黄粉虫营养成分的分析研究

为解决饲养广西特产经济动物蛤蚧的饲料难题,我们从北京动物园引进黄粉虫TenebriomolitorL．繁殖饲养蛤蚧获得成功。经多年试验证明,用黄粉虫喂养蛤蚧生长快,个体肥,特别秋末春初更为突出,一般每条蛤蚧月增重1．7～18．8g,比用灯光诱虫或用蝗虫、蝇蛆喂养的效果好[1]。目前许多单位利用黄粉虫喂养蝎子、蛤蚧、龟、鸟、蜈蚣、牛娃等经济动物效果很好,为了进一步开发利用这一优良昆虫饲料,对它的营养成分进行测定分析,测定结果如下。1材料与方法采用继代繁殖后的成熟幼虫、蛹、成虫进行测定分析。饲养堂为4×6m2的平房。一般温度在1…     

黄粉虫幼虫营养成分分析和保健功能的实验研究

对黄粉虫幼虫干粉的营养成分分析显示,其蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别占干重的５９．７０％和５９．５９％;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的７７．０５％,其中仅亚油酸就占总脂肪酸含量的４１．７０％。有饰物 含量均低于国家标准。有机硒含量高达３４μｇ／１００ｇ。维生素Ａ和Ｅ含量分别为３３７和８９８μｇ／１００ｇ。实验表明,干粉液无毒性。具有较好的抗疲劳,延缓衰老和降低血清胆固醇的功能,并能提高小鼠外周淋巴细胞转化率     

野生湖南山核桃的营养成分研究

对野生湖南山核桃果仁的油脂及其组分、总糖、蛋白质及其氨基酸组成、维生素E、维生素B1、钙、铁、锌、铜、钼等元素含量进行分析.果仁中粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白质、维生素E、维生素B1的含量分别为56.57%、3.51%、8.18%、3.06 mg/100 g和1.19 mg/100 g;钙、铁、锌、铜、钼元素含量的含量分别为114.6 mg/100 g、3.26 mg/100g、5.14 mg/100g、1.69 mg/100g和0.12 mg/100g.果仁的脂肪主要由软脂酸、油酸,亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸组成,其含量分别为6.41%,71.80%,19.28%,1.82%和0.69%;果仁中蛋白质氨基酸有16种,其中9种人体必需氨基酸都含有.     

桂花籽中脂肪酸成分、氨基酸及矿物质含量分析

目的:通过研究桂花籽脂肪酸成分、氨基酸、矿物质元素含量,为桂花籽资源利用开发提供理论依据.方法:以八月桂桂花籽为实验材料,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析桂花籽脂肪酸成分、凯氏定氮分析蛋白质含量及氨基酸自动分析仪快速分析16种氨基酸含量、电感耦合原子发射光谱仪分析6种微量元素含量.结果:桂花籽中脂肪酸主要成分油酸(5.91...     

双孢蘑菇野生种质资源营养成分分析与评价

为了评价双孢蘑菇野生种质资源的营养成分,筛选具有较好或特殊营养成分的种质,为双孢蘑菇育种提供科学的参考依据。以3份主栽品种为对照,分析评价了93份双孢蘑菇野生种质材料的蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪酸的营养成分含量,并以营养成分含量均高于均值为依据筛选营养高效均衡的种质资源。结果表明,双孢蘑菇野生种质的蛋白质含量为29.50-37.60 g/100g,必需氨基酸含量为4.51-8.89 g/100g,必需氨基酸的比例为24.69%-40.59%,亚油酸含量为4086.55-14190.28 mg/kg,不饱和脂肪酸的比例为77.63%-87.47%。氨基酸的平均变异系数21.05%,亚油酸的变异系数22.93%。93份双孢蘑菇野生种质资源中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量存在丰富的变异,基于实验结果筛选到14份营养高效均衡的种质资源,可为双孢蘑菇品质提升定向育种提供亲本材料。     

食用仙人掌的营养成分分析

对新近引进的菜用品种－米邦塔仙人掌进行了营养成分（维生素Ｃ、β－胡萝卡素、矿物质、水溶性氨基酸、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、有机酸、可溶性糖等）的分析,并与经常食用的结球甘蓝、生菜及黄瓜作了比较。结果表明：米邦塔仙人掌中的钾、钙、铜、铁、锰、锶及硅的含量较高,尤以钙、钾的含量明显高于其它蔬菜,且不含草酸;水溶性氨基酸以酷氨酸为主;另外还含有丰富的黄酮类物质。     

黄粉虫蛋白资源的利用研究概况

综述了黄粉虫蛋白的营养价值、食用安全性、蛋白的提取及其在食品、饲料、医药等方面开发应用的研究进展,指出存在问题,并提出相应对策,旨在为研发新的黄粉虫蛋白产品提供参考。     

柠条种子营养成分测定与分析

报道了柠条种子内脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸的组成成分及其含量,同时也测定了微量矿质元素Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｏ等、单宁、Ｖｃ。并对柠条种子的深加工利用做了初步探讨,证明柠条种子是具有开发潜力的生物资源。     

黄粉虫复合氨基酸的提取及氨基酸虫酒的制作

本研究在对黄粉虫幼虫所含的复合氨基酸3种提取方法及其所制成的氨基酸虫酒进行分析比较的基础上,得出最佳方案和数据：用酶解法处理虫浆可得到占干虫重31.5％酶解滤粉和31.06％复合氨基酸粉,是用水解法提取出复合氨基酸粉的2.1倍。在虫体原料重量相同的条件下,酶解滤粉酒中复合氨基酸浓度分别是水解滤粉酒和虫粉酒中复合氨基酸浓度的2.7和13倍。若制成氨基酸浓度为5mp／mL的虫酒,仅需幼虫21.5g,折合成用虫成本费0.5元左右。     

黄粉虫的研究

黄粉虫的幼虫是一种可开发利用的动物性蛋白饲料。本文报道了此虫的生物学特性、温湿度及食料与其生长发育、生殖的关系和饲养技术。     

我国黄粉虫的营养价值和饲养方法

对我国黄粉虫Tenebriomolitor (L .)的人工饲养、营养价值现状以及当前开发利用研究的热点问题等方面进行了较全面的概括 ,并针对今后的研究工作和规模化生产提出了一些建议。     

Material Benefits from Multiple Mating in Female Mealworm Beetles (Tenebrio molitor L.)

In yellow mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor), females are sexually receptive throughout their adult lives. We examined how access to mates affected female fecundity by varying the number of matings per female and quantifying cumulative egg production. Also, we dissected females at successive intervals after a single mating to assess the relationship among time since mating, sperm supplies, egg load, and oviposition rate. Females that mated at intervals greater than 2 days did not produce as many eggs as females that mated every 2 days or were allowed to mate ad libitum. Dissections showed that the amount of sperm remaining in a female spermatheca was correlated with the number of eggs she had laid recently, which suggests sperm replenishment as the material benefit gained through multiple mating. However, females mate more frequently than necessary for sperm replenishment, and therefore material benefits alone may not fully explain the continuous receptivity of T. molitor females.     

黄粉虫防卫物质苯醌的测定及其去除

采用分光光度法测定了黄粉虫的防卫毒素苯醌的含量。结果表明 :各虫态各性别的黄粉虫在不同发育阶段其苯醌含量均有不同 ,各虫态的苯醌含量随日龄而增大 ,雌蛹和雌成虫的苯醌含量均高于同一日龄的雄蛹和雄成虫。经刺激后各虫态的苯醌含量升高 2 0 72 %～ 41 64%,刺激后用水清洗的虫体其体内苯醌含量下降 88 2 7%～ 92 60 %;烘烤也可使苯醌大量挥发和分解 ,采用刺激 -水洗 -研磨 -烘烤工艺处理幼虫可清除 94 3 0 %苯醌 ,此法可为保障黄粉虫作为饲用昆虫的安全性提供依据     

黄粉虫防御性分泌物抑菌活性的研究

目的:研究黄粉虫防御性分泌物的化学成分及其抑菌活性。方法:用二氯甲烷萃取分泌物并经GC/MS分析,后用牛津杯法和平板连续稀释法分别就该分泌物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母、黑曲霉、桔青霉的抑菌作用及2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品对上述供试菌的最低抑菌浓度进行测定和比较。结果:分泌物含2-甲基对苯醌、对甲酚和正二十三烷等7种成分,抑菌强度:桔青霉>大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌>白色假丝酵母>黑曲霉。结论:该分泌物对这5种供试菌的抑制效果优于2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品。     

饲养条件对黄粉虫幼虫生长及存活的影响

采用5因素2次正交旋转组合设计,以黄粉虫幼虫饲养过程中饲养温度(X1)、相对湿度(X2)、虫粪筛除频率(X3)、饲养密度(X4)以及饲料含水量(X5)5因素为参试因素,考查它们对黄粉虫高龄幼虫的生长及存活的影响,建立并进行了简化得到了以黄粉虫幼虫增重率及死亡率为目标函数的回归模型：Y增＝127．5079 18．6559x5 2．7894x3x4-2．3854x3x5-3．0594x1^2 1．824lx3^2-3．8559x5^2;y死＝1．7459 0．4l08x1 0．0975x2 0．9025x4 0．3442x5 0．0834x1^2 0．3060x4^2-0．2623x5^2。分析结果表明：影响黄粉虫幼虫生长后期增重及死亡的主要因素分别为饲料含水量和饲养密度;饲料含水量和温度对黄粉虫增重有着重要的影响,饲养密度、温度、饲料含水量对黄粉虫的死亡有着重要的影响,其影响均达1％或5％显著水平;推荐的饲养条件为：温度24—27℃、相对湿度64％一70％、筛粪频率2—4d／次、饲养密度0．42-0．49g／cm^2、饲料含水量l3．48％-l7．48％。     

泰山虫草对黄粉虫的侵染特性研究

报道了用泰山虫草分生孢子悬浮液接种活体黄粉虫,提取被侵染的黄粉虫体液,并测定不同侵染时间虫体液中酶活性的动态变化。结果表明:泰山虫草分生孢子能成功的侵染黄粉虫并长出子座;接种第2~4 d后即可导致黄粉虫体内活性发生不同程度的变化,说明黄粉虫具有独特的防御病原微生物的侵染机制。     

Dietary inclusion of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal as an alternative protein source in practical diets for juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8‐week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the potential of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as a locally available nutrient‐rich feedstuff for juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Experimental diets containing elevated levels of mealworm meal (WM) supplemented with synthetic methionine were formulated to be isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic to a WM‐free fishmeal (FM) based control diet (designated as WM0, WM8, WM16, WM24 and WM32, respectively). To determine the necessity of dietary methionine supplementation at the highest inclusion of WM, a diet was prepared to contain 32% WM without methionine supplementation (WM32‐AA). Triplicate groups of rockfish juveniles (Mean ± S.E.; 3.11 ± 0.01 g) were fed one of the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Fish growth performance in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate increased with increasing dietary inclusion of WM from 0 to 16% and then tended to decrease with further increase in dietary WM levels to 32%. Protein retention (PR) values followed the same trend as growth rates with the highest values found in fish offered WM16 diet. Although fish fed WM32‐AA diet showed significantly lower growth rate and PR values compared to those fed WM16 diet, their performance was still comparable to that of the WM‐free control group. Plasma triglyceride level was negatively affected by dietary WM inclusion and the lowest values were observed in the WM32‐AA group. Whole‐body and fillet proximate and essential amino acid compositions were not altered by dietary treatment and these values were comparable to those of the WM0 group. These findings suggested that WM might prove to be a promising alternative to FM in practical diets for juvenile rockfish and could be used at an inclusion level of up to 32% without having any adverse consequences for the health and performance of the fish. Although the diet containing 32% WM seemed to support a performance similar to that of the control diet, the recommended dietary inclusion level was no more than 16% of the diet dry matter.     

黄粉虫成虫繁殖力及影响幼虫发育的因素

对单配或一雄多雌或经历不同交配历期的雌黄粉虫 Ｔｅｎｅｂｒｉｏ ｍｏｌｉｔｏｒ Ｌ．产卵量进行了研究,以期了解两性的繁殖力,为雌虫多产高质量卵提供科学依据。在幼虫期添加少量鲜马铃薯可极大地促进其生长。适当的高密度和不筛粪有利于低龄幼虫生长,４０日龄以后应定期筛粪并添加新饲料。幼虫的最适密度取决于其拥有的饲料量。幼虫生态生长效率高达３１．８％。