图案化铜纳米线阵列的制备

采用紫外光刻法制得图案化的阳极氧化铝模板。在模板上蒸镀金膜后,采用电化学沉积法制备了铜纳米线,用扫描电子显微镜观察,研究了最佳电化学沉积时间。结果表明,铜纳米线阵列的图案与掩膜的图案完全一致,呈直径约5μm的圆形。铜纳米线的长度随沉积时间的增加而增长,沉积时间20min,即可制得长度约5μm的铜纳米线阵列结构。在此基础上可研制微器件。     

Fe纳米线的制备及其磁性能研究

采用电化学沉积法封装阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,制备出不同直径的Fe纳米线阵列。Fe纳米线阵列的形貌、组成、晶型、磁学性能分别通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、震动样品磁强计(VSM)进行表征。结果表明:电化学沉积法可以制备出直径为33~95 nm的Fe纳米线;纳米线排列有序,粗细均匀,具有明显的[110]择优取向。VSM测试结果表明纳米线的直径对其磁性能影响很大。当纳米线直径为33~40 nm时,纳米线具有明显的磁各向异性,垂直模板表面的方向为易磁化方向,该方向上矫顽力达112 745.4 A/m以上,矩形比达0.43以上;当纳米纤维直径为75~95 nm时,纳米线的磁各向异性较弱,轴向上矫顽力和矩形比也较小。     

CdS/TiO_2球棒结构异质结的合成及其光电化学性能研究

利用循环伏安电沉积法将CdS纳米颗粒沉积在TiO2纳米棒阵列上制备了CdS/TiO2复合薄膜,采用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis分光光度计对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并研究了紫外光预处理TiO2对复合薄膜的结构和光电化学性能的影响。结果表明,制备的TiO2薄膜为沿c轴择优取向的金红石单晶,CdS成功电沉积到TiO2纳米棒的顶部形成了CdS/TiO2球棒结构异质结,所制复合薄膜的光吸收边均扩展到了可见光区域。特别是对TiO2纳米棒阵列进行紫外线照射预处理后,复合薄膜中CdS的含量显著提高,其表现出更好的光电化学性能。     

用AAO为模板组装磁性金属Ni纳米线阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)为模板,采用直流电沉积的方法,制备了磁性金属Ni纳米线阵列。选用SEM、TEM、XRD等测试手段,对其微观形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明:制得的Ni纳米线阵列排列规整、长度一致、直径与模板孔径基本一致,约为250nm,而且是结构紧密的多晶体。研究了电沉积时间对Ni纳米线长度的影响,发现电沉积时间应不超过15h。     

TiO2纳米管阵列的电化学自掺杂及电容特性北大核心

阳极氧化钛箔合成高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。通过电化学自掺杂的方法对原始TiO2纳米管阵列电极进行改性,研究了不同掺杂条件对TiO2纳米管阵列电极电化学性能的影响,探索了电化学自掺杂的最佳实验参数。实验结果表明：电化学未掺杂的原始TiO2纳米管阵列电极表现出的最大比电容仅为1.55 mF·cm^-2,在25℃下0.5 mol/L的Na2SO4溶液中,施加5 V电压掺杂30 s后,TiO2纳米管阵列电极导电性显著增强,比电容可达到22.17 mF·cm^-2,是原始TiO2纳米管阵列电极比电容的14.3倍,电化学自掺杂显著提高了TiO2纳米管的导电性及电容性能。同时,电化学自掺杂不会损坏或改变TiO2纳米管的形貌和晶体结构。     

自组装制备硅纳米线阵列及其光致发光特性研究

用微电化学催化腐蚀法制备了硅纳米线阵列,通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了样品的表面形貌.用荧光光谱仪测量了有序硅纳米线阵列的光致发光特性,发现当激发波长增加时,有序硅纳米线阵列的光致发光峰位单调红移,发光强度也单调增强.对比多孔硅的发光机理和现有实验条件,对有序硅纳米线阵列可能的发光机理进行了讨论.     

Cu2O纳米线有序阵列的电化学模板法制备

采用电化学沉积法,在氧化铝模板的有序孔洞中制备了立方相Cu2O纳米线有序阵列.用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Cu2O纳米线结构致密、直径均匀,约60 nm,沿[100]方向择优生长.     

直流电沉积制备一维ZnSe半导体纳米材料

用二次阳极氧化法制备了多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板。以AAO为模板,在ZnSO4、Na2SO4和H2SeO3的混合水溶液中进行直流电沉积了ZnSe半导体纳米线。SPM、TEM测试表明,模板表面形成模孔大小一致、排列规则的阵列。ZnSe纳米线的直径约为60nm,长度约为0.5μm并与模板的孔径和深度一致。在制备过程中,无需去除AAO的基底,喷金或预镀金属等处理,直接在AAO纳米孔内电沉积,制备纳米线。该方法简单、有效并且容易获得有序的半导体纳米线阵列。     

CdTe量子点敏化TiO2纳米棒光电极的制备及分析

利用电化学沉积法在TiO2纳米棒阵列上沉积了CdTe量子点,通过调节沉积时的电量使整个TiO2纳米棒上覆盖了致密均匀的CdTe量子点,CdTe和TiO2形成了核壳结构。研究了沉积电量对FTO/TiO2/CdTe光电极的结构及光电性能的影响,发现随着沉积电量的增大,FTO/TiO2/CdTe光电极的吸收边发生红移。当沉积电量为0.9C时,在光强为0.1 W/cm2、AM 1.5 G标准模拟太阳光照射下,所制光电极产生最大的饱和光电流密度3.23×10–3A/cm2。     

TiO_2纳米管柔性光阳极制备及其光电性能

采用电化学阳极氧化法在钛箔表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜层,形成TiO2纳米管柔性光阳极并应用于染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及紫外可见光谱仪对纳米管阵列的物相、微观形貌及光学性能进行表征,探讨了阳极氧化时间和TiCl4处理对TiO2纳米管光阳极组装DSSC光电性能的影响。结果表明,500℃热处理后,出现明显的锐钛矿型TiO2的特征峰,且TiO2纳米管阵列垂直取向、排列紧密,长度约为23.17μm,其吸光度比TiO2纳米颗粒薄膜高;与未经TiCl4处理相比,经TiCl4处理的氧化时间为9 h的TiO2纳米管组装DSSC的光电转换效率提高了5.80%,其开路电压为0.76 V,短路电流密度为6.92 mA·cm-2,填充因子为0.45,光电转换效率达到2.37%。     

Bright CdSe quantum dot inserted in single ZnSe nanowires

We report the evidence of CdSe quantum dot (QD) insertion in single defect-free ZnSe nanowire. These nanowires have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy in vapour-liquid-solid growth mode catalysed with gold particles. We developed a two-step process allowing us to grow very thin (from 15 to 5 nm) defect-free ZnSe nanowire on top of a nanoneedle, where all defects are localised. The CdSe QDs are incorporated to the defect-free nanowires part. Owing to the extraction efficiency of the nanowires and the reduced number of stacking fault defects in the two-step-process nanowires, a very efficient photoluminescence is observed even on isolated single nanowire. Time-resolved photoluminescence and correlation photon give evidences that the bright photon emission is related to the CdSe QD.     

ZnO纳米线的低温生长及其发光特性

采用电场辅助电化学沉积的方法在阳极氧化铝模板中沉积出ZnO纳米线阵列.透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射测试结果表明,制备的纳米线是单晶ZnO纳米线,形貌均匀,直径大约为60nm,并且择优于(101)晶面.对生长过程中所加的辅助电场的作用给出了初步解释.光致发光谱表明,在350～650nm范围内存在一个很宽的发光峰.     

ZnO纳米线的低温生长及其发光特性

采用电场辅助电化学沉积的方法在阳极氧化铝模板中沉积出ZnO纳米线阵列.透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射测试结果表明,制备的纳米线是单晶ZnO纳米线,形貌均匀,直径大约为60nm,并且择优于(101)晶面.对生长过程中所加的辅助电场的作用给出了初步解释.光致发光谱表明,在350～650nm范围内存在一个很宽的发光峰.     

III–V semiconductor nanowires for optoelectronic device applications

Semiconductor nanowires have recently emerged as a new class of materials with significant potential to reveal new fundamental physics and to propel new applications in quantum electronic and optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor nanowires show exceptional promise as nanostructured materials for exploring physics in reduced dimensions and in complex geometries, as well as in one-dimensional nanowire devices. They are compatible with existing semiconductor technologies and can be tailored into unique axial and radial heterostructures. In this contribution we review the recent efforts of our international collaboration which have resulted in significant advances in the growth of exceptionally high quality III–V nanowires and nanowire heterostructures, and major developments in understanding the electronic energy landscapes of these nanowires and the dynamics of carriers in these nanowires using photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence and terahertz conductivity spectroscopy.     

Photoluminescence Properties of a Nearly Intrinsic Single InN Nanowire

In this paper, the achievement of nearly intrinsic InN nanowire is reported. With the use of an in situ deposited In seeding layer, nearly defect‐free, non‐tapered InN nanowires are grown directly on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence emission of a single InN nanowire is analyzed, which exhibits, for the first time, a very narrow (～13 meV) spectral linewidth, a clear band filling effect with the increase of excitation power, and a significant red shift of the peak energy with increasing temperature. Detailed analysis confirms the InN nanowire has a very low residual doping of ～1 × 10¹⁶ cm^?3, or less. It is further suggested that there is a small, or negligible level of electron accumulation at the lateral nonpolar surfaces of nearly intrinsic InN nanowires, which is in direct contrast to the commonly observed surface electron accumulation of n‐type degenerate InN.     

Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dye‐Sensitized SnO2 Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors

Electron transfer from excited dye molecules (chlorophyll or fluorescein) to a semiconductor is demonstrated by photoaction and photoluminescence spectra on field‐effect transistors consisting of dye‐sensitized individual SnO₂ nanowires. The photoaction spectrum shows a much better resolution for nanowires non‐covalently functionalized with dye molecules than for dyes deposited on SnO₂ nanoparticle‐films. Possible reasons for the deviation between the photoaction spectra and ordinary optical absorption spectra as well as for the current‐tail appearing along the falling edge are addressed. In dye‐sensitized nanowires, electron transfer from photo‐excited dyes to nanowires is analyzed by comparing gate‐voltage dependences in photoaction and photoluminescence spectra. The importance of this study is in the understanding of electron injection and recombination provided, as well as the performance optimization of nanowire‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells.     

An Evanescent Coupling Approach for Optical Characterization of ZnO Nanowires

使用纳米氧化硅光纤探针,利用倏逝波耦合方法,将紫外到红外的激光成功地耦合进单根ZnO纳米线,耦合效率可达25%.实验观测了单根纳米线的荧光特性,发现ZnO纳米线光传输损耗很低.研究证明:采用透镜聚焦激发纳米线发光的传统耦合方法,只能使用特殊激发波长的光;而倏逝波耦合方法具有高效、适用性强的特点,在半导体纳米线和纳米带的光学特性研究中有广泛的应用前景.     

一种背栅极冷阴极器件中纳米线表面电场的分析

利用静电场理论计算了背栅极冷阴极器件的纳米线附近电场,给出电场分布的表示式及J-V曲线,并分析了几何参数对纳米线顶端表面电场的影响.结果表明,纳米线顶端表面产生巨大的电场,随着离纳米线顶端表面距离的增大,电场迅速下降;纳米线突出栅孔的长度(L-d1)越大,纳米线半径r0、栅孔半径R以及栅极与阳极间距d2越小,则纳米线顶端表面电场越强,而d2较大时d2对表面电场的影响很弱;纳米线顶端边缘电流密度J随着阳极与栅极电压的增加而指数增大.     

ZnO纳米线光学特性测试的倏逝波耦合

使用纳米氧化硅光纤探针,利用倏逝波耦合方法,将紫外到红外的激光成功地耦合进单根ZnO纳米线,耦合效率可达25%.实验观测了单根纳米线的荧光特性,发现ZnO纳米线光传输损耗很低.研究证明:采用透镜聚焦激发纳米线发光的传统耦合方法,只能使用特殊激发波长的光;而倏逝波耦合方法具有高效、适用性强的特点,在半导体纳米线和纳米带的光学特性研究中有广泛的应用前景.     

Composite system based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and GaAs nanowires

The possibility of fabricating a composite system based on colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and GaAs nanowires is demonstrated and the structural and emission properties of this system are investigated by electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. The good wettability and developed surface of the nanowire array lead to an increase in the surface density of quantum dots and, as a consequence, in the luminosity of the system in the 600-nm wavelength region. The photoluminescence spectrum of the quantum dots exhibits good temperature stability in the entire range 10–295 K. The impact of surface states on energy relaxation and the role of exciton states in radiative recombination in the quantum dots are discussed.