小心一氧化碳中毒

2月17日18时左右,浙江省东阳市巍山镇一影厅有部分观景人员出现头晕、呕吐等情况,经当地医院检查后判断,观影者身体不适是因为一氧化碳浓度超标引起的。一氧化碳是煤、石油等含碳物质不完全燃烧的产物,是一种无色、无味和无刺激性的有毒气体,生活中稍不注意,就可能导致中毒。因此,它也被称为隐形杀手。     

电热水器的安全使用

电热水器属家用电器。早几年家庭为解决用热水洗澡或洗涤，通常使用的是燃气热水器．所使用的燃气不外乎是液化石油气，煤气或天然气。这些可燃气体在燃烧过程中如果通风不良，会因氧的提供不充分，出现“不完全燃烧”而产生窒息性的一氧化碳．易造成使用者中毒．危及生命。近几年，家庭或小型家庭式旅馆．大多使用电热水器解决热水供应。电热水器的安全问题须引起使用家庭和单位的重视。[第一段]     

关于一氧化碳中毒

凡是含碳的物质如煤、木材等在燃烧不完全时都可产生一氧化碳（CO）。一氧化碳进入人体后很快与血红蛋白结合，形成碳氧血红蛋白，而且不易解离。一氧化碳的浓度高时还可与细胞色素氧化酶的铁结合，抑制细胞呼吸而中毒。     

一氧化碳是具有最大火灾危害的有毒气体

一氧化碳是具有最大火灾危害的有毒气体导言在美国消防协会（ＮＦＰＡ）１９３３年的季刊中，即讨论过在火灾中死亡的主要原因是燃烧产物的毒性。美国试验和材料学会（ＡＳＴＭ）将烟解释为燃烧生成的气态、液态和固态悬浮产物。因此，烟不是相同的物质，其组成依赖其产生...     

中小城镇燃气供应方式的探讨

讨论了中小城镇燃气供应的方式与特点，进行了工程投资、运行成本等经济性比较。     

LPG转换为天然气时调压器的选型

探讨了液化石油气转换为天然气时调压器的选型问题。     

福州市管道燃气置换为天然气的方案探讨

对福州市现状管道燃气与液化天然气的互换性进行论证 ,校核管网输送能力及调压设备能力 ,探讨调峰措施     

液化石油气混空气与焦炉煤气的互换性研究

通过液化石油气和空气的不同配比,以及混气与焦炉煤气的不同配比的试验,研究了燃气互换性和燃气压力对混合比的影响。     

Carbon monoxide transport in an enclosed room with sources from a water heater in the adjacent balcony

This paper has presented a computational analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration inside a typical enclosed room of a residential building in Taiwan. CO is produced from a house-used natural gas water heater installed in the balcony. It is then diffused into the adjacent bedroom, which often causes serious poisoning accidences. A general-purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is employed to predict the CO concentration and airflow fields inside a three-dimensional (3D) modeled house. The variation of CO concentration was simulated under different scenarios of vent air flow rates and exit openings. It was found that under the ventilation conditions of V>0.0003 m/s, the levels of CO concentration in the bedroom is significantly decreased due to the entrainment of fresh air into the bedroom from the inside door. The present results could be used as a base for ventilation design for enclosed rooms, aiming at a proper ventilation system selection for avoiding the CO poisoning.     

Genetic factors and acute carbon monoxide intoxication

LD_12:12 (L = 100 lux) synchronized, 5–10 grouped small laboratory vertebrates, were during part of the L period (0900–1130) exposed to an acute carbon monoxide intoxication, resulting in an overall 50 % mortality. Interspecific and interstrain differences were found in outbred and inbred mice (CBA, C57B1, OF₁), outbred rats (Sprague-Dawley, Wistar), guinea-pigs, chicks (R+, R-), and Japanese quails. In this last bird species, a genetic selection produced two genotypes, one sensitive and one resistant to a carbon monoxide acute intoxication.     

Psychological sequelae to carbon monoxide intoxication in the child

Twenty children from 25 months to 15 years old at the time of carbon monoxide intoxication have been studied in a short-term follow-up, and 14 children in a long-term follow-up, as far as their psychological and cognitive faculties are concerned. The quality of recovery is a function of the severeness of the intoxication, but the intellectual level of the children, and primarily their age at the time of the intoxication, also play a major role.     

Building dampness diagnosing the causes

In our January/February issue last year, Jim Smith described the insights he had gained as the human expert being 'mined' by the knowledge engineers for an expert system to aid diagnosis of the causes of dampness in buildings. An overview of that BREDAMP project is presented here, explaining the background to the project and its objectives, and the way the expert system was created, discussing in detail the methods used to capture the depth of knowledge available.     

犯罪与暴力的根源

有几个因素影响了犯罪与暴力的发生率.这些因素包括给犯罪行为和暴力行为制造机会和刺激的经济与政治环境、以及构建起犯罪框架的状况. 社会和文化因素也可能加剧或促成犯罪.例如,在城市里,如喀布尔、卡拉齐和马那瓜,暴力深深植入日常生活的架构中,它已经成为许多贫民窟居民的行为准则.     

关于外墙渗漏水的成因和分析

针对建筑外墙渗漏水现象严重的问题,从建筑市场、质量控制、材料选用等方面入手,分析了外墙渗漏水的原因,并提出了重视外墙防水设计,加强人员技能培训,选用合格建筑材料等防治措施,以有效解决外墙渗漏水这一质量通病。     

Building dampness diagnosing the causes

In our January/February issue last year, Jim Smith described the insights he had gained as the human expert being ‘mined’ by the knowledge engineers for an expert system to aid diagnosis of the causes of dampness in buildings. An overview of that BREDAMP project is presented here, explaining the background to the project and its objectives, and the way the expert system was created, discussing in detail the methods used to capture the depth of knowledge available.     

混凝土板裂缝产生的原因与防治

混凝土在现代工程建设中占有重要的地位。而在现代混凝土工程中裂缝几乎无所不在。尽管我们在施工中采取各种措施,但裂缝时有出现,究其原因,发现产生裂缝的原因是多方面的。首先,在施工中混凝土常常出现温度裂缝,影响到结构整体性和耐久性;其次,施工工艺不熟,浇注方式的变化也会导致现浇钢筋混凝土楼板产生裂缝;第三,在运转过程中,温度变化对结构的应力状态具有显著的不容忽视的影响,另外施工单位为赶进度,在现浇混凝土未达到设计强度时即拆模,或板上施工堆载过重,也会导致板开裂,出现穿透性裂缝。本文以近年来部分住宅楼用户投诉件为例,针对混凝土裂缝的成因,从脆性和不均匀性、施工工艺、温度应力形成过程、混凝土的早期养护等方面进行分析,提出现场混凝土温度的控制和预防裂缝的措施。     

Preventing death in Venice

While the world's attention has been captured by the dangerous ‘sinking’ of Venice as a whole, too little interest has perhaps been shown in the individual examples of building conservation that have taken place in recent years. For this, extensive use has been made of root piling of foundations and of injection reinforcement of superstructures, techniques which have become highly specialised.

In addition, the Ministry of Public Works has recently built a large-scale model of the whole Venice lagoon in order to study the hydrological factors affecting this vulnerable city.