厦门西港沉积物中多环芳烃的垂直分布特征与污染追踪

采用气相色谱对厦门西港1号站和5号站柱状沉积物样中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分离鉴定,结果显示,16种多环芳烃含量的垂直分布范围为158～337ng/g,半定量后的ΣPAHs分布为1.1～6.0μg/g。5号站（位于港湾内）较1号站（位于港口外围区）受PAHs沾污严重,但相比于世界上靠城市的近岸港口,污染则较轻微。厦门西港PAHs主要来源于油类污染及城市工业、生活污水的排放     

厦门西港表层沉积物中有机氯化合物的污染特征及变化趋势

利用GC－ECD对厦门西港1998年7月取得的8个站位表层沉积物中的18种有机氯农药（HCHs,DDTs)等和12种多氯联苯（PCBs)进行分析。其中有机氯农药的浓度范围ND（未检测出）－0．58ng/g(其中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为ND－0．14ng/gND－0．06ng/g),多氯联苯的浓度为ND－0．32ng/g,与1986、1993年的厦门西港的分析结果相比较,污染程度明显降低;说明近年来的厦门的有机污染得到逐步控制,也与有机物随时间推移逐渐详解有关,分析表明多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布特征。     

厦门西港表层海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量、组成及来源

通过 3个航次对厦门西港表层海水中 16种优先监控的PAHs的污染状况进行不同季节的连续调查 .结果表明 :表层海水中PAHs的含量与组成具有明显的时间差异 .在 4月和 10月的PAHs含量较 7月高 ;PAHs的组成在 4月以 2环的萘为优势组分 ,在 7月以 3环的苊烯为优势组分 ,10月以 4环的为优势组分 .分析 3个航次的调查结果发现 :厦门西港表层海水中的PAHs主要来源于石油类物质的输入 .厦门西港表层海水中各种PAHs的含量与国际生物学组织或国家制定的评价水生生物暴露于水体的安全食用标准相比虽未超标 ,但个别组分如蒽、苯并 [a]芘的含量已达到生态毒理评价标准 .     

珠江三角洲河流和珠江口表层沉积物中有机污染物研究——多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分布及特征

参照美国ＥＰＡ８０００系列方法及质量保证和质量控制，对江三角洲河流和珠江口的表层沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药进行了分析。结果表明，珠江广州河段及澳门内港的ＰＡＨｓ和有机氯农药含量最高；进入狮子洋水道后，污染物的含量显著减少；珠江口西岩污染物的含量高于东岸；西江表层沉积物中优控制ＰＡＨｓ的含量相对较高。对多环芳烃的来源也作了初步探讨。     

青岛近海沉积物中多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的含量和分布特征

利用气相色谱/质谱方法对青岛近海表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了测定,并分析了PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的分布特征.结果表明,PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的均值分别为684.80、6.87和13.52ng·g-1,含量变化均呈近岸高、远岸低的分布规律.燃料的高温燃烧排放对本研究海域沉积物中PAHs有较大贡献;PCBs主要来源于工业及生活排放,但已受到控制;沉积物中HCHs存在工业和农业双重污染源输入,DDT主要是由于历史上使用农药造成,且在表层沉积物中受到好氧微生物降解.与国内外同类研究结果相比,调查海域沉积物中PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平.     

沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药赋存状态

对珠江广州河段高污染沉积物进行粒度分级,对不同粒径的样品重液分离,收集轻组分(有机质)和重组分(主要为无机矿物及无定型有机质).用显微镜对沉积物中不同粒径轻重组分的吸附剂进行鉴定,测定其中的多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs).结果表明,沉积物样品中有机质占总重量9.1%,富集了81.5%的多环芳烃,77.2%的有机氯农药;无机矿物和无定型有机质占90.9%,富集了18.5%的多环芳烃,22.8%的有机氯农药;轻组分中的有机吸附剂对PAHs和OCPs的富集能力比重组分无机矿物和无定型有机质高1～2个数量级.     

大连湾和锦州湾表层沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征

本文研究了大连湾、锦州湾表层沉积物中ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ和ＰＣＢ的分布特征，结果表明，大连湾沿岸入海排污口附近ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ和ＰＣＢ含量较高，其来源主要是沿岸工农业污水。锦州湾五里河口附近ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ含量较高，主要是锦州地区农业和卫生事业用药随河流流入所致。３种污染物在两湾的分布特征是：总ＢＨＣ和总ＤＤＴ锦州湾高于大加湾；ＰＣＢ大连湾高于锦州湾。其含量均落在世界海洋近岸表层沉积物含量范围内。属中度污染     

东海表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析

本研究对东海沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)组成及含量进行了分析,发现多环芳烃总浓度为8.2~180.2 ng/g,和国内外其它区域相比,整体处于一个低至中等程度的污染水平。东海沉积物中PAHs的分布整体表现为中间低、两端高的格局。内陆架是长江入海物质的主要沉积区,也是PAHs的主要汇集区;陆架北部区域的物质来源复杂,但总体受长江入海泥沙的控制,自西向东PAHs含量梯度递减;研究区域的东北部,较高的PAHs可能源于济州岛的输入;冲绳海槽也含有较高PAHs;而残留沉积区中PAHs含量极低。通过多环芳烃组成特征判断,东海表层沉积物中PAHs主要来自煤、木材、油类的燃烧,还有部分来自油类的泄漏。同时不同区域Ba P/Be P、Ba A/Chry比值的差别表明内陆架及冲绳海槽的PAHs主要来自河流输送,残留沉积区的PAHs可能主要来自大气沉降。     

胶州湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及来源

利用气相色谱-质谱方法对胶州湾沉积物中23种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析测定。结果表明，PAHs的总含量范围为82～4567ng／g。PAHs总量在表层沉积物中总趋势是东部高于西部，以东岸附近处最大，远离东岸浓度降低，在胶州湾人海口处最低。造成这种格局的原因有：(1)绝大部分污染源集中在胶州湾东岸；(2)胶州湾的环流系统使东部的污染物很难向西部扩散；(3)沉积物粒度及有机质含量对PAHs含量分布有一定的影响。P／A、PL／PY比值、PAHs环数以及烷基化PAHs表明胶州湾表层沉积物中PAHs几乎全部由人类活动产生，来源为煤炭、木材燃烧、石油类高温裂解及油类污染。与国内外同类研究结果相比，判定为中等污染水平。     

南黄海中部表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量分布及来源分析

采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,在一个航次内对南黄海表层沉积物中16种优先监控的PAHs的污染状况进行了调查,采用菲/蒽、荧蒽/芘、荧蒽/(荧蒽+芘)、吲哚芘/(吲哚芘+苯并(g,h,i)菲)等特定比值对PAHs来源进行了分析.结果表明,南黄海表层沉积物中检出PAHs的总含量为90.4～732.65ng·g-1,各站点均以4～6环为主;与其它站位相比,倾废区的HOI站位受到PAHs污染较为明显,无论是16种PAHs总量还是高分子量组分最高值都出现在该站点,虽然该海区沉积物中PAHs的含量没有超出生物影响低值,但苯并(b)荧蒽、吲哚芘和苯并(g,h,i)芘等一些没有最低安全标准的PAHs也有不同程度的检出,对海洋生物具有潜在的毒副作用.PAHs可能来源于原油、生物和煤燃烧造成的污染.     

厦门港和员当湖表层沉积物中的石油烃和多环芳香烃

2002年4月厦门港沿岸设9个站，员当湖设两个站采集表层沉积物，用有机溶剂萃取，硅胶柱色层分离，气相色谱—质谱联机带SIM数据采集系统对样品的石油烃类(M／Z=55)，多环芳香烃类进行分析，结果显示员当湖石油烃和多环芳香烃质量分数分别高达1397和1376．5ng／g。厦门港船只活动，厦门港四周工业废水、车辆燃油滴漏是石油烃和多环芳香烃污染的主要来源。     

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some agricultural, industrial and urban areas along Xiamen coastal waters, China

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, to show firstly the level of pollution in the agricultural areas and analyses specifically the status of soil polluted by these persistent pollutants in some locations of Xiamen region. Soil samples collected from Jiulong agricultural catchment have been analysed for 16 PAH compounds, using gas chromatography flame ionization detection in order to determine the level of selected PAH components and to identify the factors that may control their distribution and persistence in the area. The main PAHs found in soil samples were the low molecular weight. The total PAHs detected in soil samples ranged from 0.50 to 0.95 μg/g soil. The highest values of PAHs were significantly detected in the orange tree leaves, which range from 236.1 to 249.3 μg/g soil showing recent atmospheric inputs of these volatile pollutants. The distribution of PAHs in vegetable were monitored and indicating that the concentration were high and ranged from 8.24 to 58.87 μg/g. Other sediment samples were also collected and analysed from urban sewage （5.26 μg/g dw）, aquacultural （0.52 μg/g dw） and industrial areas （from 0.62 to 2.09 μg/g dw）, during this investigation. The contamination of Jiulong river estuary and Xiamen Western Sea by PAHs has been then widely justified by wastcwatcr discharges and soil runoffs from these areas. The results, therefore, provide important information on the current contamination status caused by the atmospheric transport and point to the need for urgent actions to stop the release of these hydrocarbons to the environment. The necessity of implementing systematic monitoring of PAHs is also emphasized.     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Yellow River Estuary and Yangtze River Estuary, China

Surface sediment samples collected from twenty-one sites of Yellow River Estuary and Yangtze River Estuary were determined for sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by isotope dilution GC-MS method. The total PAH contents varied from 10.8 to 252 ng/g in Yellow River Estuary sediment, and from 84.6 to 620 ng/g in Yangtze River Estuary sediment. The mean total PAH content of Yangtze River Estuary was approximately twofold higher than that of Yellow River Estuary. The main reasons for the di erence may be the rapid industrial development and high population along Yangtze River and high silt content of Yellow River Estuary. The evaluation of PAH sources suggested that PAHs in two estuaries sediments estuaries were derived primarily from combustion sources, but minor amounts of PAHs were derived from petroleum source in Yellow River Estuary. PAHs may be primary introduced to Yellow River Estuary via dry/wet deposition, wastewater e uents, and accidental oil spills, and Yangtze River Estuary is more prone to be a ected by wastewater discharge.     

厦门港表层水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的研究

利用ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ对厦门西港１９９８年７月取得上位表层水体中的１８种有机氯农药（ＨＣＨｓ，ＤＤＴｓ等）和１２种多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）进行分析。其中有机氯农药的浓度范围６．６０～３２．６ｎｇ／Ｌ（其中ＨＣＨｓ：３．５１～２７．８ｎｇ／Ｌ），ｎｇ／Ｌ，ＤＤＴｓ，０．９５～２．２５ｎｇ／Ｌ均值１．４５ｎｇ／Ｌ），多氯联苯的浓度为０．０８～１．６９ｎｇ／Ｌ，同国内外其他港口海区相比较，其污染和蔼相对较低。同时     

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物生化组成及其环境因子效应

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物碳水化合物与光强、盐度和叶绿素ａ均显著正相关，蛋白质与光强有负相关关系，脂类受光强的影响较小，蛋白质与碳水化合物之比与氮磷比显正相关。１０月该海域浮游植物叶绿素ａ与生化组分含量都比４月高，与１０月海水温度和海面辐照度较高有关     

Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roots of three mangrove species in Jiulong River Estuary

IntroductionMangrovesareintertidalwetlands ,commonintropicalandsubtropicalcoastalregions,especiallyinbaysandriverestuaries.Theyareamongthemostbiologicallyimportantnatureresoursesonearth ,promotingthediversitiesofterrestrialandaquaticorganisms.Astheprimary…     

厦门西海域综合整治后表层沉积物污染状况

根据2003年11月的厦门西海域表层沉积物污染状况的现场调查资料,对2002年综合整治后厦门西海域重金属含量及异养细菌、粪大肠肝菌等的分布特点进行了研究。结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、As含量的平均值分别为:67.4、283.8、9.8×10-6(干重),各站位沉积物中的Cu、Zn离子含量都超标。员当湖排污口附近的污染最为严重,粪大肠杆菌、弧菌、多环芳烃降解菌和油脂降解菌数都为最高值,在沉积物样品中分别可达到490/g、3.3×103/g、1.5×105/g、5×104/g。     

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gas/particle partitioning in a coastal city, Xiamen, Southeast China

An intensive sampling program had been undertaken in autumn (October, 2008) and winter (December, 2008 and January, 2009) at urban (Xiamen University and Xianyue residential area), suburban (Institute of Urban Environment), industrial area (Lulian Hotel) and background (Tingxi Reservoir) in Xiamen, Fujian Province, to characterize the atmospheric concentration and gas-particle phase partitioning of PAHs. The average concentration of total PAHs in winter was almost 1.7 times higher than those in autumn. The log scale plot of Kp versus sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure (P0 L) for all the data of autumn and winter season samples gave significantly di erent slopes. The slope for the winter samples (–0.72) was steeper than that for the autumn samples (–0.58). The partitioning results indicated that slope values varied depending on characteristics of specific site, source region and meteorological conditions which play important roles in the partitioning of PAHs. In addition, local emission sources had a stronger e ect on partitioning results than long-transported polluted plume. The sources of PAHs in five sampling sites in Xiamen also have been discussed initially. Diagnostic ratios showed that the primary source of PAHs in urban, suburban and industrial area was from vehicle exhausts. While emission from petrochemical factory and power plant was another main contributor to industrial area.