基于遥感和InVEST模型的白龙江流域景观生物多样性时空格局研究

以甘肃白龙江流域为例,结合遥感、GIS技术和InVEST模型,从景观地理学角度选取区域生境质量、植物净初级生产力和景观状态指数为评价指标,构建区域景观尺度上生物多样性空间格局综合评估方法,并在栅格像元尺度上开展白龙江流域景观生物多样性时空变化特征分析。结果表明：白龙江流域景观生物多样性空间格局差异显著,其生物多样性高值区主要集中在自然保护区和林业管护区,低值区主要分布在舟曲-武都-文县的白龙江两岸及其以北区域、宕昌县岷江沿岸、高寒稀疏植被区和高山积雪-裸岩区。1990~2010年,流域景观生物多样性较为丰富,整体呈现不断增长的趋势,个别局部区域减弱,其增长区主要体现在生态工程实施区和林业管护区,减少区多分布在人类活动频繁的城乡农耕区和灾害多发区。     

基于地质灾害的陇南山区生态风险评价——以陇南市武都区为例

陇南山区地质构造活动强烈,频繁的地质灾害对生态环境和生态安全构成严重威胁。分别以陇南市武都区的主要地质灾害(滑坡、泥石流和地震)和景观类型为风险源和受体,以景观结构指数和易损性指数作为评价指标,构建生态风险评价模型,进行生态风险特征评估。结果表明:武都区生态风险特征的分布主要受地质灾害风险分布和景观格局的影响,人类活动、植被覆盖度和海拔梯度也是重要的影响因素。极高风险区和高风险区主要集中分布在东江镇以东的白龙江沿岸及整个白龙江南岸、安化、马街、汉王和两水镇北部等地;低风险区和较低风险区主要分布在武都区东部和南部以及西部和西北部区域。基于景观结构的多风险源生态风险评价对于区域生态风险管理具有重要的现实和指导意义。     

左江上游流域景观生态风险评价

以1990年和2008年左江上游流域的土地利用数据和数字高程模型为基础,以景观干扰度、景观脆弱度为主要评价指标,构建景观生态风险评价模型,对研究区景观生态风险的时空变化特征进行评估分析。研究表明:(1)伴随着流域开发活动的加强,1990―2008年18年间,左江上游流域景观格局变化的主要特征为耕地景观显著增加,其面积比例由1990年的20.54%增加至2008年的27.59%;草地景观显著减少,其面积比例由1990的12.66%减少至2008年的3.29%;(2)受地质?地貌格局控制,流域景观生态风险的空间格局存在较大差异,峰丛洼地区?河谷平原和台地区农业景观生态风险较高,而丘陵山区的森林景观生态风险较低;(3)流域内景观生态风险水平正在逐渐增高,中、高和极高等级风险区面积分别增加9.15%、2.08%和2.15%,生态安全格局呈现显著的破碎化趋势,区域人类活动是影响景观生态风险加重和扩散的主要原因。     

流溪河流域土地利用景观生态安全动态分析

在GIS技术支持下,基于景观干扰指数和景观脆弱度指数构建景观生态安全评价指标体系,分析流溪河流域2000年、2005年和2009年3相土地利用景观生态安全变化。景观生态安全指数定量化地表征了流域景观生态安全状况,结果表明：（1）流域景观生态安全格局受城市化及人类活动干扰显著增强,林草地和耕地面积减少,园地面积增加,10年间各景观类型的破碎度、分离度总体呈现增加趋势,且流域内优势景观类型发生改变,2000年和2005年以林草地和耕地为优势景观,而2009年优势景观转变为林草地和园地;（2）2000-2005年,流域过半景观生态安全格局发生了变化;2005-2009年期间流域景观生态安全转移率约为60%,约有90%的流域景观生态安全格局在空间分布上发生了变化;（3）2000年整个流域景观生态安全指数都大于0.6,其中大于0.8的面积占99.99%;2005年,生态安全度大于0.6的面积比例为98.48%,景观生态安全指数大于0.8的面积较2000年降低55.93%;景观生态安全度大于0.6的区域2009年比2005年减少了72.93%,主要分布于流域上游;整个流域范围内没有生态安全指数大于0.8的区域分布,流域景观生态安全度呈现整体降低趋势。     

东北农牧交错带景观生态安全格局构建及预警研究——以吉林省通榆县为例

东北农牧交错带是典型的生态脆弱区,以吉林省通榆县为研究区域,基于RS和GIS技术,采用最小累积阻力模型构建通榆县1986年、2000年和2008年景观生态安全格局,基于2008年的景观安全格局进行风险预警分析。结果表明:1)由于景观格局的变化,研究区安全核心区的面积略有扩大,安全缓冲区面积在减少,安全外围区面积在增加;2)研究区的景观格局阻力值呈两极分化趋势,生态高风险重点预警区域主要集中在通榆县中东部,应优先考虑开展生态恢复治理。     

城市区域生态风险预警方法及其在景观生态安全格局调控中的应用北大核心CSCDCSSCI

海岸带地区是中国乃至全球人口最稠密、城市化进程最快的区域,其生态风险与安全问题是关系人群和区域可持续发展的关键。运用景观生态学和景观生态安全格局理论方法,以厦门海岛型城市向海湾型城市战略转型这一快速、大规模城市化进程为大背景,提出基于2006-2015年城市不透水面变化率、风险受体敏感指标和生态红线管控的景观生态风险空间预警模型,与通过景观源—汇理论构建的景观生态安全格局相叠加,揭示厦门市景观生态安全格局在快速城市化的胁迫下现状与未来潜在风险状态,进而提出调控措施。研究表明:(1)城市区域景观生态风险明显升高,风险预警高值区与ISA分布情况保持了较好的一致性,主要分布在以九溪流域、马銮湾、杏林湾、同安湾等港湾快速城市化区域,该部分地区城市沿河口空间外扩迅速,不透水面增长较快,对沿海湿地的侵占围填也较为严重,未来面临湿地或保护区破坏的生态风险较大。(2)生态风险预警结果与景观生态安全格局相叠加,识别出区域景观生态安全格局中处于风险状态的关键源、缓冲区、廊道、战略点,设计规划未来厦门港湾区域景观生态安全优化格局,提出景观生态恢复与重建措施。将生态风险预警方法与景观生态安全格局调控设计相结合,能为城市区域环境管理与景观调控提供科学支撑。     

城市区域生态风险预警方法及其在景观生态安全格局调控中的应用

海岸带地区是中国乃至全球人口最稠密、城市化进程最快的区域,其生态风险与安全问题是关系人群和区域可持续发展的关键。运用景观生态学和景观生态安全格局理论方法,以厦门海岛型城市向海湾型城市战略转型这一快速、大规模城市化进程为大背景,提出基于2006-2015年城市不透水面变化率、风险受体敏感指标和生态红线管控的景观生态风险空间预警模型,与通过景观源—汇理论构建的景观生态安全格局相叠加,揭示厦门市景观生态安全格局在快速城市化的胁迫下现状与未来潜在风险状态,进而提出调控措施。研究表明:(1)城市区域景观生态风险明显升高,风险预警高值区与ISA分布情况保持了较好的一致性,主要分布在以九溪流域、马銮湾、杏林湾、同安湾等港湾快速城市化区域,该部分地区城市沿河口空间外扩迅速,不透水面增长较快,对沿海湿地的侵占围填也较为严重,未来面临湿地或保护区破坏的生态风险较大。(2)生态风险预警结果与景观生态安全格局相叠加,识别出区域景观生态安全格局中处于风险状态的关键源、缓冲区、廊道、战略点,设计规划未来厦门港湾区域景观生态安全优化格局,提出景观生态恢复与重建措施。将生态风险预警方法与景观生态安全格局调控设计相结合,能为城市区域环境管理与景观调控提供科学支撑。     

永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价

生物多样性安全是流域生态安全主体之一,也是近年研究的热点。以永定河流域门头沟区为研究区,基于景观生态安全格局理论与最小费用距离模型方法,利用RS与GIS空间分析技术研究构建了研究区1984-2010年4个时段景观生态安全格局。根据最小费用阻力阈值,建立了“源”间生态廊道及“源”与外部联系的辐射道,确定了关键的战略点,最终完成景观安全格局的构建。基于生物多样性目标得到了低、中、高3 个不同安全水平的面积分别占研究区总面积的比例。结果表明：研究区低安全区面积比例由1984年的9.49%下降为2010年的9.18%,说明处于人类强干扰区的东部区域生态安全状态2010年较1984年有好转趋势。研究结果可为研究区生态安全策略及开展景观尺度生态恢复的治理提供参考。     

“一带一路”背景下博多河流域景观格局变化及生态风险评价研究

“一带一路”沿线国家的生态风险研究有利于区域可持续发展,充分发挥对外辐射的作用,促进国家间经济流动、贸易畅通,实现共同繁荣。以孟加拉国博多河流域为例,选取1980—2017年期间的5期遥感影像,基于景观格局指数建立生态风险模型,综合运用空间自相关分析法、地统计学分析法、重心转移法等方法,研究流域景观格局变化特征以及生态风险演变规律。结果表明：（1）1980—2017年流域内景观类型主要是林地和耕地,且景观格局变化显著,耕地和湿地面积减少,林地、建设用地和未利用地面积增加;（2）1980年以来,流域生态风险整体呈下降趋势,但各类风险转化显著,除低风险区面积减少之外,其余风险区均存在不同程度的增加,各期流域生态风险重心均位于锡拉杰甘杰县,主要在流域中部沿南北方向发生偏移;（3）流域内各期的生态风险在空间上呈显著正相关关系,“高-高”集聚基本稳定,主要分布在博多河及其沿岸;“低-低”集聚变化显著,由博多河下游先向上游及流域西南部变化,后逐渐向流域西部和南部聚拢。研究结果为构建流域生态安全格局及进行生态风险预警工作等提供科学依据和理论支撑。     

澜沧江流域上、中、下游典型案例区景观格局对比分析

景观空间格局是进行流域环境资源研究的重要内容之一。通过在澜沧江流域云南段上中下游地区分别选取具有典型代表意义的案例区，运用空间分析手段获取各案例区的景观类型分布及数量，基此就各案例区的景观多样性、多项景观格局数量指标、分维数等进行对比分析。结果表明：在澜沧江流域云南段，总体上，上游和下游地区景观格局较中游区域状况好，特别是下游地区景观多样性极为丰富；另外，随着流域典型的南北方向流动，在不同区位的案例区，景观格局存在着明显的差异，造成该差异的原因，除特定的自然条件外，还与当地社会经济发展及人口的压力有着非常密切的关系。该研究成果为进行流域整体生态功能规划、流域生态环境管理建设以及流域整体开发与协调管理提供了基础研究信息。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.