舰用907A钢结构高频疲劳裂纹扩展试验研究

采用预制缺口的舰体结构试样,对舰用907A钢在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展规律进行了高频疲劳试验研究,得出在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体结构的裂纹扩展规律,模拟了舰船在航行时波浪交变载荷对舰船结构的破坏作用,试验结果对预报破损舰船在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况具有参考作用。     

拉伸载荷下加筋板裂纹扩展研究

采用预制缺口的加筋板结构试样,对921A钢加筋板结构进行拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验,采用奇异单元法计算相应试件的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,利用Paris准则得出裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子的关系式,得到拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体加筋板结构破口裂纹扩展模型,用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况和剩余疲劳寿命预报,算例验证了本试验计算方法的合理性。     

复杂应力场中裂纹疲劳扩展寿命预报

船舶作为一种大型焊接结构,其疲劳热点部位的应力应变场分布很复杂,要预报这些部位的裂纹疲劳扩展寿命,必须解决复杂场中裂纹的应力强度因子计算及其裂纹扩展方向问题.该文对船舶肘板处两种不同原因产生的裂纹的扩展路径、扩展速率进行了研究.裂纹扩展方向用第一主应力准则确定,在裂纹扩展方向上给定不同的裂纹增量,得到不同长度裂纹的复合裂纹等效应力强度因子,并拟合这些计算结果得出船舶肘板的应力强度因子计算式.结合裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型对肘板裂纹扩展寿命进行了预报,预报结果与实验结果符合得较好,说明所采用的方法可行.对建立船舶典型节点的裂纹扩展寿命预报方法有参考价值.     

基于裂纹扩展理论的船体结构疲劳评估

疲劳破坏是船舶结构的主要破坏形式之一。为了保证船舶结构有足够的疲劳强度,各国船级社、船厂等均建立了船舶结构疲劳强度校核规范作为船舶疲劳评估的指导性文件,尽管这些规范均是建立在S-N曲线方法基础上的,但由于S-N曲线方法存在自身无法克服的缺陷(如忽略材料的初始缺陷等),对同一节点进行计算得到的疲劳寿命大相径庭。该文作者在基于裂纹扩展理论的基础之上,给出了一套详细的船体结构疲劳评估方法,并应用此方法对大型船舶结构典型节点的疲劳寿命进行评估,以期能为完善船舶结构疲劳寿命的评估提供参考。     

基于疲劳裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型的疲劳寿命预测

基于疲劳裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型对铝合金D16CzATWH等在不同加载次序下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了预测.通过与已有文献试验数据和NASGRO条带屈服模型的计算结果进行比较,发现本模型的预测结果和试验数据符合得较好,并能解释NASGRO模型不易解决的过载迟滞效应.同时该模型需要的参数相对较少且易于确定,因此该模型有良好的工程适用性.模型中载荷效应指数与过载频率以及过载幅度相关,它的取值对预测结果有显著影响.     

厚钢板疲劳裂纹扩展前缘应力状态试验与数值仿真

复杂的环境载荷不可避免地会造成海洋结构物的疲劳损伤,而高强度厚钢板典型的三向应力状态会增加结构脆性,更加缩短结构的疲劳寿命。为研究厚板裂纹前缘应力状态沿板厚方向的分布,完成了3组36 mm板厚Q370QE高强度钢的标准疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,得到了材料参数C,m以及应力强度因子门槛值。接着,应用有限元方法分别基于线弹性分析和塑性分析计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子和裂纹尖端局部约束因子,并解释试验中裂纹前缘由倾斜趋于平直的现象。计算所得裂纹尖端应力强度因子可描述板厚中心部分裂纹前缘的应力状态,但在试件表面处结果失真,而裂纹前缘局部约束因子因考虑了厚板的厚度效应,故沿板厚方向分布的裂纹尖端局部约束因子可有效量化裂纹尖端的应力状态分布。     

试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响的试验

为研究试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,设计并实施两组不同厚度的紧凑拉伸试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,同时建立了三维疲劳裂纹扩展有限元模型,分别基于线弹性理论和弹塑性理论对应力强度因子进行了计算,并分析了试样厚度对裂纹扩展速率的影响。试验与计算结果的综合分析表明：相同应力水平下,薄试样裂纹尖端的塑性区明显大于厚试样,且裂纹尖端应力强度因子值大于理论经验计算结果可达23.25%,因此,在材料裂纹扩展速率试验前,特别是试样厚度尺寸较小时,应充分考虑试样的厚度效应,参考基于弹塑性理论计算得到的应力强度因子结果,同时有必要针对当前试样及材料进行专门的裂纹扩展速率试验,以得到准确裂纹扩展参数结果。     

海洋结构物疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的一种工程预报方法

海洋结构物疲劳寿命的准确预报对海洋结构安全具有重要意义。基于裂纹扩展的寿命预报相比于常规的基于累积损伤理论的寿命预报方法,能够考虑载荷次序、初始缺陷等重要因素的影响,各大船级社极力推进裂纹扩展理论在海洋工程中的应用。文章从裂纹扩展法则、应力强度因子求解、疲劳载荷谱模拟上对裂纹扩展理论的工程应用进行研究,试图找出准确、合理且相对简单的方法。结合裂纹扩展的单一曲线模型、基于有限元子模型技术的应力强度因子求法以及基于谱分析的疲劳载荷谱产生方法,对某半潜式钻井平台典型焊接节点进行基于裂纹扩展疲劳寿命预报,并讨论了初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,该半潜平台焊接结构符合设计寿命的要求,初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命影响很大,可为海洋结构物基于裂纹扩展的疲劳寿命预报提供参考。     

裂纹的扩展有限元数值模拟研究

扩展有限元方法中,结构的不连续模拟通过单位分解的方法对位移模式的局部富集来实现,这个技术可以使得裂纹的不连续性独立于结构的单元划分.阐述了富集函数的构造、支配方程的建立、数值积分方案及程序实现等.对于线弹性体裂纹的模拟.通过一个跳跃函数和二维裂纹尖端位移渐进场来考虑裂纹的不连续性和奇异性.通过编制扩展有限元程序,模拟了各向同性介质中的二维裂纹.最后通过算例的模拟结果证明了该方法的精确性和实用性.     

Fatigue crack propagation and computational remaining life assessment of ship structures

The fitness for serviceability of structural members of marine structures in which fatigue cracks might be found during in-service inspection is investigated in order to prevent instantaneous failures of ships, as well as a loss of serviceability such as the oil- and/or watertightness of critical compartments. The essential features of fatigue crack propagation and the remaining life assessment are discussed in the first part of the paper, where the effects of weldment, complicated stress distributions including stress biaxialities at three-dimensional structural joints, structural redundancy, and crack curving are found to be of primary importance. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of an advanced numerical simulation method for the remaining life assessment, in which the above-mentioned effects of fatigue crack propagation are taken into account. The simulated crack paths and the fatigue crack propagation lives are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental results.     

Fatigue life prediction of welded ship details

Ship structures are submitted to variable cyclic loading during navigation. The cyclic motion of waves induces variable and complex loadings in the structure, which could generate fatigue damage. Moreover, most of these metallic structures are welded assemblies. This technique generates local stress concentrations at the weld toe, which becomes a critical area regarding fatigue. In previous works, a methodology to predict fatigue life was developed and tested on butt-welded and cruciform joints. The present work focuses on other welded assemblies in order to extend fatigue crack initiation life evaluation to a wider range of ship details. The strategy could be split into two steps. First, a finite element calculation is performed under constant or variable amplitude loadings, in order to analyze the elastic shakedown of the structure. To characterize the material heterogeneity of the welded joint, experimental tests together with micro-hardness measurements, are performed on a simulated heat-affected zone. If there is a shakedown in the structure, a post-treatment is applied to predict the fatigue crack initiation. It is based on a two-scale damage model, initially developed by Lemaitre et al. and again includes the heterogeneity of fatigue properties. To validate this methodology, some experimental tests have been performed on welded assemblies which are typical of shipbuilding applications, using a fatigue machine. These comparisons between experimental and numerical fatigue lives are encouraging.     

A reliability approach to fatigue crack propagation analysis of ship structures in polar regions

Fatigue is a common failure mode in ship structures. For structures with an initial crack, the fatigue crack propagation behavior needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a procedure for analysis of fatigue crack propagation of ship structures in combination with reliability methods. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and geometry correction factor are calculated by means of finite element analysis. Validation for the SIF calculation is achieved by comparing the computed results with those based on related solutions. Since fatigue damage usually occurs in weld areas, the effect of such components on the fatigue crack propagation behavior was also considered in this work. The Paris law in combination with the Monte Carlo technique are employed for the fatigue crack propagation analysis in this study. Reliability updating based on inspection for cracks is also carried out. A computer program was developed for the purpose of fatigue crack propagation analysis within the framework of reliability methods. An application example of fatigue crack propagation in relation to the hull of the icebreaker Xuelong 2 is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to key analysis parameters (sample size, initial crack size) is also considered. Finally, the effect of low temperatures on the computed results is also analyzed.     

船舶含裂纹焊接结构剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报

船舶服役期间工程技术人员需要对已检测到裂纹的构件进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估,以便做出维修决策.鉴于基于S-N曲线和累计损伤理论的常规疲劳寿命预报方法对于损伤难以明确定义,本文基于裂纹扩展理论对船舶疲劳热点剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报方法进行研究.在考虑应力比和应力强度因子幅门槛值的情况下,研究求解裂纹扩展预报的快速数值计算方法.通过与蒙特卡洛模拟相结合,预报可靠性指标随时间的变化曲线、一定存活率下的剩余疲劳寿命等.以油船上某疲劳热点为研究对象,进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报,为工程应用提供参考.     

船舶含裂纹焊接结构剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报

船舶服役期间工程技术人员需要对已检测到裂纹的构件进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估,以便做出维修决策。鉴于基于S-N曲线和累计损伤理论的常规疲劳寿命预报方法对于损伤难以明确定义,本文基于裂纹扩展理论对船舶疲劳热点剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报方法进行研究。在考虑应力比和应力强度因子幅门槛值的情况下,研究求解裂纹扩展预报的快速数值计算方法。通过与蒙特卡洛模拟相结合,预报可靠性指标随时间的变化曲线、一定存活率下的剩余疲劳寿命等。以油船上某疲劳热点为研究对象,进行剩余疲劳寿命可靠性预报,为工程应用提供参考。     

夹芯结构的疲劳裂纹损伤扩展研究

本文以夹芯复合材料板的疲劳试验为基础,结合裂纹探测技术对疲劳裂纹扩展及累积损伤过程进行了检测,实现了全寿期内裂纹发生、扩展直至最终破坏的整个疲劳累积失效过程的追踪。基于累积损伤追踪过程的数据规律,提出了适用于夹芯复合材料结构疲劳渐变累积损伤过程的材料性能渐降模型,建立了以剩余刚度为表征参量的复合材料结构的疲劳累积损伤状态量D的失效准则,最后推导了夹芯复合材料板在面内弯曲受载路径下,结构疲劳寿命的预测力学模型。     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.     

Dynamic Characteristic of Damaged Ship Structures Considering the Warping Deformations

For some largely damaged ships, the conventional methods are unadaptable to estimate their dynamic characteristics asto ships with symmetrical hull section. Based on dry hull modal analysis of flexure-torsion coupling vibration of unsymmetricalship structures about longitudinal center line, a transfer matrix method to calculate the dynamic characteristics is presented.Taken both shear effect and warping deformations into account, the point and field transfer matrices are derived, and the influ-