基于非理想CSI的下行MU-MIMO鲁棒波束成形

在下行多用户多入多出（MU-MIMO）系统中,基站（BS）所获得的非理想信道状态信息（CSI）会导致频分双工（FDD）系统预编码性能变差.现有的MU-MIMO鲁棒预编码算法虽然可以对抗非理想CSI所导致的系统性能损失,但其只考虑其中一种或两种信道误差的鲁棒性,因此系统性能提升有限.本文通过建立包含信道估计误差、量化误差和延时误差的联合信道误差模型,推导出具有集中式特性的基于最小均方误差（MMSE）的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解;随后将这种信道条件应用到分布式通信系统,并推导出具有分布式特性的基于信号泄露的MMSE的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解.数值分析表明,本文所提的集中式和分布式MU-MIMO波束成形算法,与只考虑量化误差的鲁棒MMSE算法相比,具有更优的系统和速率与误码率,补偿了上述三种信道误差所导致的预编码性能损失.     

Adaptive bit allocation scheme in multi-cell cooperative block diagonalization systems with delayed and limited feedback

In multi-cell cooperative multi-input multi-output(MIMO) systems,base station(BS) can exchange and utilize channel state information(CSI) of adjacent cell users to manage co-channel interference.Users quantize the CSIs of desired channel and interference channels using finite-rate feedback links,then BS can generate cooperative block diagonalization(BD) precoding matrices using the obtained quantized CSI at transmitter to supress co-channel interference.In this paper,a novel adaptive bit allocation scheme is proposed to minimize the rate loss due to imperfect CSI.We derive the closed-form expression of rate loss caused by both channel delay and limited feedback.Based on the derived rate loss expression,the proposed scheme can adaptively allocate more bits to quantize the better channels with smaller delays and fewer bits to worse channels with larger delays.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme yields higher performance than other allocation schemes.     

Practical robust uniform channel decomposition scheme for CSI mismatch in limited feedback MIMO systems

Uniform channel decomposition (UCD) has been proven to be optimal in bit error rate (BER) performance and strictly capacity lossless when perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be available at both the transmitter and receiver side. In practice, CSI can be obtained by channel estimation at receiver and conveyed to transmitter via a limited-rate feedback channel. In such case, the implementation of traditional UCD by treating the imperfect CSI as perfect CSI cause significant performance degradation due to inevitable channel estimation error and vector quantization error. To overcome this problem, a practical robust UCD scheme was proposed in this paper, which includes two steps, firstly, a matching architecture was proposed to eliminate the mismatch between CSI at receiver (CSIR) and CSI at transmitter (CSIT), secondly, an MMSE based robust UCD scheme considering channel estimation error and vector quantization error as an integral part of the design was derived. Simulation results show that the proposed practical robust UCD scheme is capable of improving the BER performance greatly in the context of channel estimation error and vector quantization error compared with the traditional UCD scheme.     

Tomlinson-Harashima precoding with partial channel knowledge

We consider minimum mean-square error Tomlinson-Harashima (MMSE-TH) precoding for time-varying frequency-selective channels. We assume that the receiver estimates the channel and sends the channel state information (CSI) estimate to the transmitter through a lossless feedback channel that introduces a certain delay. Thus, the CSI mismatch at the receiver is due to estimation errors, while the CSI mismatch at the transmitter is due to both estimation errors and channel time variations. We exploit a priori statistical channel knowledge, and we derive an optimal TH precoder, adopting a Bayesian approach. We use simulations to compare the performance of the so-derived TH precoder with that of the same-complexity MMSE decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). We observe that for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and sufficiently slow channel time variations, the optimal TH precoder outperforms the DFE, while at high SNR, the opposite happens.     

上行多用户MIMO中继系统中基于不完全信道状态信息的预编码算法

论文研究了存在信道估计误差及天线相关条件下,上行多用户MIMO中继系统的预编码问题,目标是提升系统的误比特率性能。针对基于放大转发中继技术的上行多用户MIMO中继系统,考虑源-中继和中继-目的端信道中存在的信道估计误差及天线相关,提出一种基于不完全信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)的预编码设计方案。首先根据最小均方误差(Minimum Mean-Squared Error, MMSE)准则设计代价函数,以发射端和中继端最大功率为约束条件,通过理论推导求得中继端和发射端的线性预编码矩阵,最后采用迭代下降法得到接收端处理矩阵的闭式解。数值仿真结果表明,在存在信道估计误差和天线相关的条件下,与现有算法相比,所提算法能有效降低系统的误比特率。     

存在估计误差的有限反馈MIMO性能分析

考虑的是利用有限反馈技术的下行多用户多天线系统。接收端通过信道估计获得信道状态信息,采用随机矢量量化信道信息并反馈码子的序号,发送端利用部分信道信息,采用波束成型的预编码技术实现多用户数据传输。考虑接收端信道估计存在误差,并对由此带来的系统性能影响进行分析,给出吞吐率损失的上界,以及使有限反馈系统保持固定空分复用增益,信道估计误差方差的限制条件和反馈比特数随发送功率的变化关系。     

多波束移动卫星系统的自适应开环预编码方法

对于卫星移动通信系统,由于卫星与地面终端之间的相对运动以及星地间传输延迟,传统的基于理想信道信息的预编码方法是不适用的。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于开环信道估计的预编码方法。卫星端利用开环获取的部分信道信息实现多波束联合预编码,并导出了系统传输速率的闭合解析表达式。此外,为了克服强干扰环境下多波束预编码系统性能恶化问题,提出了一种自适应预编码传输方法。卫星发射机依据开环获得的慢时变用户位置信道信息和信道统计量信息,自适应地选择预编码方法或传统频率复用方法,实现最优的系统性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与传统的干扰抑制方法相比,所提方法能实现更优的系统性能,同时也克服了传统预编码方法的局限性。     

Interference mitigation using transmitter filters in CDMA systems

We consider the use of transmitter filters as pre-equalizers at the base station to mitigate the interference in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems over a multipath fading channel. It is shown that the interference at the receiver of the mobile station can be mitigated by the transmitter filters and, thereby, the capacity of downlink channel can be improved. The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming technique in antenna arrays has been utilized to find the coefficients of the interference mitigation (IM) transmitter filters. To design IM transmitter filters, we assume that the channel information is available. This can be true in the time-division duplexing (TDD) mode because of the channel reciprocity. In the frequency-division duplexing mode, the downlink channel impulse responses (CIRs) shall be be transmitted to the base station. To transmit the CIRs, we consider an encoding method. In addition, to compensate inherent feedback delay, the channel prediction is also utilized     

Robust beamforming in the MISO downlink with quadratic channel estimation and optimal training

Estimation of the channel state information (CSI) in quadratic form (i.e., quadratic channel estimation) in the downlink can be performed at the base station by using the relayed signals from the mobile users, which facilitates optimization with transmitter CSI. In this letter, the condition for the optimal training sequence for quadratic channel estimation in a multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) antenna system in the downlink is first obtained. The mean-square-error (MSE) in the CSI estimate is then analyzed. Based on the quadratic CSI estimates, a robust beamforming optimization algorithm to minimize the base station power while achieving individual users' quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, measured by the MSE in data reception, is proposed.     

信道反馈延迟时MIMO中继系统的线性预编码算法

针对采用放大转发(Amplify and Forward, AF)中继技术的多入多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)系统, 考虑信道估计误差及反馈存在延迟的情况, 提出一种基于最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Squared Error, MMSE)准则的预编码设计方案.假设基站-中继端及中继端-终端的信道均存在估计误差与反馈延迟, 在基站和中继端功率都受限条件下, 以MMSE为准则, 推导得到了基站预编码矩阵、中继转发矩阵和终端解码矩阵的闭式解.数值仿真结果表明, 该方案所提出的预编码算法能有效地改善系统的误比特率与均方误差.     

统计和瞬时CSI混合的3D MIMO预编码

本文针对分别具有统计信道状态信息（Channel State Information,CSI）和瞬时CSI的用户,研究了两类用户在三维多输入多输出（Three-Dimension Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,3D MIMO）系统中的下行链路传输模式,解决了混合利用统计和瞬时CSI的下行预编码的设计问题。利用3D MIMO信道的克罗内克积的性质,提出了一种用于最小化基站总发射功率的扩展迫零预编码的方法,并分别求解其最优水平预编码矩阵和最优垂直预编码矩阵。仿真结果表明,该方案具有更低的复杂度和良好的速率。      

Hybrid beamforming design based on unsupervised machine learning for millimeter wave systems

This article proposes a hybrid beamforming design with reduced channel state information (CSI) feedback. We use a beam sweeping procedure to provide channel measurements and feed a CSI report scheme. Thereby, the base station (BS) can perform an adequate estimation of the channel characteristics with reduced signaling overhead. Consequently, we need short pilot sequences and very few precoding matrix indicators (PMIs) to properly describe channel behavior. Moreover, we also evaluate different user selection strategies based on unsupervised machine learning framework that exploits the channel information provided by the proposed beam sweeping scheme. Our performance evaluation indicates that the user selection based on fuzzy c‐means is able to efficiently explore the reduced CSI. The proposed hybrid beamforming scheme reduces the multi‐user interference and achieves significant gains in total data rate as channel conditions and interference environment becomes more challenging.     

Clustered linear precoding for downlink network MIMO systems with partial CSI

We propose two novel clustered linear precoding schemes applicable to network multi‐input multi‐output systems using only partial channel state information to enhance the sum‐rate of the system. Using a channel model that decomposes a multi‐input multi‐output channel matrix into transmit and receive steering vectors and assuming that only transmit steering vectors are available at the base transmit stations, we, first, propose a regularized channel inversion precoding scheme to enhance the sum‐rate assuming only single‐antenna users are available in the system. Next, because of the limitation of regularized channel inversion to handle users with multiple receive antennas, a novel block diagonalization method is proposed. We construct the precoding matrices that jointly eliminate inter‐cell interference and maximize the sum‐rate for a given input covariance matrix. Assuming total power constraint and per‐base‐station power constraints, optimal power allocation schemes are further developed to optimize the sum‐rate. We analytically show that the sum‐rate increases linearly with the number of users when only single‐antenna users are present in the system. Numerical results show that at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, the block diagonalization precoding outperforms the regularized channel inversion in terms of the bit error rate; while at high signal‐to‐noise ratios, the regularized channel inversion provides a better performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Partial CSI Estimation Approach for Downlink FDD massive-MIMO System with Different Base Transceiver Station Topologies

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive-MIMO) is a promising technology for next generation wireless communications systems due to its capability to increase the data rate and meet the enormous ongoing data traffic explosion. However, in non-reciprocal channels, such as those encountered in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, channel state information (CSI) estimation using downlink (DL) training sequence is to date very challenging issue, especially when the channel exhibits a shorter coherence time. In particular, the availability of sufficiently accurate CSI at the base transceiver station (BTS) allows an efficient precoding design in the DL transmission to be achieved, and thus, reliable communication systems can be obtained. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, this paper presents a feasible DL training sequence design based on a partial CSI estimation approach for an FDD massive-MIMO system with a shorter coherence time. To this end, a threshold-based approach is proposed for a suitable DL pilot selection by exploring the statistical information of the channel covariance matrix. The mean square error of the proposed design is derived, and the achievable sum rate and bit-error-rate for maximum ratio transmitter and regularized zero forcing precoding is investigated over different BTS topologies with uniform linear array and uniform rectangular array. The results show that a feasible performance in the DL FDD massive-MIMO systems can be achieved even when a large number of antenna elements are deployed by the BTS and a shorter coherence time is considered.

     

Robust Tomlinson–Harashima Precoding for the Wireless Broadcast Channel

Previous designs of Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) for the broadcast channel with multiple (cooperative) transmitters and noncooperative (decentralized) scalar receivers assume complete channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Due to its nonlinearity, THP is more sensitive to errors in CSI at the transmitter than linear precoding, which may be large in wireless communications. Thus, THP performance degrades severely-and it is even outperformed by corresponding linear precoders. We propose a novel robust optimization for THP with partial CSI based on mean-square error (MSE), which performs a conditional mean (CM) estimate of the cost function including a novel model of the receivers. This enables a smooth transition of robust THP from complete, via partial, to statistical CSI. The performance is now always superior or in the worst case equal to corresponding linear precoding techniques. With these features, the proposed robust THP is very attractive for application in the wireless broadcast channel     

Exact bit-error rate analysis for the combined system of beamforming and Alamouti's space-time block code

The simplest Alamouti's space-time block code can be coupled with more than two transmit antennas via the beamforming technique to enhance the performance gain without code rate reduction. Beamforming is performed at the transmitter, dependent on the channel state information (CSI) which is obtained by using feedback through a feedback link or estimated using reciprocity in duplexing schemes. In this letter, we derived the exact bit-error rate for the combined system with two transmit and one receive antennas in slow Rayleigh flat fading channels. It is assumed that the receiver has the perfect CSI. The expression can be easily extended to more than two transmit antennas.     

Cooperative MIMO precoding for the LTE-A D2D communications

In the current deployed 4G long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) system, it adopts the precoding matrix to reduce the effect of the channel fading and improve the system capacity. Besides, a new technique of the device to device (D2D) communication enables the mobile devices using the LTE radio spectrum directly to communicate with each other. In this paper, two precoding selection methods are proposed for the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) D2D communications. The proposed methods adopt the subset and iterative concept to complete the precoding selection. Besides, a resource selection method is also provided for the D2D transmitter to select an appropriate spectrum resource among the nearby users served by the base station. Combined the resource selection with the proposed D2D precoding selection methods, both simulations and experiments demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed methods.     

Rateless coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system design based on intercarrier interference self‐cancelation

In this paper, we consider a rateless coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system under a quasistatic fading channel. During each transmission round, transmitter keeps transmitting to the receiver using Raptor code until the receiver feeds back an acknowledgement (ACK). On the other hand, frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver ruins the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers and cause intercarrier interference (ICI). We resort to ICI self‐cancelation precoding to combat ICI, wherein the data symbol vectors are multiplied with some precoding matrix before transmission. To improve the system robustness, we jointly optimize the precoding matrix and the degree profile of Raptor code, with only statistical channel state information (CSI) being assumed at the transmitter. The optimization problem is formulated based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis of the decoding process at the receiver. The advantage of the proposed design is that the instant CSI is not required at the transmitter, which reduces the system overhead. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme with the optimized precoding matrix and degree profile can effectively combat ICI and achieve good performance both in bit error ratio (BER) and average transmission rate.     

空间相关莱斯衰落信道下基于部分信道信息的多用户预编码与调度算法

在空间相关的莱斯衰落信道模型下,针对多用户MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)系统潜在的多用户分集增益和空间分集增益,该文提出了一种基于部分信道信息的多用户预编码与调度算法。结合部分瞬时信道信息和统计信息,利用约束最大似然估计对各用户信道矢量进行估计,然后利用估计的各用户信道调度多个用户进行预编码。仿真结果表明,该方案以较少的反馈开销,获得了较大的性能增益。     

Interpolation Based Unitary Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing MIMO-OFDM With Limited Feedback

Spatial multiplexing with linear precoding is a simple technique for achieving high spectral efficiency in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Linear precoding requires channel state information for each OFDM subcarrier, which can be achieved using feedback. To reduce the amount of feedback, this paper proposes a limited feedback architecture that combines precoder quantization with a special matrix interpolator. In the proposed system, the receiver sends information about a fraction of the precoding matrices to the transmitter and the transmitter reconstructs the precoding matrices for all the subcarriers. A new interpolator is proposed inspired by spherical interpolation that respects the orthogonal columns of the precoding matrices and the performance invariance to right multiplication by a unitary matrix. The interpolator is parameterized by a set of unitary matrices; a construction of a suitable set is briefly described. Simulations illustrate the performance of limited feedback precoding with coding, estimation or prediction error, and time variation for bit error rate (BER), mutual information, and mean squared error (MSE)