世界智能材料的研究概况

概要介绍了美、日、英等国家研究智能材料的进展和成果及对未来的设想。     

用作智能材料的炭纤维

智能材料是当今世界新材料开发的热点之一.本文在介绍智能材料基本概念的基础上简述炭纤维用作红外传感材料、结构破坏传感材料及结构功能复合材料等智能材料方面的开发动态.     

智能材料结构损伤的分形神经网络诊断方法

针对智能复合材料的损伤诊断问题提出了采用人工神经网络将材料结构表面上的裂纹与材料内部的应力变化相结合的诊断方法。光纤珐珀传感器的小体积和高精度使之很适合于埋置在复合材料内部感受材料内部应力变化。而材料结构表面的裂纹是其内部受损伤的外在表现 ,根据裂纹在结构表面上的分布特征用分形的方法把表面的裂纹量化 ,获得其分维值 ,和内部的应力变化一起作为特征值输入到神经网络 ,利用神经网络的非线性处理能力进行在线的材料损伤识别。在一块 3 5cm× 3 5cm的复合材料试件上的实验结果表明这一方法是可靠的、有效的 ,完全可以进行材料损伤的在线监测以及进一步的材料寿命预测     

智能材料与结构在航空领域的研究进展

概述了国外航空领域智能材料与结构的研究内容及现状，分析了目前研究中存在的问题，提出了今后的研究方向及发展趋势。     

智能材料的开发与应用

智能材料是一种能感知外界环境变化并自动改变自身特性以适应该变化,可实现自诊断、自调节、自适应、自修复等功能的新型复合材料.介绍了智能材料的基本构成、工作原理和分类,概述了其应用,探讨了其研究价值和广阔的发展应用前景.     

智能材料工艺与结构中的先进传感器的发展

建立复合材料成型过程的智能化在线监控系统,有效地调整生产工艺,科学设计和优化生产工艺,可以有效地提高生产质量,降低生产成本。除生产工艺智能化外,还需建立材料结构的智能化体系,从复合材料固化成型、材料生产到材料应用整个过程均实现智能化,将开辟材料科学研究的新途径。建立智能材料工艺与结构体系需要先进的性能优良的传感器,本文以智能材料体系为背景阐述了各种传感器技术性能及发展方向。     

多传感器信息融合技术及其在智能材料结构中的应用

多传感器信息融合技术是对多传感器信号处理的一种有效方法，在军事和民用领域中有着广阔的应用前景，本文主要论述了多传感器信息融合技术的分类和多传感器信息融合技术的数据处理方法。并在此基础上，对多传感器信息融合技术在智能材料结构中的应用进行了研究。     

智能材料结构的研究现状及未来发展

智能材料结构是一门由多学科高度交叉的新兴前沿学科,其发展潜力巨大,应用前景广阔,现已成为国际上的研究热点之一.对智能材料结构的研究现状进行了阐述,对智能材料结构的关键技术进行了分析,并对其未来发展进行了展望.     

Smart Textile-Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications

The programmable nature of smart textiles makes them an indispensable part of an emerging new technology field. Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems (STIMES), which combine microelectronics and technology such as artificial intelligence and augmented or virtual reality, have been intensively explored. A vast range of research activities have been reported. Many promising applications in healthcare, the internet of things (IoT), smart city management, robotics, etc., have been demonstrated around the world. A timely overview and comprehensive review of progress of this field in the last five years are provided. Several main aspects are covered: functional materials, major fabrication processes of smart textile components, functional devices, system architectures and heterogeneous integration, wearable applications in human and nonhuman-related areas, and the safety and security of STIMES. The major types of textile-integrated nonconventional functional devices are discussed in detail: sensors, actuators, displays, antennas, energy harvesters and their hybrids, batteries and supercapacitors, circuit boards, and memory devices.     

宫内节育器的材料与结构发展

宫内节育器经过近100年特别是最近40多年的发展,已经发展成为一个比较完善的系统,但仍然存在一些如带器妊娠、脱落、出血、月经失调等临床问题,现就宫内节育器围绕这些问题的解决在材料与结构方面所取得的进展做一回顾,并在此基础上对其结构和材料的发展提出了一些看法。     

智能材料系统和结构中的压电材料

本文简述了智能和机敏材料的区别。综述了压电材料和含有压电材料作为驱动器，传感器以及压电纤维复合材料等不同智能材料系统和结构的性能及应用特征。展望了这类材料未来的发展。     

机敏复合材料及其损伤监测系统

机敏复合材料结构不仅具有复合材料的承载功能，还可通过埋在其中的传感器监测结构的工作状态，本文详细介绍了光纤传感器阵列和声发射传感器阵列两种损伤监测系统的工作有理及应用前景。     

Carbon Nanotube Yarn for Fiber-Shaped Electrical Sensors,Actuators, and Energy Storage for Smart Systems

Smart systems are those that display autonomous or collaborative functionalities, and include the ability to sense multiple inputs, to respond with appropriate operations, and to control a given situation. In certain circumstances, it is also of great interest to retain flexible, stretchable, portable, wearable, and/or implantable attributes in smart electronic systems. Among the promising candidate smart materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and structurally fabricated CNT-based fibers and yarns with coil and twist further introduce flexible and stretchable properties. A number of notable studies have demonstrated various functions of CNT yarns, including sensors, actuators, and energy storage. In particular, CNT yarns can operate as flexible electronic sensors and electrodes to monitor strain, temperature, ionic concentration, and the concentration of target biomolecules. Moreover, a twisted CNT yarn enables strong torsional actuation, and coiled CNT yarns generate large tensile strokes as an artificial muscle. Furthermore, the reversible actuation of CNT yarns can be used as an energy harvester and, when combined with a CNT supercapacitor, has promoted the next-generation of energy storage systems. Here, progressive advances of CNT yarns in electrical sensing, actuation, and energy storage are reported, and the future challenges in smart electronic systems considered.     

Bio‐Inspired,Smart, Multiscale Interfacial Materials

In this review a strategy for the design of bioinspired, smart, multiscale interfacial (BSMI) materials is presented and put into context with recent progress in the field of BSMI materials spanning natural to artificial to reversibly stimuli‐sensitive interfaces. BSMI materials that respond to single/dual/multiple external stimuli, e.g., light, pH, electrical fields, and so on, can switch reversibly between two entirely opposite properties. This article utilizes hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the design strategy, which may also be extended to other properties, for example, conductor/insulator, p‐type/n‐type semiconductor, or ferromagnetism/anti‐ferromagnetism, for the design of other BSMI materials in the future.