基于固有频率分析的中间热交换器管束支撑设计

在进行示范快堆电站的中间热交换器(IHX)设计时,需考虑流致振动对管束的影响。在计算IHX换热管的固有频率时,空间弯管结构形式是一个技术难点。通过有限元方法,对中国实验快堆(CEFR)的IHX换热管固有频率进行了计算。通过对比分析,得到了合理的计算模型及其适用范围。通过敏感性分析,提出管束支撑方案的设计原则。     

多孔介质方法在池式快堆系统分析软件SAC-CFR三维钠池计算模型中的应用

为准确分析池式快堆热钠池内的热工水力学特性,在已开发出的用于池式快堆系统分析的钠池三维计算模型的基础上,应用多孔介质方法建立钠池内中间热交换器、主泵、事故热交换器及屏蔽柱模型,完成了含有多孔介质模型和复杂几何边界的钠池三维计算模型开发。将该模型嵌入池式快堆系统分析软件SAC-CFR后,分析了中国实验快堆在稳态运行和紧急停堆工况下钠池内的流场分布,初步证明了所采用的多孔介质模型的合理性,为下一步非能动余热排出系统模型的开发做准备。     

钠冷快堆无保护失流事故和安全特性研究

建立了钠冷快堆的部件模型;将高次端点浮动法应用于求解钠冷快堆点堆中子动力学方程;将全隐二阶迎风差分格式应用于求解堆芯和中间热交换器的热工模型;对EBR-Ⅱ快堆无停堆保护失流事故（LOFWS）进行了分析计算,并将计算结果和NATDEMO程序的计算结果进行了比较,两者符合良好。最后以EBR-Ⅱ为例分析了主泵情转时间对快堆在失流工况下的固有安全特性的影响。     

基于CFD的池式快堆多物理耦合分析方法研究

基于临界/次临界点堆中子动力学模型、燃料棒传热模型、热交换器和多孔介质等辅助热工水力模型,采用显式迭代和动态链接库技术（DLL）,利用商用计算流体力学（CFD）程序FLUENT的用户自定义函数（UDF）实现中子动力学、燃料棒热传导等和快堆堆池冷却剂流动换热的耦合计算,开发池式快堆多物理耦合计算程序CFD/PF。采用CFD/PF开展小型自然循环铅铋快堆SNCLFR-10无保护超功率事故（UTOP）模拟,并与国际知名快堆多物理耦合分析程序SIMMR-III的计算结果开展Code-to-Code对比分析。研究结果表明:CFD/PF与SIMMER-III的分析结果吻合良好,耦合程序的开发取得了初步成功,可用于分析池式快堆堆池内的复杂三维流动和换热现象。      

一回路一台泵停运-单环路余热排出工况下CEFR钠池三维瞬态热工特性数值模拟

一回路一台泵停运-单环路余热排出是池式钠冷快堆的设计基准事故之一,有必要对该工况下钠池内的热工特性进行分析。由于钠池整体尺寸大,难以开展实验研究,通常采用数值模拟的方法进行研究。因此,本研究基于计算流体动力学（CFD）方法,开展了该工况下CEFR钠池三维瞬态数值模拟,得到在一回路泵惰转、返流和非对称余热排出作用下钠池内三维瞬态流动、温度分布以及堆芯出口温度、中间热交换器（IHX）进出口温度等关键参数。计算结果表明,故障环路中泵、IHX存在返流现象。在900 s内,堆芯出口温度降至394.9℃。正常环路IHX出口温度在400 s左右达到最大值360.5℃,随后逐渐降低。故障环路IHX出口温度先下降后上升,900 s时接近364.3℃。具有余热排出的环路具有事故缓解能力,钠池整体温度没有明显升高。研究结果能够为一回路一台泵停运-单环路余热排出事故下池式钠冷快堆安全分析提供参考。     

基于多孔介质模型的快堆蒸汽发生器热工水力特性数值研究

蒸汽发生器（SG）作为钠冷快堆一次侧钠与二次侧水的热交换器,其可靠程度直接影响反应堆能否安全运行,因此对SG的一次侧热工水力特性的研究具有重要意义。本研究采用多孔介质模型,对快堆蒸汽发生器一次侧流场进行分析。通过对支撑板模型的计算,获得多孔介质控制方程的阻力源项。一次侧向二次侧的释热量通过系统程序Relap5计算,确定多孔介质控制方程的能量源项。通过用户自定义程序将动量源项与能量源项编译至FLUENT求解器中。通过FLUENT求解器求解控制方程,获得SG一次侧流场、压力场、温度场等信息。并通过对比模拟结果与设计值,验证了计算的准确性。      

池式快堆系统分析软件稳态功能开发

针对目前我国快堆系统分析软件主要采用国外引进方式而导致难以掌握核心物理模型的现状,以中国实验快堆(CEFR)为研究和建模对象,基于中子动力学模型、堆芯及其热钠池模型、中间热交换器模型、一回路和中间回路热量传输系统模型、三回路模型等,自主开发了基于CompaqVisualFortran(CVF)的适用于稳态计算的池式快堆系统分析软件SAC-CFR。通过与中国实验快堆安全分析报告中数据进行对比,验证了所开发模型的精度,为下一步瞬态模型的开发及控制和保护系统的开发做准备。     

中间热交换器建模仿真研究

对于快堆热工水力和仪控系统设计人员来讲,中间热交换器建模仿真十分重要。本文针对中间热交换器采用Matlab/Simulink软件,建立了一种仿真模型,包括两种稳态计算方法和瞬态计算模型。两种稳态模型分别为"等节距"、"等换热量"方法,两种稳态计算方法得出的结果差别很小,出口温度计算值与实际值差别最大为3K。在各节段上建立能量守恒微分方程组,从而建立了瞬态计算模型。并且,在一回路流量衰减工况下对中间热交换器内部一、二回路温度变化进行了计算,计算结果较好。     

基于铅铋快堆的直流蒸汽发生器稳态与瞬态特性分析

铅铋快堆的安全稳定运行与换热器一二次侧间的散热性能密切相关。本研究通过建立基于铅铋快堆的直流蒸汽发生器（OTSG）稳态与瞬态耦合分布参数模型,分析对比了不同负荷条件下OTSG内部热工水力特性的分布差异,并进一步揭示了铅铋快堆一次侧焓值及流量扰动对换热器动态散热性能的影响。结果表明：稳态传热时铅铋快堆一次侧温降主要集中在过冷沸腾及核态沸腾区,二次侧负荷减小将导致管壁面温度飞升前移;动态调节显示在设计工况下一次侧入口焓值仅下降5%,就可能导致铅铋快堆循环在90 s后进入事故工况。研究结果为铅铋快堆的OTSG动态流动换热特性研究及结构设计优化提供了有价值的建议。     

中国实验快堆缓发中子监测系统的建模与计算

中国实验快堆（CEFR）缓发中子监测系统属于燃料破损探测系统的一个子系统，主要用于监测一回路钠中的缓发中子强度，以判断燃料包壳是否发生接触性破损，以便采取必要措施，防止破损的进一步发展。该系统的设计主要参考了俄罗斯的技术方案，直接将缓发中子探测站布置在中间热交换器附近，利用一回路钠的流动将可能泄漏出来的缓发中子先驱核从破损燃料处输运到中间热交换器并释放缓发中子而进行探测的。     

A thermal hydraulic calculation method of an intermediate heat exchanger of a loop type FBR

This paper describes a thermal-hydraulic calculation of an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX. The motivation of this paper is to clarify a heat transfer degradation phenomenon in the IHX through three-dimensional calculation. The whole IHX of the “Monju” reactor is modeled with three parts, i.e., the primary side, the secondary side and the heat transfer region. Through a partial calculation using these models, the flows on the primary side and the secondary side are shown to be axisymmetric. Therefore, a sector model is adopted for the calculation model in the heat transfer region. The calculated temperatures in the IHX are compared with the measured results using the IHX in the “Monju” reactor. Good agreement is obtained for the predicted outlet temperatures and temperatures on the shell surface. As a result of the CFD calculation, it is evaluated that a heat transfer in the lower plenum on the secondary side is dominant under the low flow rate conditions. This fact contributes to lower the heat transfer coefficient in the IHX when the standard heat exchanger theory is applied to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient between the primary and the secondary sides.     

Assessment of flow induced vibration in a sodium-sodium heat exchanger

The 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is under construction at Kalpakkam. It is a liquid metal sodium cooled pool type fast reactor with all primary components located inside a sodium pool. The heat produced due to fission in the core is transported by primary sodium to the secondary sodium in a sodium to sodium Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX), which in turn is transferred to water in the steam generator. PFBR IHX is a shell and tube type heat exchanger with primary sodium on shell side and secondary sodium in the tube side. Since IHX is one of the critical components placed inside the radioactive primary sodium, trouble-free operation of the IHX is very much essential for power plant availability. To validate the design and the adequacy of the support system provided for the IHX, flow induced vibration (FIV) experiments were carried out in a water test loop on a 60° sector model. This paper discusses the flow induced vibration measurements carried out in 60° sector model of IHX, the modeling criteria, the results and conclusion.     

钠冷快堆二回路系统热工水力瞬态分析程序SELTAC的开发与应用

针对钠冷快堆二回路系统的具体结构和运行特点,对中间热交换器、直流蒸汽发生器、钠缓冲罐以及泵、管道等设备和部件建立模型,采用FORTRAN语言自主编制了二回路系统热工水力瞬态分析程序SELTAC。利用中国实验快堆的停堆试验数据对所编制程序进行了初步验证。结果表明,程序计算值与试验值趋势一致,最大相对偏差不超过4.34%,吻合程度较好。将验证后的程序与一回路系统程序耦合,分析了某600 MW钠冷快堆在主热传输系统保持排热能力时的紧急停堆工况,得到了二回路系统的瞬态特性,为大型商用快堆电站的设计提供了参考。     

Dynamic simulation of accidental closure of intermediate heat exchanger isolation valve in a pool type LMFBR

In a pool type liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor (LMFBR), core and other internals such as pumps, heat exchangers are immersed in a pool of sodium. Heat exchange from primary sodium circuit (pool) to secondary sodium circuit (loop) is through four intermediate heat exchangers (IHX) immersed in primary sodium pool. Each IHX is provided with a sleeve valve at its primary sodium inlet window for the purpose of isolating the shell side of IHX from the sodium pool. With such a provision, an inadvertent partial or complete closure of a sleeve valve of one of the IHX during normal operation of the reactor has been considered as a design basis event for the reactor. One dimensional transient thermal hydraulic models of the primary and secondary sodium circuits have been developed to study the thermal hydraulic consequences of such an event. The main areas of concern in the plant and the availability of safety parameters for the detection of the event have been evaluated.     

Status of Integrated IHX/Pump Development for JSFR

This paper illuminates the status of research and development on the integrated IHX/Pump concept. The integrated IHX/Pump is the incorporated component of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) and the primary pump. Among the innovative technologies of the Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) in the Fast Reactor Cycle Technology Development (FaCT) project, the integrated IHX/Pump concept is one of the major innovative ideas for plant economy by reducing the amount of material in the primary cooling system and the building volume. This report summarizes the view of the integrated IHX/Pump, a development plan, evaluation methods, and the present test results with the 1/4-scale IHX/Pump test device.     

中国实验快堆热钠池热分层现象研究

中国实验快堆(CEFR)在紧急停堆工况下,会在热钠池上部空间形成热分层现象。热分层出现后,由于上腔室底部存在大量的冷钠(相对而言),这将延缓一回路自然循环的建立。同时,冷钠的存在还会降低自然循环的流量,并对事故停堆后堆芯的冷却产生不利影响。因此,热分层现象应当引起广泛注意。从设备结构的完整性分析上看,快堆热分层现象的出现对堆容器和部分堆内构件是不利的,会使这些部件在结构内部形成明显的热应力,对堆的安全运行构成隐患。本文调研了国内外在该领域的研究状况,分析国外已有的实验研究和理论计算进展,并结合快堆现有的计算分析程序,对CEFR的热分层现象进行深入和较为全面的计算分析。通过计算分析可以看到,在全厂断电工况下,在热钠池的上部会初步形成稳定的热分层,分层界面位于中间热交换器入口的下方,但是热分层现象不会对堆的自然循环构成影响。     

A computational study of flow mal-distribution on the thermal hydraulic performance of an intermediate heat exchanger in LMFBR

The flow and thermal non-uniformities occurring in the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) of a liquid metal-cooled fast breeder reactor have been characterized through numerical simulations. For modeling the primary and secondary sodium flow through the IHX, an equivalent anisotropic porous medium approach has been used. The pressure drop in the equivalent porous medium is accounted through the inclusion of additional pressure drop terms in the Navier–Stokes equations, with the help of standard correlations for cross flow or parallel flow over tubes. For secondary sodium flow, the effects of a flow distributor device with orifices and baffles at the inlet have also been included, in addition to axial flow through the tubes. The heat exchange between primary and secondary streams is incorporated in the form of a volumetric heat source or sink term, which is corrected iteratively. The resulting flow distributions are in reasonable agreement with available experimental results. The study shows that the temperature of the secondary sodium flow at the exit can be made more uniform by exchanging less heat near the inner wall of IHX, as compared to the region close to the outer wall, using suitable flow distribution devices.     

中国实验快堆全堆芯流量分配计算与试验

针对中国实验快堆(CEFR)堆芯和一回路的设计特点,开发水力特性计算程序DAEMON,完成不同工况下的全堆芯流量分配计算,给出流量分配不均匀性等参数。在反应堆调试阶段,进行全堆芯流量分配试验。结果表明,程序计算值与试验值符合较好。在此基础上,验证了CEFR堆芯的流体力学设计,并为反应堆调试和运行提供了基础数据。     

CEFR非对称运行工况的研究

为研究中国实验快堆（CEFR）非对称运行工况,通过快堆系统安全分析程序OASIS及堆芯子通道分析程序COBRA对CEFR单环路运行时堆内的温度以及流量进行了计算。结果表明,CEFR在单环路运行,完好环路一、二次钠泵转速为500 r/min,且事故环路一次钠泵逆止阀开启时,堆芯最多开启在14%的功率水平,以确保反应堆处于安全状态。