以MOFs为前驱体的多孔金属氧化物催化剂研究进展

多孔金属氧化物具有高比表面积、大孔径、特殊的形貌和结构特性,广泛应用于催化、锂离子电池、太阳能电池、气敏传感器等领域。金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是一类具有周期性网络结构的新型多孔晶体材料,在气体存储、气体分离、催化等领域具有重要的应用价值。近年来,以MOFs为前驱体制备多孔碳和多孔金属氧化物成为MOFs应用领域一个新的研究热点。本文主要综述了以MOFs为前驱体制备的多孔金属氧化物和多孔金属氧化物/碳复合物在CO氧化、催化产氢、异丁烷脱氢、环已烯氧化、醇直接氧化为酯、醛氧化酰胺化反应、光催化降解有机物和氧还原反应等方面的应用。     

金属氧化物室温气敏材料的结构调控及传感机理

室温气敏材料能耗低、稳定性好、安全性高,并且有助于简化传感器的器件结构,具有很好的实际应用前景。开发具有优异室温传感性能的气敏材料成为近年来传感领域的研究热点。金属氧化物半导体材料来源广泛、环境友好、结构调控灵活,在室温气体传感性能方面取得一定的进展。本文介绍了金属氧化物气敏材料的发展历程及气体传感机理,详述了各种具有室温气敏性能的金属氧化物纳米结构,重点讨论构建金属氧化物室温传感性能的有效策略和传感机制,并对室温传感材料的未来发展进行了展望。     

钼酸铋基气敏材料研究进展

气体传感器被广泛应用于检测工业和家庭中有毒有害气体。气体敏感材料是气体传感器中重要的组成部分,敏感材料的性质决定了气体传感器的性能。研制精度高、检测快、集成度高的气体检测器迫在眉睫。钼酸铋作为一种新型双金属氧化物气敏材料,具有高选择性、高敏感度的优势。本文从气敏机理、形貌控制、掺杂和复合材料构建方面对近年来钼酸铋作为气敏材料的研究进行了总结,并对钼酸铋基气敏材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

金属氧化物半导体气敏材料抗湿性能提升策略

金属氧化物半导体气体传感器是目前研究和应用最为广泛的气体传感器之一,具有高灵敏、长寿命和低成本等优点。然而,金属氧化物半导体气敏材料在湿润环境中会与水蒸气发生相互作用,导致传感器的基线电阻发生漂移,气敏性能受到显著影响,成为传感器应用中面临的瓶颈问题。针对该问题,研究者们从抑制水的表面吸附、水与氧的竞争吸附及调控水与吸附氧的反应三个方面开发了一些金属氧化物半导体气敏材料的抗湿性能提升策略,从而提升金属氧化物半导体气敏材料的抗湿性。本文对水蒸气的影响机理进行了分析,对三类抗湿提升策略的未来发展提出展望,有望为金属氧化物半导体气敏材料抗湿性能的提升提供解决思路与方法指导。     

金属有机框架材料在环境化学中的研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)是一类由有机桥连配体与无机金属中心通过自组装形成的新型多孔材料.相比传统的多孔材料,MOFs具有比表面积高、孔径均一、结构可调节等优点,在基础理论研究和实际应用方面都表现出巨大的潜力.近年来,环境问题日益突出,开发新型材料解决环境问题迫在眉睫,MOFs材料在环境化学中的应用受到了广泛关注.本文主要介绍MOFs材料在催化、气体存储、气体吸附与分离、气敏传感和水体净化等多个领域的理论研究与应用现状,并进一步讨论了MOFs材料在该领域面临的挑战和发展趋势.     

金属氧化物异质结气体传感器气敏增强机理

金属氧化物异质结由于费米能级效应、不同组分之间的协同作用,常被用来提高电阻型金属氧化物半导体气体传感器的气敏特性。本文简述了近年来国内外金属氧化物异质结材料的类别,主要分为混合氧化物结构、层状结构、第二相粒子修饰结构、一维纳米结构和核-壳结构;重点综述了金属氧化物异质结的气敏增强机理,包括异质结效应、协同效应、催化溢流效应、响应反型、载流子分离及微结构调控六大机理;分析了当前异质结气体传感器面临的瓶颈。最后对纳米异质结气体传感器的发展进行了展望,今后金属氧化物异质结气体传感器可以从明确异质结界面机理展开,这将为自下而上地设计出符合实际需要的气体传感器提供一定参考。     

金属有机骨架衍生材料在样品前处理中的应用研究进展

样品前处理技术在复杂样品的整个分析过程中起着至关重要的作用,其不仅可以提高痕量目标物在样品中的浓度,而且能有效消除样品基质对分析的干扰。对于样品前处理技术而言,吸附剂是其最为核心部分。因此开发高效、稳定的新型吸附剂已成为前处理技术领域的研究热点。近年来,由金属有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)衍生的多孔材料因其形貌结构多样、孔径可调、比表面积高、热稳定性良好、耐化学腐蚀等优异性能,使其在样品前处理领域拥有广阔的应用前景,基于MOFs衍生材料的样品前处理新方法也层出不穷。然而,MOFs衍生材料仍存在MOFs前驱体合成工艺复杂、生产成本高、量产困难等问题。该文总结了近几年来MOFs衍生材料在分散固相萃取(dSPE)、磁固相萃取(MSPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、搅拌棒固相萃取(SBSE)和分散微固相萃取(DMSPE)等样品前处理技术中的研究进展,并对多种MOFs衍生材料的制备方法、功能化调控、富集效率等方面进行了评述。最后,展望了MOFs衍生材料在该领域中的应用前景,为进一步研究MOFs衍生材料的应用提供了参考。     

金属氧化物@金属有机骨架复合材料研究进展

金属有机骨架(Metal-Organic Framework,MOF)复合材料是一种新型功能性材料,其中金属氧化物@MOF复合材料因结合了金属氧化物和MOFs的许多特性而受到人们的广泛关注,成为近年来MOFs材料研究的一个重要方向。本文综述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料制备方法的研究进展,主要包括外延生长法、气相沉积法、模板法等,并分析了它们各自的优缺点;概述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料在催化、传感、生物医药、吸附与分离方面的具体应用性能,以及在电化学研究领域的潜在应用;并提出今后金属氧化物@MOF复合材料研究的主要方向是开发简单高效的制备方法、选取新功能性金属氧化物以及探索复合材料的其它新型结构,以拓展其在工业上的应用。     

核壳结构金属-有机骨架的研究

核壳结构(core-shell)金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是多功能MOFs复合材料中最为典型的一类构型,是由MOFs材料和另一种材料(如MOFs、碳材料、无机化合物、有机聚合物等)组装形成的核壳结构,其中MOFs既可作核,亦可作壳。因结合了核层和壳层两种材料,核壳结构MOFs展现出了优于核层或者壳层的独特性能,例如结构稳定、选择性分离、气体吸附等,为MOFs材料实现工业化应用带来了新的潜力。本文综述了近年来核壳结构MOFs材料的研究进展,介绍了各类构型核壳结构MOFs材料(例如MOF@MOF、MOF@carbon、metal oxide@MOF、polymer@MOF等)的合成方法及应用研究,并对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

碳纳米管基气体传感器研究进展

碳纳米管具有灵敏度高、响应快和工作温度低等优异的气敏特性,近年来碳纳米管基气体传感器的研究成为研究热点.概述了碳纳米管基气体传感器的种类、结构特点、气敏性能和未来的发展方向,着重介绍了纯的碳纳米管包括单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管和碳纳米管阵列的气敏特性,以及碳纳米管的修饰或碳纳米管与高分子材料、氧化物等复合对其气敏性能的影响.     

Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation

Microporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are comparatively new porous materials. Because the pores within such MOFs can be readily tuned through the interplay of both metal‐containing clusters and organic linkers to induce their size‐selective sieving effects, while the pore surfaces can be straightforwardly functionalized to enforce their different interactions with gas molecules, MOF materials are very promising for gas separation. Furthermore, the high porosities of such materials can enable microporous MOFs with optimized gas separation selectivity and capacity to be targeted. This Focus Review highlights recent significant advances in microporous MOFs for gas separation.     

Determination of Buprenorphine (BUP) with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Zn/La3+ Metal Organic Framework on Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)

In this study we report the Zn/La³⁺ metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized with the co-precipitation assisted microwave method. Zn/La³⁺ MOFs were used as a new nanocomposite for the design and construction of a nanosensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). MOFs due to their unique and excellent physicochemical properties can be used in sensors based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The synergistic effect of MOFs on glassy carbon electrode increases the power of the limits of detection (LOD). In this study, a new chemical sensor was fabricated by electro polymerization to measure buprenorphine with MOFs based on molecularly imprinted polymer. Zn/La³⁺ MOFs nanostructures were identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. Buprenorphine was used as a template, pyrrole was used as a monomer, potassium ferrocyanide as an electrochemical active tracer in electropolymerization processes and the parameters affecting the sensor response were optimized. At the Zn/La³⁺ MOF/MIP electrode, the calibration curve in the linear region was obtained in the concentration range between 4 to 50 ng/ml and the detection limit was 1.08 ng/ml. In a new strategy, Zn/La³⁺ MOFs nanostructures can be introduced as new materials with high efficiency which used at chemical sensors for detection of the opiates in all over the world.     

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Versatile Heterogeneous Solid Catalysts for Henry Reactions

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become one of the versatile solid materials used for a wide range of applications, such as gas storage, gas separation, proton conductivity, sensors and catalysis. Among these fields, one of the more well-studied areas is the use of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for a broad range of organic reactions. In the present review, the employment of MOFs as solid catalysts for the Henry reaction is discussed, and the available literature data from the last decade are grouped. The review is organized with a brief introduction of the importance of Henry reactions and structural properties of MOFs that are suitable for catalysis. The second part of the review discusses the use of MOFs as solid catalysts for the Henry reaction involving metal nodes as active sites, while the third section provides data utilizing basic sites (primary amine, secondary amine, amides and urea-donating sites). While commenting on the catalytic results in these two sections, the advantage of MOFs over other solid catalysts is compared in terms of activity by providing turnover number (TON) values and the structural stability of MOFs during the course of the reaction. The final section provides our views on further directions in this field.     

Recent advances in metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for sample preparation and chromatographic analysis

In the field of analytical chemistry, sample preparation and chromatographic separation are two core procedures. The means by which to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and detection limit of a method have become a topic of great interest. Recently, porous organic frameworks, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used in this research area because of their special features, and different methods have been developed. This review summarizes the applications of MOFs and COFs in sample preparation and chromatographic stationary phases. The MOF‐ or COF‐based solid‐phase extraction (SPE), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography (GC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) methods are described. The excellent properties of MOFs and COFs have resulted in intense interest in exploring their performance and mechanisms for sample preparation and chromatographic separation.     

金属有机框架色谱固定相的研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)是由金属离子或金属簇与有机配体通过配位作用自组装形成的一类新型多孔材料. MOFs具有独特的拓扑结构、丰富的孔隙结构、可调的孔道尺寸、巨大的比表面积以及灵活的表面修饰等特征,是色谱分离领域颇受关注的一类新型固定相. 综述了近几年MOFs材料作为固定相在气相色谱、液相色谱及手性拆分等领域应用的研究进展,展现MOFs材料在色谱分离领域的优异性能和应用潜力,并对MOFs材料在色谱固定相领域今后的发展进行了展望.     

核壳结构金属-有机骨架及其衍生物在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

金属–有机框架(MOFs)材料具有比表面积较大、孔径可调、制备容易、结构与功能多样性等优势,被广泛应用于电化学能源转化与储存领域。其中独特的核壳结构材料由于表面修饰的作用往往更能表现出核内与壳层的协同作用。本文介绍了具有核壳结构MOFs作为锂离子电池负极材料的发展现状,并重点综述其衍生物(多孔碳材料、金属氧化物、金属硫/硒化物以及金属/金属氧化物)的制备方法以及在锂离子电池负极中的应用。MOFs通过高温煅烧或改变化学反应条件的方法,可制备出结构可调的传统无机电极材料并表现出更优异的电化学性能。最后总结了核壳结构MOFs材料作为锂电负极材料存在的问题和挑战,并提出可能的解决途径和未来的应用前景。     

Mixed‐Metal MOFs: Unique Opportunities in Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Functionality and Design

Mixed‐metal metal–organic frameworks (MM‐MOFs) can be considered to be those MOFs having two different metals anywhere in the structure. Herein we summarize the various strategies for the preparation of MM‐MOFs and some of their applications in adsorption, gas separation, and catalysis. It is shown that compared to homometallic MOFs, MM‐MOFs bring about the opportunity to take advantage of the complexity and the synergism derived from the presence of different metal ions in the structure of MOFs. This is reflected in a superior performance and even stability of MM‐MOFs respect to related single‐metal MOFs. Emphasis is made on the use of MM‐MOFs as catalysts for tandem reactions.     

Molecular simulation of carbon dioxide/methane/hydrogen mixture adsorption in metal-organic frameworks

This work performs a systematic computational study toward a molecular understanding of the separation characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), for which the purification of synthetic gas by two representative MOFs, MOF-5 and Cu-BTC, is adopted as an example. The simulations show that both geometry and pore size affect largely the separation efficiency, complex selectivity behaviors with different steps can occur in MOFs, and the electrostatic interactions that exist can enhance greatly the separation efficiency of gas mixtures composed of components with different chemistries. Furthermore, the macroscopic separation behaviors of the MOF materials are elucidated at a molecular level to give insight into the underlying mechanisms. The findings as well as the molecular-level elucidations provide useful microscopic information toward a complete understanding of the separation characteristics of MOFs that may lead to general design strategies for synthesizing new MOFs with tailored properties, as well as guiding their practical applications.