伴与不伴学习困难的注意缺陷多动障碍儿童脑α波竞争图特点

目的:探讨伴与不伴学习困难(LD)的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童脑α波竞争图特点及其神经生理机制.方法:以符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准,并按照性别、年龄及ADHD亚型配对的单纯ADHD患者、ADHD共患LD患者及正常儿童各68例为研究对象,应用脑电超慢涨落分析仪,采集并分析处理三组儿童的脑电信号α波特点.结果:(1)单纯ADHD组:8 Hz全脑平均优势几率(25.84%±14.81%)高于正常儿童(16.50%±11.42%,P=0.000),主频是10 Hz,但α波能量分布均分散、低平.(2)ADHD共患LD组:8、13 Hz全脑平均优势几率(分别为25.11%±11.88%,1.14%±1.14%)均高于正常儿童(分别为16.50%±11.42%,0.74%±0.97%,P值分别为0.000, 0.009);10 Hz全脑平均优势几率(27.80%±13.28%)低于正常儿童(36.06%±17.21%,P=0.011);主频是9 Hz,α波能量分布均分散、低平;患者右脑及左侧顶、颞、枕部的熵值高于正常儿童,右侧颞、枕部的熵值高于单纯ADHD组(P均＜0.05).结论:伴与不伴LD的两组ADHD儿童具有不同的神经病理机制:单纯ADHD儿童脑发育迟缓;共患LD儿童脑波发育偏离正常,认知参量10 Hz成分减少,脑有序度差,脑处于低功效状态.     

注意缺陷多动障碍患儿各亚型α波竞争图特点

目的:比较注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD);儿童3种亚型α波竞争图的特点.方法:应用脑电超慢涨落分析技术,分析处理ADHD 3种亚型及正常对照的脑电信号α波进行.结果: (1)ADHD混合型、注意缺陷为主型8 Hz全脑平均优势几率明显高于正常儿童(F = 5.68, P< 0.01); 冲动多动为主型11 Hz全脑平均优势几率明显高于混合型及注意缺陷为主型(F = 5.11, P < 0.01).(2)正常儿童、ADHD注意缺陷为主型主频均为10 Hz,次频为9 Hz;ADHD混合型、冲动多动为主型8、9、10 Hz差异均无显著性(P >0.05),无主次频之分,α波能量分布分散.(3)ADHD3 种亚型各脑区熵值均高于正常对照,在F3、F4、C4、P4、O2、F7、F8导联注意缺陷为主型熵值明显高于正常对照组;在F4、P4、O2导联混合型熵值明显高于对照组,差异均集中于右脑.结论:ADHD儿童混合型、注意缺陷为主型α波慢化,觉醒不足;冲动多动为主型快α波增多,觉醒过度;ADHD儿童3种亚型脑有序度均降低,注意缺陷为主型及混合型右脑功能失调较严重.     

伴与不伴对立违抗性障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍儿童脑α波竞争图比较

目的:探讨伴与不伴对立违抗性障碍(ODD)的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童脑α波竞争图特点及其神经生理机制.方法: 以符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准,并按照性别、年龄及ADHD亚型配对的单纯ADHD、ADHD共患ODD及正常儿童各46例为研究对象,应用脑电超慢涨落分析仪,采集并分析处理三组儿童的脑电信号α波.结果: (1)单纯ADHD儿童8 Hz全脑平均优势几率(28.07%±15.57%)明显高于正常儿童(18.72%±11.42%), 差异有统计学意义(P = 0. 004);ADHD共患ODD组8 Hz全脑平均优势几率(24.78%±13.31%)与单纯ADHD组及正常对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05).(2)ADHD共患ODD组在右额、右中央、双侧枕部的熵值明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论: 单纯ADHD儿童脑发育迟缓,ADHD共患ODD儿童右脑有序度差,提示两组儿童可能具有不同的神经病理机制.     

事件相关电位和Conners家长量表在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的应用比较

目的 为了研究注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的认知功能,评估ADHD儿童的行为问题,探讨事件相关电位(ERP)P3波与Conners家长量表(CPRS)的相关性.方法 选取年龄为8.5～10.5岁的40例ADHD患儿和40例健康对照儿童,进行了听觉ERP P3波的检测,并比较两组家长填写的CPRS结果.用t检验和Bivariate analyze方法分析资料.结果 (1)ADHD组患儿较健康儿童ERP P3波潜伏期延长(P＜0.01),波幅差异不明显;(2)CPRS评分结果显示ADHD组品行问题、学习问题、心身障碍、冲动-多动和多动指数分量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),焦虑问题分量表分与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)ADHD组和健康对照组ERP P3波的潜伏期与CPRS分量表Ⅱ(学习问题)评分呈显著正相关(r=0.395 1,r=0.3795,P＜0.05),波幅与CPRS各分量表评分无肯定相关(r=0.007 3～0.213 9,P>0.05).(4)28例ADHD患儿经哌甲酯治疗6个月后,ERP P3波的潜伏期缩短(P＜0.01),CPRS学习问题,冲动-多动,多动指数得分亦降低(P＜0.01).结论 ADHD患儿存在一定程度认知功能障碍和较多的行为问题,出现学习问题的儿童可能有认知功能损害.事件相关电位检测能为ADHD患儿提供认知功能障碍量化的指标,ERP和CPRS联合使用有助于更客观、全面地评价ADHD.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童与正常儿童的频率竞争涨落图比较

目的：探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｄｅｆｉｃｉｔ ｈｙｐｅｒａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ，ＡＤＨＤ）患儿与正常儿童间频率竞争图的差别。方法：运用频率竞争涨落图技术、视觉注意力变量测试（Ｖｉｓｕａｌ ＴＯＶＡ）和Ｃｏｎｎｅｒｓ父母调查问卷对符合ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ诊断标准的２９名ＡＤＨＤ患儿和２９名正常儿童进行对照研究。结果：正常儿童的α波协同结构是以１０Ｈｚ为优势频率，９Ｈｚ为准优势频率，而ＡＤＨＤ患儿是以９Ｈｚ为优势频率，８、１０Ｈｚ为准优势频率。ＡＤＨＤ患儿的α波协同结构左移，优势频率存在慢化趋势。ＡＤＨＤ患儿１０Ｈｚ成分较正常儿童明显减低（Ｐ〈０．０５）；１０Ｈｚ成分越少，认知速度越慢，注意力维持时间越短，反应稳定性越差（ｒ＝０．３２～０．４０，Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＡＤＨＤ患儿的颞区１２、１３Ｈ     

NJ22儿童注意力测试分析仪在诊断儿童ADHD中的应用

目的 观察NJ22儿童注意力测试分析仪应用在诊断儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍( ADHD)患儿中的灵敏度和特异度. 方法 应用NJ22儿童注意力测试分析仪对来诊儿童进行测试,与Conners父母量表、DSM-IV、ADHD评估表结果对比分析,并进行注意力4个维度的测试. 结果 ADHD儿童与正常儿童相比其注意力的稳定性、广度性、分配性、转移性均有显著差异,诊断的灵敏度为95%,特异度为90%. 结论 NJ22注意力测试分析仪在诊断ADHD方面敏感性、特异性较高,作为一种辅助诊断和筛查儿童是否患有ADHD的相对客观的检查手段,为ADHD患儿的个体化康复训练指明了方向.     

多功能脑电生物反馈系统对ADHD及感觉统合失调的诊断和治疗研究

目的:阐明多功能脑电生物反馈系统对注意力缺陷伴多动症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的干预治疗效果及对感觉统合失调的诊断和治疗意义。方法:选取ADHD患儿和非ADHD儿童各60例分别作为研究组和对照组。记录两组某一时段脑电波,观察θ波/β波比值或者α波/β波比值,用脑电生物反馈系统对ADHD及感觉统合失调儿童进行诊断及治疗,通过对受试者进行反复的声音和视觉刺激,观察认知变量情况,最终得到综合反应控制商数和综合注意力商数,运用IVA-CPT评估系统进行评估以了解治疗效果。结果:研究组α波波幅显著低于对照组,θ波波幅显著高于对照组,β波频率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组脑电相对功率θ/α、θ/β显著高于对照组,β波、SMR波脑电相对功率显著低于对照组,θ波相对功率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组6个IVA-CPT综合尺度商数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。相关性分析:脑电相对功率、α波幅与听觉注意力商数、综合注意商数呈正相关,θ波频率、波幅与听觉注意力商数显著负相关,θ/α比值与综合注意商数、听觉注意力商数显著负相关,θ/β比值与综合反应控制商数、综合注意商数显著负相关(P0.05)。经过治疗后ADHD患儿脑电功率指标θ%、θ/β比值出现显著下降,各商数水平均显著提高(P0.05)。结论:多功能脑电生物反馈系统可作为诊断ADHD及感觉统合失调患儿的检查方法,且该方法可作为ADHD及感觉统合失调引起学习困难的主要治疗手段。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童生存质量的评价

目的 评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的生存质量.方法 采用横断面病例对照研究设计.病例组为73例ADHD儿童(ADHD组),正常对照组(对照组)为与ADHD组性别、年龄匹配的98例正常儿童.使用儿科生存质量测定量表(pediatric quality of life inventoryTM version 4.0,PedsQLTM4.0)中文版普适性核心量表、Conners父母问卷对儿童及其父母评估.结果 调查的171个家庭中169个家庭完成问卷,应答率98.8%.ADHD儿童PedsQLTM4.0中文版儿童评分总分(72.7±13.0)比对照组(83.7±12.0)低(t=-49.3,P=0.000),父母报告评分总分(70.0±12.4)比对照组(82.4±11.2)低(t=-57.7, P=0.000).ADHD儿童心理领域分(儿童评分68.6±14.5,父母报告评分64.9±15.4)比生理领域分(儿童评分81.2±14.0,父母报告评分81.7±15.6)低(t=3.79、6.88,P=0.000).ADHD儿童Conners父母问卷总分(44.54±17.89)高于对照组(16.09±9.23)(t=100.08, P=0.000).ADHD儿童PedsQLTM4.0中文版角色功能儿童自评评分与Conners父母问卷学习问题、多动指数、总分呈负相关(r=-0.650、-0.630、-0.599, P=0.000).结论 ADHD儿童生存质量较正常儿童差,品行、学习、冲动控制等问题与之有关.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童气质特征及心理治疗

目的　探讨注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)儿童的气质特征及心理治疗。方法　采用中国学龄儿童气质量表(CSTS)对 5 0例 8～ 12岁ADHD患儿进行测查。并与中国常模进行比较。对 30例ADHD儿童采用认知行为训练方案 ,3个月为一疗程。治疗前后分别用Conners量表父母症状问卷 (PSQ)和数字划销测验进行评估 ,做治疗前后的比较。结果　ADHD组与常模组的气质类型分布有高度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,患儿中麻烦型及中间近麻烦型的比例明显高。ADHD组的活动水平、节律性、适应性、反应强度、心境、持久性、注意转移、反应阈气质维度的得分与常模组比较有显著性差异。接受治疗的ADHD儿童在治疗后Conners量表各因子分明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,数字划销测验失误率下降 ,治疗前后比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　ADHD儿童的气质有其独特性 ,应根据其气质特征制定相应的干预方案。认知行为训练能有效地治疗ADHD。     

健康儿童与心肌炎患儿心音三维分析

目的 :通过心音三维分析了解小儿心肌炎的心音特征。方法 :对 3 4例健康儿童和 2 6例心肌炎患儿在同一条件下进行心电心音同步采样 ,将获取的心音信息用计算机三维分析软件从频率、时间、强度三维领域分析研究。结果 :心肌炎患儿第二心音 (S2 )波峰前后 60ms面积与第一心音 (S1)面积之比值RTS 高于健康儿童 ,0 .0 5 >P >0 .0 1。S2 第 1谱峰峰值前后 5Hz范围内功率谱曲线所围面积 (A1)与 0～ 2 0 0Hz的功率谱曲线所围面积 (A2 )之比值RF△S低于健康儿童 ,P <0 .0 0 1。以频率响应 2 5～ 2 0 0Hz高频分析收缩期杂音 (SM )和舒张期杂音 (DM) ,显示心肌炎患儿SM和DM的RF△S明显高于健康儿童 ,P≤ 0 .0 0 1。以频率响应 0～ 10Hz低频分析 ,其RF△S值低于健康儿童 ,0 .0 5 >P >0 .0 1。结论 :心肌炎患儿S1强度明显减弱 ,S2 第 1谱峰低频成分减少 ,SM和DM明显且高频成分增多 ,SM低频成分减少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.