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《当代化工》2020,(7)
油田集输管线电化学腐蚀问题严重影响管线系统的使用寿命,为解决这一问题,对油田集输管线电化学腐蚀现象迚行了评价。采用油田集输管线中常应用的316L不锈钢作为实验对象,利用不同质量浓度的氯离子对316L不锈钢腐蚀,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析得到质量浓度为10 g·L~(-1)与50 g·L~(-1)氯离子侵蚀下的316L不锈钢微观形貌,具体分析得知,10g·L~(-1)氯离子对316L不锈钢侵蚀较轻,然而随着氯离子浓度的增加,氯离子对316L不锈钢侵蚀随之增加,在氯离子质量浓度为50 g·L~(-1)时,316L不锈钢腐蚀现象严重。在此基础上,根据油田集输管线电化学腐蚀情冴提出了相应的防护措施。 相似文献
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为了增强不锈钢(SS)双极板的耐腐蚀性能,采用循环伏安法(CV)在316L不锈钢(SS)表面电合成聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜。以0.2 M H_2SO_4+x NaCl水溶液为腐蚀介质,通过测量开路电位(OCP)、Tafel极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),研究Cl-浓度对PANI/316L SS复合体系腐蚀行为的影响。结果显示:随着CV循环次数的增加PANI薄膜逐渐变厚;Cl~-浓度对PANI/316L SS耐腐蚀性能影响显著,随Cl~-浓度的增大,PANI/316L SS体系的耐蚀性降低。 相似文献
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以澳大利亚GORGON-PAR LNG项目中服役在-200~260℃的超低温和高温条件下的316/316L和304/304L双相不锈钢为例,分别介绍了海洋环境下不锈钢的腐蚀机理及腐蚀防护方法,重点介绍了双相不锈钢在LNG项目中的长效腐蚀设计和施工。 相似文献
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采用失重法对316L不锈钢、Ti、Ni 3种材料在不同条件下的耐乳酸腐蚀行为进行了研究,详细考察了反应温度和反应时间对316L腐蚀的影响。结果表明,316L在L-乳酸中腐蚀速率随反应温度的升高而增大,在反应时间36 h,反应温度90℃和120℃下,腐蚀速率分别为0.382 mm/a和0.801 3 mm/a,属尚耐腐蚀;150℃和180℃下腐蚀速率分别为3.85 mm/a和6.01 mm/a,属不耐腐蚀。金相显微镜分析表明,316L不锈钢表面在较低温度的乳酸中以点蚀为主。现场挂片腐蚀实验结果表明,当温度低于120℃,316L可以作为乳酸生产设备的选材。 相似文献
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采用沸腾硝酸法和声发射技术研究了敏化316L奥氏体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀特性。通过失重法对3个周期实验的腐蚀速率进行计算和评定,并利用金相显微镜观察了各周期实验后试样腐蚀形貌;同时利用声发射检测系统实时采集了实验过程中的晶间腐蚀声发射信号,通过对信号进行参数分析和小波分析探究了敏化316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀的声发射信号特征与规律。实验结果表明,敏化316L不锈钢的晶间腐蚀分为腐蚀萌生阶段、平稳腐蚀阶段和快速腐蚀阶段;对信号进行参数分析发现各腐蚀阶段的计数率先缓慢增大继而保持平稳不变,最后又迅速增大;信号幅值出现明显的分层现象:腐蚀萌生阶段为2527dB,平稳腐蚀阶段为2727dB,平稳腐蚀阶段为2730dB,快速腐蚀阶段为3130dB,快速腐蚀阶段为3134 dB;最后对信号进行小波分析发现声发射信号主要由频率为200、280kHz的信号组成。 相似文献
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对比了电偶对材料的自腐蚀电位和各自的极化曲线,以及同一阴阳极面积比下,偶接后的混合电位和电流密度,研究了09MnNiDR和不锈钢(316L、304冷轧板、304热轧板、201)电偶对在3.5%的Na Cl溶液中的电偶腐蚀特性。结果表明,09MnNiDR处于活化状态,4种不锈钢则比较稳定;不锈钢的自腐蚀电位高于09MnNiDR,偶接后不锈钢作为阴极被保护,而09MnNiDR作为阳极腐蚀加剧。电偶腐蚀效应的大小为:09MnNiDR/316L09MnNiDR/20109MnNiDR/304热轧板09MnNiDR/304冷轧板。 相似文献
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以苯胺单体和纳米TiO2胶体溶液为电解液,采用电化学聚合法在316L不锈钢表面合成了聚苯胺(PANI)膜和PANI-TiO2复合膜,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等检测手段对PANI-TiO2复合膜的316L不锈钢表面进行了表征,用循环伏安法和动电位极化曲线研究不同pH值下苯胺聚合的效果及不同TiO2含量对316L不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在pH为2.5的条件下,聚苯胺的聚合效果最好;相比于单一聚苯胺膜,PANI-TiO2复合膜对316L不锈钢具有更好的保护性能。当TiO2添加量为1.5 g时,制备的复合膜对提高316L不锈钢的耐蚀性效果最佳,其腐蚀电位为-0.55 V。 相似文献
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The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion. 相似文献
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Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
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组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题,对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析,为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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