甘氨酸合成新工艺的研究

探索了以质量分数为50%的羟基乙腈水溶液为原料,经氨化、水解、酸化合成甘氨酸的工艺.考察氨化反应温度、氨化反应时间、氨腈比等氨化反应条件及水解、酸化反应条件对甘氨酸收率的影响.实验结果表明,较好的工艺条件为采用NH3的质量分数为25%～28%的氨水为氨化剂、氨化反应温度55～60℃、氨化反应时间1.0 h,氨与腈摩尔比4～6;NaOH溶液为水解剂,水解温度90℃至回流温度,水解时间1.0 h;H2SO4为酸化剂,酸化反应1 h;在此条件下,甘氨酸的收率可达90%以上.     

对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐的合成

实验以对氨基苯甲酸、双氰胺为原料,在盐酸存在下,经对氨基苯甲酸直接与双氰胺反应,一步合成对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐。较佳反应条件为:n(盐酸):n(对氨基苯甲酸)=1.0:1,反应温度80℃,反应时间6.0h,收率约86%,双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐质量分数大于97%。     

裂解乙烯副产C9馏分制备芳烃溶剂油及石油树脂

利用沸程在100～200 ℃裂解乙烯的副产C9馏分为原料，研究了以Lewis酸为催化剂的两段聚合法制备芳烃溶剂油的工艺条件。主要考察催化剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间对产品分布的影响。结果表明，采用两段聚合法，在催化剂三氟化硼乙醚络合质量分数1.0%、三氯化铝质量分数1.5%、聚合温度60℃、聚合时间6 h的条件下，芳烃溶剂油收率为71.1%，石油树脂收率最高可达20%；同时所得的芳烃溶剂油切割为120号和200号，指标达到行业标准。     

2,6-二氯苯甲酰氯的合成

以２ ,６ － 二氯甲苯为原料,经光氯化、水解、二次氯化、精馏合成２ ,６ － 二氯苯甲酰氯,讨论了反应条件对各步反应的影响,在光氯化温度１２０ ～１４０ ℃、水解温度１５０ ℃、二次氯化温度８０ ～１２０ ℃的条件下,２ ,６ － 二氯苯甲酰氯的总收率达７０ ％ ,纯度大于９９ ％ ,该方法与其它方法相比具有工业化生产意义。     

梳形聚合物comb-1的合成

采用水溶液聚合的方法合成了二元共聚物——梳形聚合物,并通过正交试验确定了合成特性粘数较高的梳形聚合物最优试验条件:单体总浓度为20%,单体B含量为20%,引发剂浓度为0.2%,反应温度为50℃,pH值等于9。在最优条件下合成的梳形聚合物再进行了水解,并确定了最佳水解条件:水解剂质量分数为8%的NaOH,水解温度为60℃,水解时间3h。最优试验条件下合成的梳形聚合物在最佳条件下进行水解,进而获得梳形聚合物comb-1。     

两步法合成2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚

以邻氨基苯酚和尿素为原料,将传统环合-硝化-水解三步法工艺改为环合硝化-水解两步法合成了2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚(ANP);研究了影响环合硝化反应和水解反应的因素;优化了反应条件。环合硝化反应的最优条件为:n(邻氨基苯酚)∶n(尿素)=1.00∶1.20、环合时间6h、硝酸用量40.2g、硫酸用量20g、硝化时间3h、硝化温度70℃,在此条件下中间产物6-硝基苯并噁唑酮的收率为90.2%;水解反应的最优条件为:体积分数95%的乙醇为溶剂、n(6-硝基苯并噁唑酮)∶n(氢氧化钠)=1.0∶3.3、水解温度80℃、水解时间15h,在此条件下ANP收率为81.2%。两步反应ANP的总收率为73.2%。对产品进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征,确认终产物为ANP。该方法成本低,ANP总收率高,溶剂可回收,三废量少。     

吲哚-3-丙酸的合成

以吲哚为原料与丙烯酸及乙酸酐于 90～ 95℃在搅拌下反应 4h得到吲哚 3 丙酸乙酰酯 ;所得酯经碱性水解、酸化得吲哚 3 丙酸。较佳的碱性水解条件是 :NaOH质量分数为 10 % ,水解时间 2h ,温度 70～ 80℃。两步总收率 5 7.1%。     

萃取剂对不溶性硫制备的影响及工艺条件优化

以升华硫为原料采用熔融法制备了不溶性硫(IS),考察了不同萃取剂对IS的萃取效果并与CS_2的萃取效果进行了比较,同时,以硬脂酸钙为稳定剂优化了IS的聚合条件,比较了不同急冷方式对IS收率的影响。实验结果表明,环己烷为萃取剂可得到与CS_2接近的萃取效果。以硬脂酸钙为稳定剂时适宜的聚合条件为:聚合温度250℃,聚合时间60 min,硬脂酸钙用量为0.2%(w),稳定剂在体系中的停留时间60 min,在此条件下可得到最高IS收率为37%。高距离垂撒的急冷方式可以提高IS的收率。     

影响聚丙烯酰胺聚合的因素分析与研究

概述了影响聚丙烯酰胺聚合的主要因素 ,探讨了AM质量、浓度、pH值与聚合物分子量的关系 ,研究了反应引发温度对PAM聚合反应的影响 ,以及水解度对PAM的分子量影响 ,同时对苯二酚的性质和阻聚的原理进行了研究和分析。本文认为 ,影响聚合物聚合的是阻聚剂含量、反应体系中的酸碱度、引发温度、单体浓度等。大量试验结果表明 ,聚合反应最佳条件控制为 :pH值 11. 6 ,水解度 2 9% ,引发温度 18℃ ,单体浓度为 2 5%。     

3-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯甲酰氯的合成研究

3-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯甲酰氯是合成甲氧虫酰肼的关键中间体。以2,6-二氯甲苯为原料,经醚化、格氏反应、水解和酰氯化反应合成了3-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯甲酰氯;通过单因素实验确定了各步反应的工艺条件。醚化反应以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为6.0 h,收率为97.1%;格氏交换、水解的原料配比n(6-氯-2-甲氧基甲苯)∶n(Mg)=1∶1.05,反应时间为3.0 h,通二氧化碳温度为-5～0℃,收率为93.2%;酰氯化反应的原料配比n(3-甲氧基-2-甲基苯甲酸)∶n(SOCl_2)=1∶1.10,反应温度为50℃,收率为98.3%。经优化后,反应总收率为88.9%,纯度为99.2%。该工艺原料价廉易得,反应路线短,条件温和,收率高,成本低,环境友好,适合工业生产。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.