theory, a model including both the effects of randomness of the rock‐mass properties and fuzziness of its failure criterion is proposed for the failure analysis of the rock mass. The suggested models are coded and linked with an available computer programe Autodyn3D as its user's subroutines. Using the Autodyn3D together with the suggested model, a series of field blasting tests are simulated. Numerical results of stress wave propagation are compared with field‐recorded data. The failure probabilities of the rock mass around the charge hole are estimated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合材料层合板低速冲击的接触力和能量响应仿真

以连续介质损伤力学（CDM）为基础,提出了一个有效的数值分析模型来模拟碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）层合板低速冲击的接触力响应和能量响应。该模型考虑了不同的失效模式,引入了不可逆的损伤变量和新的刚度折减方式以考虑损伤造成的刚度变化,定义了耗散能的计算方式以考虑损伤造成的能量变化。通过在Abaqus/Explicit平台上编写VUMAT子程序具体实现模型,数值仿真与试验结果吻合较好,验证了该模型的有效性。此外,还综合考虑了Hashin准则与LaRC04准则各自的优缺点,用Hashin和LaRC04相混合得到的准则对低速冲击进行了模拟。结果表明：在冲击外载作用下当CFRP层合板中存在较多基体压缩失效时,采用混合的失效准则模拟得到的接触力响应和能量响应结果更接近试验结果,而使用纯Hashin准则得到的预测结果偏保守。     

A Self-Learning Data-Driven Development of Failure Criteria of Unknown Anisotropic Ductile Materials with Deep Learning Neural Network

This paper first proposes a new self-learning data-driven methodology that can develop the failure criteria of unknown anisotropic ductile materials from the minimal number of experimental tests. Establishing failure criteria of anisotropic ductile materials requires time-consuming tests and manual data evaluation. The proposed method can overcome such practical challenges. The methodology is formalized by combining four ideas: 1) The deep learning neural network (DLNN)-based material constitutive model, 2) Self-learning inverse finite element (SELIFE) simulation, 3) Algorithmic identification of failure points from the self-learned stress-strain curves and 4) Derivation of the failure criteria through symbolic regression of the genetic programming. Stress update and the algorithmic tangent operator were formulated in terms of DLNN parameters for nonlinear finite element analysis. Then, the SELIFE simulation algorithm gradually makes the DLNN model learn highly complex multi-axial stress and strain relationships, being guided by the experimental boundary measurements. Following the failure point identification, a self-learning data-driven failure criteria are eventually developed with the help of a reliable symbolic regression algorithm. The methodology and the self-learning data-driven failure criteria were verified by comparing with a reference failure criteria and simulating with different materials orientations, respectively.     

Failure analysis method of concrete arch dam based on elastic strain energy criterion

The arch dam is a type of massive water-retaining structure made of concrete. The overall failure mechanism and corresponding analysis criterion are key issues of concern in the dam engineering field. In this paper, the energy evolution of arch dams in the failure process is studied first, which can be decomposed as energy dissipation accompanied by concrete damage and elastic strain energy absorption and release during elastic deformation. An evaluation criterion for failure analysis of concrete arch dams is then established based on elastic strain energy. An orthotropic damage constitutive model for dam concrete is then proposed along with its numerical simulation method, which is established for structural failure analysis. Numerical simulations show that the elastic strain energy in elements increases with increasing overload safety coefficient and finally converges to the concrete material surface energy, at which time the locally plastic damage area develops rapidly and finally leads to cracking failure of structures. The proposed failure analysis criterion for concrete dams under integrated loads is suitable for analyzing dam instability failure, which has great operability and value in engineering applications in the future.     

基于热力学定律的混凝土本构模型研究

由热力学定律出发,介绍了耗散函数的形式,给出了建立混凝土本构模型的方法和过程,并对参数的确定进行了讨论,得到了基于热力学原理的混凝土多轴本构关系和真实应力空间中的屈服准则、破坏准则及塑性流动法则。由此方法建立本构模型,引入假定较少,避免了假设"塑性势函数"的做法,得到的结果自动符合热力学原理,具有一定的普遍性。算例表明,该模型计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

基于亚塑性理论建立土体各向异性本构模型的一种新途径

在归纳整理连续介质的材料力学性质的基础上,引出土体本构关系的两种描述框架,即弹塑性理论和亚塑性理论,并对其相互关系进行了分析,指出亚塑性理论适宜用来构建土体的本构模型,并提出了一种基于亚塑性理论的建立土体各向异性本构模型的新途径,该途径通过将一各向异性破坏准则嵌入亚塑性模型来确定各向异性参数,有别于以往通过拟合实验数据来确定各向异性参数的方法。该途径为目前各种分析平台提供了一种考虑主应力轴旋转效应的可能。