纺织用竹浆纤维在酸碱试剂下的抗菌性能研究

为探究酸碱试剂对竹浆纤维抗菌性的影响,分别选择不同质量浓度的氢氧化钠和硫酸试剂,分析其在不同处理时间与温度下对竹浆纤维抗菌性能的影响。结果显示,温度、处理时间以及试剂质量浓度不同时,竹浆纤维的抗菌性能均存在一定差异;在硫酸或氢氧化钠处理后,竹浆纤维的抑菌率大多在70%以上,且试剂处理时间对竹浆纤维抗菌能力的影响最为显著。     

光催化抗菌纤维的制备

将制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米无机粒子工艺与纤维化学改性工艺相结合,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,由纳米粒子表面的羟基与纤维的活性羧基发生酯化反应而接枝在纤维表面,制备出光催化抗菌纤维。本文研究了钛酸四丁酯酯溶液浓度、pH值、温度和时间对接枝率的影响,结果表明,接枝率越高,抗菌性越强,反应物浓度为0.1 mol/L、pH值为4、温度为75℃、时间为2 h时,接枝率达到16.40%。     

抗菌纤维的研制

在纺丝挤出前向高聚物中添加一种有机、无毒、高效的抗菌剂,制得抗菌率≥90％的抗菌纤维。此种抗菌剂不溶于水,与高聚物具有良好的相容性,因此制得的纤维抗菌效果持久。讨论了抗菌剂加入量、纺丝工艺等,还对抗菌长丝、抗菌PP/PE复合纤维和抗菌非织造布的生产情况作了简单介绍。     

抗菌蔗渣浆纤维的制备及其性能研究

以漂白蔗渣浆为原料、3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵为抗菌剂,在碱性条件下发生醚化反应,制备具有广谱抗菌性能的抗菌蔗渣浆纤维。研究了接枝率、接触时间、菌液浓度、洗涤次数对抗菌蔗渣浆纤维抑菌率的影响,试验表明:当接枝率为3%时,抗菌蔗渣浆纤维对大肠埃希菌、金黄葡萄球菌、白念珠菌的抑菌率均为100%;且经过20次洗涤后,抗菌蔗渣浆纤维的抑菌率仍在90%以上,耐洗涤性能好。抗菌蔗渣浆纤维可用于制备具有抗菌性能的食品包装纸,进而实现蔗渣浆纤维的高值化利用。     

季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性及抗菌机理

采用离子交换法将不同季钱盐插层到钠基蒙脱土中制备了改性蒙脱土.改性蒙脱土对革兰氏阳性菌(S.aereus)和革兰氏阴性菌(E coli)均有很强的抗菌作用,并且随着季铵盐在蒙脱土中的质量分数增加其抗菌活性增强.不同季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性不同,其中双季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性最好,对S.aereus和E coli的最小抑菌浓度分别为6.25 mg/L和12.5 mg/L.用扫描电镜对与细菌接触不同时间后的改性蒙脱土进行观察,结果表明:细菌先吸附到改性蒙脱土的表面,然后慢慢的变形死亡.同时,对在0.9%的生理盐水中浸泡不同时间后的改性蒙脱土进行X射线衍射和热重分析.结果表明:随着浸泡时间的增加,蒙脱土中的有机物质量分数及层间距均逐渐减少,说明季铵盐能从蒙脱土的层间解吸出来,并进入溶液中直接杀死细菌.因而,改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性是吸附与释放到溶液中的季铵盐离子协同作用的结果.     

接枝型抗菌合成纤维的制备、结构与性能

合成了多种接枝型抗菌合成纤维,并测定了它们的抗菌消臭性能。结果表明：聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维经接枝改性功能化后,其对不同菌类具备优异的杀菌活性,并且具有抗菌广谱,作用时间持久和效率高等特点,拓宽了其应用的领域。     

负离子抗菌复合陶瓷研究

通过将电气石直接加入陶瓷坯体中,将载银抗菌剂和TiO2通过浸渍复合在坯体表面及坯体通孔表面,制成了负离子抗菌复合陶瓷产品,并分析了该陶瓷的配方、烧结温度和浸泡时间对负离子释放量和抗菌性能的影响,以及利用X射线衍射对该种陶瓷的微观结构进行了研究.     

抗菌纤维的发展及抗菌纺织品的应用

抗菌纤维对于防止病菌对人体健康的侵害起着极其重要的作用,抗菌纺织品已逐渐进入人们的生活并为人们所重视。文章综述了抗菌纤维的研究进展,论述了抗菌纤维的分类、加工方法、抗菌剂种类及抗菌机理,介绍了抗菌纺织品的应用。     

银系抗菌纤维的研究现状

银系抗菌纤维因其广谱、高效的抗菌性能,被广泛应用于家纺、服饰以及医疗卫生等领域。阐述了银的抗菌机制、银系抗菌纤维的制备方法、抗菌性能的测试方法以及银离子的释放性能,指出了目前银系抗菌纤维存在的一些问题。     

抗菌尼龙6纤维的制备及其性能的研究

用硅烷偶联剂处理过的载银纳米氧化锌抗菌剂与尼龙6切片共混制得抗菌尼龙6母料,通过熔融共混纺比投菌剂含量不同的抗菌尼龙6纤维,采用视频接触角测量仪,扫描电子显微镜、通用材料试验机、差示扫描量热仪等对抗菌剂表面改性效果及抗菌尼龙6纤维的结构形态,力学性能及结晶性能等进行了研究。结果表明：修饰后的抗菌剂表面呈疏水性,改善了与尼龙6基体的相容性,在尼龙6基体土均匀分散,与纯尼龙6纤维相比,抗菌尼龙6纤维的结晶温度和结晶速率有所提高,结晶度略有降低,抗菌尼龙6纤维的力学性能稍有下降,对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均达97％以上.     

THE THEORY OF PICKLING OF SHEET IRON AND STEEL FOR ENAMELING PURPOSES1

The fundamental principal of efficient pickling is that efficient pickling does not depend on the solution of a large amount of metal but on the solution of a very thin layer of metal directly beneath the scale, rapidly and with copious evolution of hydrogen. The activity of an acid solution depends on the amount of acid present, the fraction of the acid that is ionized, and on the speed with which the ions move. Since the electrical conductivity of an acid solution is a measure of both the hydrogen-ion concentration and the speed at which the ions move, the electrical conductivities of a series of acid solutions indicate the relative activities of the various solutions. The most effective concentrations of acid lie between 15 and 20%. Heating acid solutions reduces their viscosity and renders the particles more mobile, thus increasing the activity of the solutions. Sulphuric acid is cheaper in first coat than hydrochloric acid, but the latter acts more rapidly and the pickling is completed with less solution of iron. Additions of small amounts of common salt (sodium chloride) have a marked effect on increasing the rate of pickling of sulphuric acid baths. This is due to the formation of a corresponding amount of hydrochloric acid. The chief action of addition agents is to reduce the amount of acid vapor in the fumes from pickling vats and thus permit the use of highly efficient concentrations of acid (between 15 and 20%). Hydrogen absorbed by metals during pickling may be largely removed by immersing the metal in boiling hot water for a few minutes.     

Preparation and characterization of castor oil‐based polyurethane/poly(o‐methoxyaniline) blend film

Blends made up of castor oil‐based polyurethane (PU) and poly(o‐methoxyaniline) (POMA) were obtained in the form of films by casting and characterized by FTIR, UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. Doping was carried out by immersing the films in 1.0M HCl aqueous solution. Chemical bonds between NCO group of PU and NH group of POMA were observed by means of FTIR spectra. The UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra indicated that the presence of the PU in the blend does not affect doping and formation of the POMA phase. The electrical conductivity research was in the range of 10^?3 S/cm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

载银沸石抗菌剂的研究

探讨了液相法制备载银沸石抗菌剂过程中影响沸石离子交换程度的因素 ,以及沸石的组成、结构和离子交换工艺对沸石的离子交换量的影响。通过测定广西沸石与广东沸石在实验条件下的载银量以及载银沸石抗菌的MIC(最低抑菌浓度 )值 ,提出了提高抗菌剂载银量和MIC值的方法     

复合金属板用高强度耐腐蚀聚酯型热熔胶的研制

按照m[氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(VC-VAc)]∶m[二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)]∶m[邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)]∶m(硬脂酸钙)=50∶3∶4∶1比例配制复合氯醋树脂,然后以此作为聚酯热熔胶的改性剂。结果表明:当w(复合氯醋树脂)=30%(相对于热熔胶而言)时,改性热熔胶的粘接强度为7.6 MPa,Tg提高到91.2℃;改性热熔胶在10%醋酸或40%NaOH溶液中浸泡48 h后未发生剥离现象,其最大粘接强度分别为6.68 MPa和6.39 MPa;经5%NaCl喷雾24 h或10%Na2CO3溶液浸泡48 h后,其性能最接近未浸泡试样;该高性能热熔胶适用于双金属板的热复合。     

Electrically conductive textiles by in situ polymerization of aniline

Two methods of obtaining electrically conductive fabrics by in situ polymerization of aniline were compared. Conductive fabrics were prepared by immersing the nylon 6 fabrics in 100% aniline or an aqueous hydrochloride solution of aniline followed by initiating successive polymerization in a separate bath (DPSB) or in a mixed bath (DPMB) of oxidant and dopant solution with aniline. In each case, the polymerization conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum quality of polyaniline (PAn) on the fabrics. The higher conductivity of composite fabrics, whose value reached up to 0.6 × 10⁻¹ s/cm, was obtained by the DPMB process. Moreover, this method induced the least decrease in the degree of crystallinity as compared to the DPSB process. The serviceability of the PAn–nylon 6 composite fabrics was also evaluated. No significant changes in the conductivity were observed after abrading the composite fabrics over 50 cycles and multiple acid and alkali treatment. The stability of conductivity was slightly decreased by less than 1 order after exposure to light for 100 h, but it was significantly decreased after washing with detergent. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2094–2101, 1999     

Mechanical and thermophysical properties of carbon/carbon composites with hafnium carbide

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with addition of hafnium carbide (HfC) were prepared by immersing the carbon felt in a hafnium oxychloride aqueous solution, followed by densification and graphitization. Mechanical properties, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. Results show that mechanical properties of the composites decrease dramatically when the HfC content is greater than 6.5 wt%. CTE of the composites increases with the increase of HfC contents. The composites with addition of 6.5 wt% HfC show the highest thermal conductivity. The high thermal conductivity results from the thermal motion of CO in the gaps and pores, which can improve phonon–defect interaction of the C/C composites. Thermal conductivities of the composites decrease when the HfC content is greater than 6.5 wt%, which is due to formation of a large number of cracks in the composites. Cracks increase the phonon scattering and hence restrain heat transport, which results in the decrease of thermal conductivity of the composites.     

新型抗菌剂改性丙纶可纺性研究

采用国产自制无机抗菌剂 CBD共混改性法制备抗菌丙纶纤维 ,通过 DSC、毛细管流变实验测定 ,表明抗菌剂对丙纶熔点和流变性的影响甚小。接着制成较理想的纤维制品 ,对其进行理化性质测定 ,物理性能符合民用纤维要求。     

Electroconducting composites based on polyaniline and monomer‐swollen polychloroprene

Electroconductive polychloroprene (CR)–polyaniline (Pani) composites were prepared by swelling the vulcanized rubber material in aniline followed by immersing the specimen in an aqueous solution of HCl containing ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The results obtained from surface and volume conductivity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggest that the Pani component is preferentially located in the surface layer. These composites display better electrical and mechanical performance than those obtained by mixing both polymer components in the bulk state. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 2329–2334, 1999     

利用饱碱电导表征掺矿物混合材混凝土的渗透性

混凝土掺矿物混合材后孔溶液电导变化较大,将试件抽真空后以1mol／L的KOH溶液饱和毛细孔隙（饱碱）,可减小孔溶液对混凝土电导的影响,使电参数真实反映孔结构和渗透性的变化。检测了掺加矿物质混合材后混凝土试件的饱碱电导和6h通电量。利用压汞法分析了相应净浆试件孔结构特征,并检测了氯池（6％NaCl溶液）浸泡300d后氯离子在净浆试件中的渗透情况。结果表明：基准试件的饱碱电导最大,掺10％硅灰的混凝土饱碱电导最小。