锥形束CT测量牙龈厚度准确性的初步研究

目的评价锥形束CT(CBCT)法测量牙龈厚度的可信度及准确性。方法选择20例牙龈健康者的120颗上颌前牙,采用CBCT法和牙龈穿刺法测量唇侧中央龈缘下2mm处牙龈厚度,比较两组差异并用Kappa系数评价两种方法的一致性;应用Kappa系数评价不同检查者用CBCT法测量牙龈厚度的一致性,以及组内相关系数ICC评价同一检查者重复测量数据的可信度。结果CBCT法测量牙龈厚度为(1.23±0.27)mm,牙龈穿刺法测量结果为(1.24±0.26)mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组之间一致率为83.33%(Kappa=0.547)。不同的检查者CBCT法测量牙龈厚度的一致性检验Kappa系数为0.814,可信度良好(ICC=0.795),同一检查者CBCT法重复测量数据之间一致性检验Kappa系数为0.864,可信度良好(ICC=0.893);CBCT法对厚牙龈生物型具有高的灵敏度(92.05%)和低的特异度(59.38%)。结论CBCT测量牙龈厚度的结果与牙龈穿刺法的结果较一致,具有良好的可信度。     

1.5TMRI子宫内膜癌的诊断标准:放射医生缺乏很好的一致性

摘要目的以手术分期为标准,评价盆腔MRI对子宫内膜癌子宫深部肌层浸润、宫颈浸润及淋巴结转移诊断的准确性,以及观察者间的一致性。方法57例病理证实的子宫内膜癌病人术前行1.5TMRI扫描。4名不了解病史的放射科医生独立评价子宫深部肌层、宫颈及周围淋巴结浸润情况。以手术分期结果(FIGO09)作为参照标准计算观察者间一致性和诊断准确性的κ系数。     

计算机模拟与检测离体猪肝植入式微波辐射热场

目的 :探讨计算机模拟超声引导下植入式微波辐射热场在离体猪肝中的可行性。材料和方法 :对临床常用的能量输出条件下微波热凝固的范围和温度分布进行了计算机模拟和检测。通过实验得到了离体猪肝的模拟参数 ,建立了离体猪肝的计算机模拟热场图 ;在 2 6个猪肝上进行了 496个点次的测温以验证模拟热场的准确性。结果 :微波辐射时离体猪肝温升曲线与计算机模拟温度曲线有很好的一致性的占 88.91% ,猪肝凝固边界温度与计算机模拟的 5 4℃所对应的边界有较好的吻合性。结论 :用计算机模拟离体猪肝微波热场是准确的 ,该方法的确立为计算机模拟活体组织的研究奠定了基础     

一种空间定向前庭感知模型仿真研究

目的建立一种人体空间定向前庭感知模型,通过仿真试验验证模型的仿真效果和对前庭性飞行错觉的预测效能。方法基于人体多感觉系统空间定向建模理论,采用Matlab/Simulink软件,建立了包含耳石器、半规管传递函数及其整合机制的空间定向前庭感知模型。通过给模型输入前庭功能检查或引发飞行错觉的线加速度、角速度等运动信息,对偏垂直轴旋转、前庭科里奥利效应、墓地螺旋错觉和躯体重力错觉进行仿真试验。结果模型输出的线加速度、角速度、姿态角和重力矢量等结果与相关研究或理论分析计算结果一致,能较准确地模拟人体空间定向前庭感知功能和预测前庭性飞行错觉。结论建立的人体空间定向前庭感知模型具有较高的可信度,可用于飞行空间定向及飞行错觉分析。     

放射科情景教学模式构建和评价标准应用初探

目的探讨情景教学模式和评价标准在放射科英语教学中的应用价值。方法放射科组织人员撰写放射检查英语情景模拟剧本和评价标准。在剧本撰写人员和考评组人员之外随机抽取8名医护人员作为实验组,运用情景模拟教学模式学习情景剧本,其他人员作为对照组,使用传统教学方式学习。两组人员在全英语语境中完成放射检查流程,根据评价标准对两组的情景模拟和教学效果进行反馈评分。结果根据情景模拟和学习反馈效果,实验组和对照组最终得分分别为90.13±3.56和68.0±5.78,两组分数有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论情景教学模式和评价标准有助于提高放射科英语情景下的影像检查质量,为放射科的英语教学提供了新的模式和方法。     

速度向量成像与组织多普勒技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的一致性研究

目的：分析速度向量成像（VVI）与组织多普勒（TDI）两种技术在评价原发性高血压患者左室舒张功能中的诊断一致性,进而探讨VVI技术评价左室舒张功能的可行性。方法：原发性高血压患者101例,分别用速度向量成像和组织多普勒两种技术测量二尖瓣环前壁、下壁、侧壁、间隔4个位点的舒张期运动参数作为评价左室舒张功能的指标,并将两种检查方法的诊断结果进行Kappa一致性检验。结果：VVI速度指标与TDI速度指标的一致性较好（大部分位点Kappa值〉0.75）,VVI应变率指标与TDI速度指标的一致性一般（0.50〈Kappa值〈0.70）。结论：VVI技术在评价高血压患者左室舒张功能中与TDI具有良好的一致性,可作为评价左室舒张功能的一种新方法。     

超声引导下乳腺病变的扩散光学层析成像:临床应用的可信度

目的通过超声引导下扩散光学层析成像(US-DOT)对乳腺病灶进行实时成像并就诊断时观察者间一致性情况对US-DOT的可信度进行前瞻性评价,同时探讨常规超声(US)联     

冠状动脉显著性狭窄CTCA、MRCA及CAG一致性对照研究

目的 评价CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)、MR冠状动脉造影(MRCA)及冠状动脉血管造影(CAG)显示冠状动脉显著性狭窄的一致性.资料与方法 搜集同期行CTCA、MRCA及CAG检查的患者30例,参照冠状动脉狭窄程度的评判标准,将冠状动脉显著性狭窄分为轻度狭窄(50%～75%)和重度狭窄(76%～100%),以CAG结果为标准,采用Kappa统计学方法,对比分析CTCA、MRCA显示冠状动脉显著性狭窄的一致性.结果 CTCA/MRCA评价冠状动脉轻度狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为94.73%/85.40%、93.73%/86.14%及90.80%/84.52%,二者之间的一致性为88.86%(Kappa=0.163,P<0.05);评价重度狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为95.87%/84.85%、94.54%/83.33%及90.46%/82.75%,二者之间的一致性为85.24%(Kappa=0.185,P<0.05).结论 对冠状动脉显著性狭窄的评价,CTCA优于MRCA,应作为首选方法,但二者有一定的互补作用.     

核素肺显像RM—PIOPED与PISA-PED评价标准用于急性肺栓塞诊断的比较研究

目的比较放射性核素肺显像的2种评价标准和临床肺栓塞危险度分层对诊断急性肺动脉血栓栓塞症（PTE）的一致性和效能。方法分析2005年10月至2007年7月共104例连续性临床疑诊急性PTE患者的放射性核素肺显像和临床情况,分别采用麦克马斯特（McMaster）临床危险度分层：核素肺显像修订版肺栓塞诊断前瞻陛研究（RM—PIOPED）评价标准、急性肺栓塞诊断前瞻性调查研究（PISA-PED）评价标准进行诊断。以汇总肺动脉增强CT扫描（CTPA）、肺动脉造影（PAA）、各实验室检查、临床病史及临床治疗反应讨论得出的最终诊断作为“标准诊断”,然后比较2种显像评价标准及McMaster临床危险度分层相互之间的一致性和诊断效能。采用Kappa分析比较2种评价方法之间的一致性;配对,检验比较2种评价方法之间的差异有无统计学意义。结果2种显像评价标准及McMaster临床危险度分层之间：PISA—PED评价标准与RM—PIOPED评价标准的一致性好（Kappa值为0．92,P〈0．05）;McMaster临床危险度分层与RM—PIOPED评价标准及PISA—PED评价标准的一致性差（Kappa值均为0．35,P均〉0．05）。104例患者中55例被诊断为急性PTE,占52．9％。McMaster临床危险度分层、RM—PIOPED评价标准及PISA—PED评价标准的灵敏度分别为69．1％（38／55）、90．9％（50／55）、92．7％（51／55）;特异性分别为73．5％（36／49）、73．5％（36／49）、75．5％（37／49）;准确性分别为71．2％（74／104）、82．7％（86／104）、84．6％（88／104）。对于该2种评价标准及McMaster临床危险度分层,特异性两两之间差异均无统计学意义（χ^2值分别为0．00,0．05,0．05,P均〉0．05）;RM-PIOPED评价标准的灵敏度与PISA—PED评价标准之间差异亦无统计学意义（χ^2=0．12,P〉0．05）;但McMaster临床危险度分层的灵敏度与2种评价标准之间?     

加工深度对动词感知运动模拟的影响

目的：探究动词理解的加工深度对动词感知运动模拟过程的影响及其自动化特性。方法：研究招募36名普通大学生,依次完成实验1和实验2,分别要求被试完成动词语义判断任务及非语义判断任务,并观察对应手、脚动作输出的行为表现变化。结果：实验1中,在语义判断任务条件下,腿部动词腿部执行的反应时显著快于手部动词腿部执行的反应时（P=0.001）;真假词判断任务条件下,不存在显著差异。实验2中,未发现动词类型与动作执行的显著交互作用（P=0.199）。结论：动词理解引发感知运动模拟的现象受到了不同加工深度的调节,在高加工深度下,个体更倾向于利用感知运动模拟来理解动词,且该过程是非自动化的。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme