乳腺癌彩色多普勒血流成像与雌激素受体、人表皮生长因子受体2、p53和Ki-67的相关性分析

目的 分析乳腺癌彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)特征与雌激素受体(ER)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、p53及Ki-67的相关性.方法 分析76例乳腺癌患者的CDFI特征(肿瘤直径、边缘毛刺征、微钙化、血流分级、淋巴结转移、后方回声衰减),并采用Spearman法分析乳腺癌CDFI特征与ER、HER2、p53及Ki-67的相关性.结果 乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER、HER2、p53及Ki-67阳性表达率分别为73.68％(56/76)、60.53％(46/76)、48.68％(37/76)、40.79％(31/76),其中ER阳性表达率最高,Ki-67阳性表达率最低.有边缘毛刺征、血流分级为0～1级、有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER阳性表达率均高于无边缘毛刺征、血流分级为2～3级、无淋巴结转移者(P﹤0.05).有微钙化、血流分级为2～3级、有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HER2阳性表达率均高于无微钙化、血流分级为0～1级、无淋巴结转移者(P﹤0.05).血流分级为2～3级、有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中p53及Ki-67阳性表达率均高于血流分级为0～1级、无淋巴结转移者(P﹤0.05).乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER阳性表达率与肿瘤边缘毛刺征、淋巴结转移均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),与血流分级呈负相关(P﹤0.05),而与肿瘤直径、微钙化、后方回声衰减均无相关性(P﹥0.05).乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HER2阳性表达率与肿瘤微钙化、血流分级、淋巴结转移均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),而与肿瘤直径、边缘毛刺征、后方回声衰减均无相关性(P﹥0.05).乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中p53、Ki-67阳性表达率与血流分级、淋巴结转移均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),而与肿瘤直径边缘毛刺征、微钙化、后方回声衰减均无相关性(P﹥0.05).结论 乳腺癌患者CDFI特征与ER、HER2、p53及Ki-67阳性表达存在一定的相关性,在预测乳腺癌生物学特性中具有一定的指导价值.     

乳腺癌雌孕激素受体与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及相关分析

目的观察乳腺癌组织中雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及其相互关系,及乳腺癌淋巴结转移与基因表达关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对85例乳腺癌进行了ER、PR、CerbB-2、p53、nm23检测,结果作统计学分析.结果(1)ER、PR阳性表达率分别为63.52%和72.94%;(2)C-erbB-2、p53、nm23的表达率各为68.23%、32.94%、63.52%;(3)ER、PR阳性患者的C-erbB-2或p53的阳性表达明显低于ER、PR阴性患者(P＜0.05);(4)淋巴结有转移的乳腺癌患者nm23阳性表达明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者(P＜0.05),p53表达则在有淋巴结转移者的乳癌中表达高(P＜0.01).结论ER、PR与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23这两种不同特性产物在乳腺癌组织中有一定的内在联系,p53、nm23的阳性表达对判断乳癌的肿瘤转移及预后有重要意义.     

雌激素受体、孕激素受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达及与临床特征和预后的关系

目的 研究雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)在子宫内膜癌(EC)中的表达及与临床特征及预后的关系.方法 收集100例EC患者手术后石蜡包埋EC组织标本100例,另取同期因其他妇科疾病切除的子宫内膜组织标本100例作为对照.所有标本均进行免疫组化检测,观察其中ER、PR阳性表达情况,并分析ER、PR表达与临床特征的关系及相关性,统计术后1年患者的生存情况.结果 EC组织中ER、PR及双阳性表达率均明显低于子宫内膜组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).不同肌肉浸润程度、国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、组织学分级及是否有淋巴结转移EC患者的EC组织中ER、PR及双阳性表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).ER、PR及双阳性表达均与EC患者肌肉浸润程度、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移呈负相关(P﹤0.05).ER阳性与阴性、PR阳性与阴性、ER和PR双阳性与双阴性EC患者生存情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 ER、PR在EC组织中表达下调,ER、PR表达与EC患者肌肉浸润程度、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移有一定相关性,与预后无关.ER、PR的表达对评估患者疾病严重程度有一定的帮助.     

C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌中的表达及相关性

目的探讨C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床病理特征之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测72例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF表达情况,并结合临床病理特征进行相关性分析。结果乳腺癌患者C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF阳性表达率分别为47.2%、48.6%、56.9%、65.3%。C-erbB-2、p53表达与淋巴结转移、雌激素受体、孕激素受体相关(P<0.05);Ki-67、VEGF与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05);ER和PR呈正相关(P<0.05);C-erbB2与ER、PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53与ER和PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53、Ki-67、VEGF之间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF检测对判断乳腺癌预后有重要意义。     

MDR、C-erbB-2和ER、PR在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌中多药耐药基因产物P170糖蛋白、癌基因c-erbB-2和雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达情况及临床意义。方法采用S-P免疫组化方法对40例乳腺癌组织进行P170、C-erbB-2和ER、．PR表达的联合检测。结果乳腺癌组织中P170、c-erbB一2和ER、PR阳性表达率分别为32．5％、35%、62．5％、30％。P170的表达与术前化疗史及腋窝淋巴结转移呈正相关，与ER、PR的表达无显著相关性。C-erbB-2表达与与腋窝淋巴结转移呈正相关，与ER、PR的表达呈负相关。ER的表达与组织学分级和腋窝淋巴结转移呈负相关，随着年龄增大表达率有升高趋势。结论P170、C-erbB-2和ER、PR与乳腺癌的发生发展有关。耐药基因P170的检测有利于指导乳腺癌的化疗和判断预后。C-erbB-2可作为判断乳腺癌预后的重要指标。ER、PR测定可判断预后，有利于选择乳腺癌内分泌治疗。     

乳腺癌雌、孕激素受体与腋淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)与淋巴结转移之间的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对257例乳腺癌组织石蜡切片进行ER、PR检测,将ER、PR结果与病理检出淋巴结的结果进行统计学分析.结果 ER、PR的阳性表达率分别为63.27%和59.27%.在ER、PR的4种组合中淋巴结转移率基本相同,经统计学处理均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论乳腺癌组织中的ER、PR阳性表达与淋巴结转移无关.ER、PR测定对指导内分泌治疗和估计预后有重要意义.     

乳腺癌nm23基因和雌、孕激素受体表达及其临床意义

[目的]研究nm23基因,雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义.[方法]应用免疫组化SP法检测60例临床及随访资料完整的乳腺癌患者标本nm23、ER、PR的表达,结合临床表现及随访结果作统计学分析.[结果]nm23、ER、PR阳性表达率分别为60.0%、73.3%、66.7%.nm23阳性表达与临床分期相关(P＜0.05).nm23基因的表达与乳腺癌远处转移及腋淋巴结转移呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与生存率呈正相关(P＜0.05).ER、PR阳性表达率与年龄、临床分期和淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05).ER、PR的阳性表达与乳腺癌远处转移呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与生存率呈正相关(P＜0.05).在判断转移和预后方面,ER( )PR( )与nm23基因阳性表达之间存在着正相关性.[结论]检测乳腺癌组织nm23、ER、PR对评价乳腺癌患者的预后和指导临床治疗有重要价值.     

120例乳腺癌中雌激素受体、孕激素受体及癌基因的表达与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2和ER,PR表达及其与临床病理关系。方法：采用免疫组化SP法,检测120例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2,ER,PR表达,分析它们之间的表达关系及其临床病理意义。结果：C-erbB-2阳性率在ER阳性组为47.60%,在ER阴性组为69.40%;C-erbB-2阳性率在PR阳性组为50.70%,在PR阴性组为69.40%;C-erbB-2总阳性率为60.83%,在无淋巴结转移组为48.55%,有淋巴结转移组为70.69%。结论：C-erbB-2与ER,PR表达呈负相关,而与淋巴结转移呈正相关;C-erbB-2过度表达预示乳腺癌预后不良。     

120例乳腺癌中雌激素受体、孕激素受体及癌基因的表达与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2和ER,PR表达及其与临床病理关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法,检测120例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2,ER,PR表达,分析它们之间的表达关系及其临床病理意义。结果:C-erbB-2阳性率在ER阳性组为47.60%,在ER阴性组为69.40%;C-erbB-2阳性率在PR阳性组为50.70%,在PR阴性组为69.40%;C-erbB-2总阳性率为60.83%,在无淋巴结转移组为48.55%,有淋巴结转移组为70.69%。结论:C-erbB-2与ER,PR表达呈负相关,而与淋巴结转移呈正相关;C-erbB-2过度表达预示乳腺癌预后不良。     

乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2与雌激素和孕激素受体的关系及意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2和ER、PR表达关系及其临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法,检测147例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2、ER、PR表达,分析它们之间的表达关系及其临床病理意义.结果:C-erbB-2阳性率在ER阳性组为47.76%,在ER阴性组为70%;C-erbB-2阳性率在PR阳性组为51.25%,在PR阴性组为70.15%;C-erbB-2总阳性为59.86%,在无淋巴结转移组为48.65%,有淋巴结转移组为71.23%.结论:C-erbB-2与ER、PR的表达呈负相关,而与淋巴结转移呈正相关;C-erbB-2的扩增和过度表达预示乳腺癌对某些治疗方案不敏感及预后不良.     

雌激素受体及孕激素受体在肝内及肝外胆管癌中的表达

 目的　对比研究雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）在肝内、外胆管癌中的表达情况。方法　应用免疫组织化学法,检测24例肝内胆管癌和34例肝外胆管癌组织中ER和PR的表达水平。结果　在肝内胆管癌中,ER和PR的阳性表达率分别为29 %（7／24）和46 %（11／24）,组织学分级高分化组的9例中3例ER阳性表达,中分化组的11例中3例阳性表达,低分化组的4例中1例阳性表达;不同分级中,PR阳性表达分别为2、7、2例,各组织学分级间ER和PR的表达差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。ER和PR在34例肝外胆管癌中均呈阴性表达。结论　ER和PR在肝内、外胆管癌中的表达水平明显不同,仅表达于肝内胆管癌,可能参与了肝内胆管癌的发生过程。     

Impact of metastatic estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status on survival

Summary Hormone responsive breast cancer is usually determined by the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) or progesterone receptors (PR) on primary invasive breast cancers. Adjuvant and metastatic hormone therapy are recommended based on primary ER and PR determination. Little information is available to determine if primary hormone receptors correlate with metastatic disease and if survival is influenced by metastatic receptor status. We retrospectively compared primary to metastatic tumor ER and PR content from 200 metastatic breast cancer patients. ER and PR analyses were available in both primary and metastatic disease in 200 and 173 patients, respectively. There was a correlation between both the ER and PR in the primary and metastatic lesion (p < 0.001). However, in 60 of 200 (30%) patients, discordance between primary and metastatic ER was noted. Tumors from 68 of 173 (39.3%) showed discordance for PR. In 39 (19.5%) patients, the ER primary status was positive and metastatic status was negative and in 21 (10.5%) patients, the primary status was negative and metastatic status was positive. Survival from the time of metastatic diagnosis was calculated. Those patients with ER positive primary and metastatic tumors (Positive/Positive) or only the metastatic lesion (Negative/Positive) had similar median survival (1131 and 1111 days, respectively). However, patients with tumors that changed from positive primary to negative metastasis (Positive/Negative) experienced significantly shorter median survival (669 days, p < 0.05). Likewise, median survival (580 days) was significantly shorter for patients with primary and metastasis ER negative (Negative/Negative, p < 0.001) compared to Positive/Positive (p < 0.001) or compared to Negative/Positive (p < 0.02). The changes in PR status were not associated with a change in survival. We found a significant discordance between hormone receptor content of primary versus metastatic breast cancer. The ER status of the metastatic lesion was a better predictor of survival. Therefore, optimal metastatic treatment cannot be determined solely on primary ER and PR analysis.     

Measurement of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in human endometrium and endometrial carcinoma

The concentration of cytosol estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the endometrium of the normal menstrual cycle and endometrial carcinoma, were measured by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) using monoclonal antibody, and were compared with Dextran Coated Charcoal (DCC) method. In DCC method, maximum binding sites were estimated according to Scatchard plot analysis. Following results were obtained in this study. 1) In the normal endometrium obtained from 20 cases, the correlation coefficients for ER and PR were 0.907 and 0.778, respectively. Regression lines were as follows; ER (EIA) = 1.68 (DCC) + 19.1 fmol/mg protein and PR (EIA) = 0.13 (DCC) + 24.8 fmol/mg protein. A good correlation was found between the two methods in ER assay. 2) In the normal menstrual cycle, DCC values and EIA values of ER were increased in proliferative phase, and were decreased in secretory phase. DCC values of PR were increased in proliferative phase and not decreased in secretory phase, but EIA values of PR were not remarkably changed. 3) In the endometrial carcinoma obtained from 14 cases, there was good correlation between EIA and DCC values in ER assay (r = 0.941), but correlation between the two methods was not found in PR assay. 4) In relation of histology, positive rates were highest in patients with well differentiated types, and in relation of clinical stage, positive rates were higher in the patients with early stages than progressive stages. These results suggest that EIA is as useful as DCC in ER assay in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma.     

激素受体ER与PR及AR在男性乳腺癌与良性病变组织中的表达

目的:探讨激素受体(ER、PR和AR)在男性乳腺癌的表达及三种受体之间表达的相关关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法对ER、PR、AR三种受体进行检测,并用SPSS软件分析各组差异。结果:ER、PR在23例男性乳腺癌患者组织中表达阳性率较良性病变低,分别为82.6%、56.5%与良性疾病相比有明显的统计学差异(OR分别为:4.32和5.25,P<0.05),AR表达与ER、PR之间表达不相关。结论:男性乳腺癌患者中ER、PR表达阳性率较良性病变低,AR表达与ER、PR之间表达不相关。     

Silencing and reactivation of the selective estrogen receptor modulator-estrogen receptor alpha complex

4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an agonist at a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) target gene in situ in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells stably transfected with wild-type human ERalpha. In contrast, raloxifene (Ral) is a complete antiestrogen silencing activation function (AF) 1 and AF2 in this system. A natural mutation D351YERalpha enhances 4-OHT agonist activity and changes Ral-like compounds from antagonists to partial agonists. We reasoned that: either the conformation of the Ral-D351YERalpha is altered, thereby reactivating AF2 in the ligand binding domain, or the change at amino acid 351 allosterically reactivates AF1 in the Ral-D351YERalpha complex. Unlike the estradiol-ERalpha complex, agonist activity of 4-OHT and raloxifene through ERalpha and D351YERalpha were not attributed to coactivator (such as SRC-1, AIB1) binding to the ligand binding domain. We conclude that the classic AF2 is not responsible for the agonist activities of 4-OHT-ERalpha, 4-OHT-D351YERalpha, and Ral-D351YERalpha. To address the role of AF1, stable transfectants of ERalpha or D351YERalpha with an AF1 deletion (D351deltaAF1, D351YdeltaAF1) were generated in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, D538A/E542A/D545A triple mutations within helix 12 (D351-3m, D351Y3m) or the COOH-terminal 537 deletion (D351delta537) were tested. The agonist activities of 4-OHT and raloxifene were lost in these stable transfectants, but antiestrogenic action was retained. The reactivation of an estrogen-like property of the Ral-ERalpha complex through AF1 with the D351Y mutation illustrates a novel allosteric mechanism for the selective estrogen receptor modulator ERalpha complex.     

Most cystosarcoma phyllodes and fibroadenomas have progesterone receptor but lack estrogen receptor: stromal localization of progesterone receptor

Biochemical study of fibroepithelial tumors of the female breast showed presence of progesterone receptor (PgR) in all five cystosarcoma phyllodes (two malignant, three benign), and in 11 of 13 fibroadenomas tested. Estrogen receptor (ER) was detected in only one of five cystosarcomas and 2 of 13 fibroadenomas. The relative volumes occupied by epithelium and stroma in each tumor were measured from histologic sections. The results were consistent with presence of PgR in the stroma and ER in the epithelium. Different types of cystosarcoma (benign and malignant) and different types of fibroadenomas (intracanalicular, pericanalicular, and mixed) did not differ significantly in content of PgR, and mean levels of PgR in cystosarcoma were comparable with those in fibroadenomas. The presence of PgR in cystosarcomas suggests that progestational therapy, and possibly other forms of hormonal therapy, should be tested in the treatment of advanced, malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes.     

骨肉瘤组织中雌、孕激素受体的表达及临床意义

目的探讨骨肉瘤组织中雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的表达及其与临床特征的关系。方法应用免疫组化改良ＳＰ方法对６５例骨肉瘤蜡块组织进行了ＥＲ、ＰＲ检测。结合临床特点进行统计学分析。所有病人术前均未接受内分泌治疗。结果骨肉瘤中ＥＲ表达的阳性率为４０％（２６／６５）,ＰＲ表达的阳性率为３２３％（２１／６５）;临床无转移,存活时间长之骨肉瘤中ＥＲ、ＰＲ表达的阳性率高于临床有转移、存活时间短者,差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜００５）;不同性别、年龄、发病部位的骨肉瘤中ＥＲ、ＰＲ表达的阳性率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论骨肉瘤中存在ＥＲ、ＰＲ,ＥＲ、ＰＲ的检测可提示为骨肉瘤生物学行为,对病人预后的评估及探讨骨肉瘤内分泌治疗提供重要的理论依据。     

Androgen receptor and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk

We study the CAG repeat region in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) and the TaqI polymorphism in exon 9 of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the association with prostate cancer. 137 incidentally discovered, histologically verified prostate cancers were analysed for CAG repeat length in AR and genotype at the TaqI site of the VDR. 124 control subjects were analysed to determine the CAG repeat length and TaqI genotype determined for 176 control subjects. An unpaired t-test shows that the mean CAG repeat length was significantly (p<0.001) shorter among cases (20.1 repeats) compared with controls (22.5 repeats). Dividing the prostate cohort and controls into tertiles (< or = 19, 20-22, > or = 23 repeats) shows that short repeats are significantly more common among cases (odds ratio (OR) 4.45, p=0.00003). Genotype frequencies for the TaqI polymorphism reveals no significant differences between cases and controls. We conclude that men with a short CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer.