Influence of imperfect carrier recovery on satellite QPSK communication system performance

The purpose of this paper is to provide the theoretical approach for determining the bit error probability in detecting a coherent quaternary phase-shift-keyed signal transmitted over a soft-limited channel in the presence of the uplink and downlink noise, as well as the noisy carrier reference signal. The uplink noise is considered in the specific way through the envelope variations and the frequency offset of the signal remitted by the satellite station having influence on the variations of the phase-locked loop parameters in the receiving ground station, consequently on the probability density function of the phase error, i.e. the average bit error probability. The downlink noise is also taken into consideration. The determined results are based on the non-linear phase-locked loop model with primary emphasis on the degradations in the system performance produced by the imperfect carrier signal extraction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of system with L‐branch selection combining over correlated Weibull fading channels in the presence of cochannel interference

In this paper, the performance of L‐branch selection combining receiver over correlated Weibull fading channels in the presence of correlated Weibull‐distributed cochannel interference is analyzed. Closed‐form expressions for probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the signal‐to‐interference ratio at the output of the selection combining receiver present main contribution of this paper. Numerical results are also presented to show the effects of various parameters as the fading severity, correlation and number of branches on outage probability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阴影对GMSK卫星移动通信系统性能的影响

导出了采用L重最大比组合（MRC）和差分相位检测（DPD）方案的高斯最小频移键控（GMSK）卫星移动通信系统在不同信道条件下的误比特率公式，并利用实测数据给出数值计算结果。可用于分析阴影特性对卫星移动信道性能的影响并指导系统设计。     

卫星扩频通信中一种简化的窄带干扰抑制方法

针对卫星扩频通信中的强窄带干扰，提出了一种基于频域处理的窄带干扰抑制技术。该技术采用了简化的自适应方法估计接收信号中噪声的功率，确定窄带干扰与噪声之间的阂值。通过降低高于阈值的干扰谱线的幅度同时保持这些谱线的相位信息，降低了处理后信号中的干扰能量，使接收信号信噪比大大提高。该窄带干扰抑制算法的复杂度比较小，硬件实现占用的资源较少。     

基于机会通信的多天线蜂窝系统小区间干扰协调

通过研究有限反馈波束赋形蜂窝系统中小区间同信道干扰变化的特性,提出了一种基于机会通信的有限权值机会波束方法。该方法通过在预先设计的有限数量的赋形权值码本中随机选择赋形权值,使目标小区的干扰变化与邻小区用户调度无关,从而使干扰测量和速率预测更为准确,降低了反馈时延和干扰变化造成的中断率。理论分析和仿真均表明:采用正比公平调度的有限权值机会波束与有限反馈波束赋形具有相近的发射速率,从而系统吞吐量得到提高。     

卫星通信干扰信号识别技术研究现状及展望

随着通信技术的发展,卫星通信系统面临着日益严重的干扰问题以及干扰识别技术的挑战。针对这一现状,介绍了常见的卫星干扰信号样式及卫星干扰信号的发展趋势,分别从基于特征提取的干扰识别方法、传统机器学习方法以及深度学习方法3个方面介绍了卫星干扰信号分类识别技术的研究现状,分析了其各自的优势与不足。最后对未来卫星干扰信号分类识别技术进行了展望。     

On the interference from space research service uplink transmissions into the inter‐satellite links of a non‐GSO system operating in the 22‐GHz band

This paper presents a compatibility analysis involving space research service lunar mission uplink transmissions and the inter‐satellite links of non‐geostationary orbit systems operating in the 22‐GHz band. Three points differentiate this analysis from the currently available studies: (1) the mathematical model used here allows for the consideration of the time varying nature of the inclination of the Moon orbital plane; (2) besides the usual unconditional interference cumulative distribution functions, this analysis also considers the conditional cumulative distribution functions given that the victim satellite is receiving interference, important to characterize the interference affecting users that, because of their location, are most of the time using satellites, which are under interference; and (3) instead of dynamic time simulation, the analytical method in Recommendation ITU‐R S.1529 is used to determine the various cumulative distribution functions involved. Four scenarios are examined in the paper. Their main differences concern the number and location of the space research service transmitting Earth stations and the strategy under which they are active (transmitting). In all scenarios, cumulative distribution functions of the ratio I/N were determined for both the in‐band and the out‐of‐band interference cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卫星相干光通信跟瞄误差对链路性能的影响

以星间相干激光通信链路的接收机相干效率为研究对象,分析了动态跟瞄误差对相干效率的影响,将相干效率引入到星间相干激光通信链路方程,推导了跟瞄误差波前失配条件下的相干光通信链路的误码率概率表达式,对卫星激光通信链路中跟瞄对准误差导致的相干效率下降、链路误码性能劣化情况进行了仿真计算。结果表明,由于跟瞄对准误差波前失配的影响,相干激光通信接收终端具有一个优化的接收孔径,在本仿真条件下,LEO-GEO星间链路动态跟瞄误差为0.5μrad时,优化接收孔径为0.5 m,链路可获得最佳误码性能。     

Influence of fading on the Gaussian approximation for BPSK and QPSK with asynchronous cochannel interference

We investigate the performance of BPSK and QPSK with coherent detection and matched filtering in the presence of both time and phase asynchronous cochannel interfering signals. More precisely, we analyze the role played by different channel statistics on the distribution of the decision variable at the output of the matched filter. The results show that the Gaussian approximation is accurate not only in the (obvious) case of a large number of interferers, but also when the desired signal is subject to fading, whatever the number of interferers is. For example, when the desired signal is subject to Rayleigh fading, even in the presence of only one unfaded interferer the Kullback-Leibler distance between the exact distribution of the decision variable and that obtained with the Gaussian approximation on the interference is lower than 0.01 [nats] for all cases of practical interest.     

卫星干扰源定位中的误差分析与预测

卫星干扰源定位系统可以通过测量两颗卫星对干扰源形成的时差（DTO）和频差（DFO）来完成对未知干扰源的定位,其定位误差除了与时差、频差等参数测量值有关外,还和随时间变化的卫星星历有密切的关系。针对这一问题,首次提出了利用星历时变性特点来提高定位精度的新方法,该方法通过预测的定位误差来选择定位的最佳时刻,通过整合多次最佳时刻的定位结果来获得最小的定位误差。仿真表明,相对于传统的定位方法,这种新方法可以取得优于一个数量级的定位精度改善。     

A model for the estimation of the carrier‐to‐noise plus total interference ratio between two adjacent dual polarized satellite links sharing the same frequency band

In modern satellite communications, matters such as frequency congestion, transmission of dual polarized carriers and increase of the number of geostationary satellites in use, necessitate the implementation of interference analysis in neighbouring networks so as to ensure satisfactory quality of service. In this paper, a recently proposed model for the prediction of the degradation of the carrier‐to‐interference ratio due to differential rain attenuation and cross‐polarization, which is applicable only for the noise‐dominant case, has been properly modified to include the general case. The proposed model is based on the lognormal assumption for the point rainfall rate statistics and the convective raincell model. Due to complexity of the proposed analysis, some simple regression‐derived formulas have been generated forming a very useful tool for the system engineer. The elaborations of numerical results examine the influence of various parameters upon the total availability performance and the optimum utilization of the geostationary orbit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空间辐射环境对卫星光通信系统误码率的影响

为了提高卫星光通信系统的空间抗辐射性能,开展了空间辐射损伤对卫星光通信系统的误码率影响研究。建立了空间辐射损伤的误码率模型,并基于该模型对光源和光电探测器辐射损伤条件下的系统误码率进行了数值计算。结果表明γ射线辐射和质子辐射均能对通信系统误码率造成几个量级的下降,需要增加合理的空间辐射屏蔽单元或者选择空间抗辐射性能较高的零差BPSK工作模式。     

Turbo‐coded APSK modulations design for satellite broadband communications

This paper investigates the design of power and spectrally efficient coded modulations based on amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation with application to satellite broadband communications. APSK represents an attractive modulation format for digital transmission over nonlinear satellite channels due to its power and spectral efficiency combined with its inherent robustness against nonlinear distortion. For these reasons APSK has been very recently introduced in the new standard for satellite Digital Video Broadcasting named DVB‐S2. Assuming an ideal rectangular transmission pulse, for which no nonlinear inter‐symbol interference is present and perfect pre‐compensation of the nonlinearity, we optimize the APSK constellation. In addition to the minimum distance criterion, we introduce a new optimization based on the mutual information; this new method generates an optimum constellation for each spectral efficiency. To achieve power efficiency jointly with low bit error rate (BER) floor we adopt a powerful binary serially concatenated turbo‐code coupled with optimal APSK modulations through bit‐interleaved coded modulation. We derive tight approximations on the maximum‐likelihood decoding error probability, and results are compared with computer simulations. The proposed coded modulation scheme is shown to provide a considerable performance advantage compared to current standards for satellite multimedia and broadcasting systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

短波FH/OFDM通信系统抗跟踪式干扰性能分析

对于短波多载波跳频通信系统,跟踪式干扰是一种有效的干扰模式。分析了正交频分复用( OFDM)部分子信道干扰与符号误码率的关系,通过仿真获得了最佳跟踪干扰的部分时间参数,结合OFDM频谱结构与干扰频谱关系,推导了高斯信道条件下部分频带干扰和多音干扰时系统误码率,分析了短波FH/OFDM通信系统抗跟踪式干扰的误码率性能,仿真结果表明：跟踪干扰时间窗口对误码率的影响与部分频带干扰因子和信干比有关;在部分频带干扰与部分时间干扰之间,存在等效的干扰效果区域;多音干扰因子越大,系统所受影响越大,跟踪干扰时间窗口对误码率的影响与多音干扰因子和信干比有关,针对OFDM符号的多音干扰影响要远大于部分频带干扰的影响;跳频与OFDM技术的结合、提高载波跳速、减小跟踪式干扰对OFDM符号的影响,也是消除多音干扰的重要手段。     

Co‐channel interference cancelation at the user terminal in multibeam satellite systems

We study the applicability of soft interference cancelation in the forward link of multibeam satellite systems with focus on mobile terminals. We adopt a standard currently used in commercial satellite systems as a reference. The multibeam satellite antenna radiation diagram has been generated using a physical optics reflector model while a widely adopted channel model has been used for the land mobile satellite channel. The interference pattern has been derived using a system simulator developed by the European Space Agency. Starting from the analysis of the interference pattern, we study the application of a low‐complexity soft interference cancelation scheme for commercial applications. Our results show that, under realistic conditions, a two‐colors frequency reuse scheme can be employed while guaranteeing service availability across the coverage and keeping the complexity at the user terminals relatively low. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high‐speed long‐haul wavelength division multiplexing–based inter‐satellite optical wireless communication link using spectral‐efficient 2‐D orthogonal modulation scheme

In this work, we propose a novel multi‐bit/symbol spectral‐efficient optical orthogonal modulation scheme based on simultaneously modulating differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK)‐polarization shift keying (PolSK) in a 16‐channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)‐based inter‐satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) system. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate a reliable transportation of 16 × 100 Gbps information over 25 000 km of transmission range with acceptable bit error rate (BER) using the proposed system. Further, the impact of space turbulences (ie, pointing error losses) on the BER performance of the proposed IsOWC link has been evaluated using numerical simulations. The simulation results report a successful transportation of information up to 2.7 μrad receiver pointing error angle with acceptable performance.     

卫星通信与5G融合系统发展探究

5G具有先进和成熟的技术,而卫星通信具有天然优势,例如灵活提供网络无线宽带回传、大广域广播多播、安全应急类通信等,是未来移动通信的重要组成部分.文章分析了5G和卫星通信发展情况,以及融合场景与核心技术,表达了对未来发展的展望,为相关人员提供参考.     

UWB卫星通信系统与窄带系统互扰分析

UWB技术在卫星通信领域推广应用的瓶颈是UWB卫星通信系统与窄带系统的互扰问题。研究了正弦调制高斯脉冲在卫星信道应用的时频域特性,提出了Ka频段UWB卫星通信信道模型,建立UWB卫星通信仿真系统,研究了UWB卫星通信系统和窄带系统在互扰条件下的误码特性,得到了影响互扰的关键因素,提出了适合卫星通信信道传输的UWB信号设计参数,论证了UWB卫星通信系统与窄带系统共享频谱的可行性。     

Three‐path successive relaying protocol with blind inter‐relay interference cancellation and cooperative non‐coherent detection

Successive relaying has recently emerged as a spectral‐efficient technique for cooperative wireless communications. However, in scenarios with uncertain accuracy of instantaneous channel state information (CSI), the scope of conventional two‐path successive relaying protocol shrinks. This is due to the challenges of cancelling inter‐relay interference (IRI) and detecting signals efficiently without specific CSI. The two challenges motivate us to propose a novel double listening 3‐path successive relaying (DL3PSR) protocol to mitigate the successive relaying's dependence on accurate instantaneous CSI. We overcome the first challenge by proposing a blind IRI cancellation technique, and its effectiveness is proven. After blind IRI cancellation, the challenge of efficient signal detection is overcome by robust cooperative non‐coherent detection, which consists of exclusive OR (XOR) demodulation and joint decoding. Based on constellation mapping, XOR demodulation is designed to demodulate M‐ary phase‐shift keying symbols without instantaneous CSI. Moreover, joint forward and backward decoding strategy is proposed to improve the robustness of data detection by retrieving two independent versions of the original data. Furthermore, the detection threshold, bit error probability, and achievable rate of DL3PSR are theoretically obtained. Simulations verify that in scenarios without full knowledge of CSI, DL3PSR protocol outperforms conventional two‐path successive relaying in bit error performance and that the rate of DL3PSR is close to that of the full‐duplex relaying. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Error performance of preamplified optical PPM systems with finite extinction ratios

In this paper, we present an analytical study of the error performance in optically preamplified, M-ary pulse position modulation, in free-space optical communication systems with finite extinction ratios. We derive a theoretical expression for the probability of bit error and compute it numerically for different symbol sizes and extinction ratios. We also provide the power penalty due to a finite extinction ratio for both coded and uncoded systems. The study shows that, in certain cases and for a given extinction ratio, lower symbol sizes may yield an error performance similar to that achieved by higher symbol sizes.