Phase transformation behavior of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys under large strain

Although it is known that the plastic deformation after transformation could stabilize martensite and make the transformation irreversible, there lacks a systematic research on the effect of plasticity on phase transformation behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). Therefore, the present study focuses on this aspect of NiTi SMAs. A series of tensile cycling experiments are performed on a NiTi SMA at room temperature. Attention has been paid to the characteristics of the phase transformation stresses, the residual and recoverable strain and the dissipated and recoverable energy density as functions of deformation cycles and maximum strain amplitude. With the increasing of plastic strain amplitude at the first loading cycle, the stress–strain curves reach a stable state sooner during cycling. It is concluded that a small amount of plastic strain at the first loading cycle is helpful to get good stable mechanical properties.     

Strain mapping of crack extension in pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys during static loading

Crack extension in pseudoelastic binary NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) compact tension (CT) specimens was examined during static loading. The material composition of 50.7 at.% Ni (austenitic, pseudoelastic) was investigated using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A miniature CT specimen was developed, which is small enough to allow in situ testing in a synchrotron beam line to identify phases, textures and lattice strains in front of a crack tip. Stress-induced martensite in pseudoelastic NiTi SMAs was mapped in front of the crack of a CT specimen during static loading using synchrotron radiation. The phase volume fraction and lattice microstrain results are discussed and compared with results from thermographic measurements. The Poisson effect is observed by comparing the lattice strains in the loading direction and transverse to the loading direction.     

热爆反应合成多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的性能

利用热爆方法来制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.研究了在不同热爆温度下制备出的样品与其机械性能之间的关系.结果表明:在1 223 K下热爆反应制备的NiTi合金,具有大的孔隙度,高开孔率和基本各向同性,同时表现出较好的超弹性.对断口分析发现,断裂为脆性断裂和韧性断裂的复合.这表明改善孔洞分布和形态,可以极大地提高多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的机械性能和超弹性.     

Influence of the post-deformation annealing heat treatment on the low-cycle fatigue of NiTi shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMA) suffer from the same impairing mechanisms experienced during cycling loading by classic alloys. Moreover, SMA fatigue behavior is greatly influenced by thermomechanical cycling through the zone of thermoelastic phase transformation, which is the basis of shape memory and superelasticity effects. Since the fatigue resistance of any material can be improved by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment, in the present work combined differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness testing were used to determine an optimum annealing temperature for the cold-worked Ni-50.1%Ti alloy. The optimization is based on the assumption that latent heat of transformation is proportional to the mechanical work generated by SMA upon heating, while material hardness is related to the yield stress of the material. It is supposed that an optimum trade-off in these two properties guarantees the best dimensional and functional stability of SMA devices. The level and stability of the mechanical work generated by the material during low-cycle fatigue testing are considered criteria for the material performance and thus of the validity of the proposed optimization procedure.     

Selective surface oxidation and nitridation of NiTi shape memory alloys by reduction annealing

The current investigation aims in understanding the effect of short-term (300 s) annealing of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) in a reducing atmosphere of N₂-10% H₂. The influence of temperature on the resulting surface morphology and chemistry is elucidated. On annealing at 600 °C, the surface is covered with a thin layer of titanium oxide, which is 7.5 nm thick, while at 800 °C, the surface is covered with a golden-yellow layer of TiN of thickness more than 100 nm. The surface analysis carried out by XPS on the specimen annealed at 800 °C confirms the formation of TiN and more notably, the surface is devoid of Ni.     

Superelastic tension and bending characteristics of shape memory alloys

The objective of this study was to develop a numerical model of the superelastic behavior of shape memory alloys (SMA) on a macro-scale level. Results from a study on this behavior under tension and pure bending tests are presented and discussed. Two SMA samples were used in the experimental work and subjected to various loading paths in tension and pure bending: a single crystalline CuZnAl alloy and polycrystalline NiTi wire. Bending tests were performed under a pure bending loading condition on a new testing apparatus designed for the specific needs of this study. The experimental part of this study focused mainly on the response of the SMA to the loading paths in a quasi-plastic domain where the deformation mechanism is dominantly governed by the stress-induced martensitic transformation. Experimental results obtained from the NiTi polycrystals by tensile tests indicate that the superelastic SMA exhibits sufficient repeatability useful enough for a modeling task, while similar results obtained from the single crystalline CuZnAl indicate that the same modeling approach is not easily feasible. The facts have been qualitatively verified by the experimental data from pure bending tests, and a further area as study is suggested.     

铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的断裂行为及显微组织(英文)

通过真空自耗电极熔炼法制备等原子比镍钛形状记忆合金。为了研究其断裂力学性能,进行铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的拉伸和压缩实验。为了更好地理解镍钛形状记忆合金的组织演变及断裂行为,分析铸态镍钛形状记忆合金及其断裂样品的显微组织。在拉伸加载下,镍钛形状记忆合金在750°C时具有较高的塑性,表现为韧性断裂,但在室温和-100°C时表现出较差的塑性,具有解理断裂和穿晶断裂的特征。在-100°C的压缩加载下,铸态镍钛形状记忆合金发生剪切断裂,剪切断裂面法线与压缩轴呈45°,具有解理断裂的特征,裂纹经由穿晶断裂而扩展。     

Electrochemical behaviour of oxidized NiTi shape memory alloys for biomedical applications

A new oxidation treatment (OT) for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys used in biomedical applications has been developed in a previous work to reduce Ni surface concentration and, consequently, decrease Ni ions release into the exterior medium. This OT treatment is expected to minimize adverse and toxic reactions associated to Ni ions. However, in order to assess the biocompatibility of a metallic material, its corrosion resistance has to be evaluated.In this work, the electrochemical behaviour of NiTi surfaces oxidized by the new OT treatment was compared to untreated NiTi surfaces (NT). For this purpose, tests of open-circuit potential and cyclic voltammetry were performed at 37 °C in a Hanks Balance Salt Solution.A significant increase of the corrosion (E_corr) and breakdown (E_b) potentials was observed for OT surfaces, in comparison with NT surfaces. Moreover, the qualitative potentiodynamic behaviour of OT NiTi and Ti surfaces are similar. This observation suggests that the OT treatment leads to the formation of an oxide on NiTi surface that has similar structure and electrochemical property to native Ti oxide. This new oxidation treatment is efficient to protect NiTi alloys from electrochemical degradation and, therefore, it may be an excellent candidate for biomedical applications.     

Passivation and oxygen ion implantation double surface treatment on porous NiTi shape memory alloys and its Ni suppression performance

The surfaces of porous NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) were modified by double treatment of passivation (PA) in HNO₃ solution and oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O-PIII) methods. SEM and XPS were used to characterize the modified surface. It has been found that a protective film consists of three layers formed on the surface after modification. From the outmost surface towards inside, they are a 10 nm thick layer consisting of rutile and anatase TiO₂ with pure rutile TiO₂ on the surface and their ratio varying in gradient, a 45 nm thick layer containing anatase TiO₂ and NiTi with constant ratios and a 40 nm thick layer of TiO₂, TiO and NiTi with their ratio varying in gradient. The immersion tests in simulated human body fluid demonstrated that the modified porous NiTi samples exhibit a good Ni suppression performance, approaching to that of the untreated dense NiTi samples. The Ni ion content released from the porous NiTi SMAs double treated by PA and O-PIII is one magnitude lower than that from the untreated porous samples. Moreover, the released Ni ion content after 8 weeks can be reduced into the safe range acceptable to the human body.     

Crystallization of NiTi shape memory alloy sputtering-deposition film

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NiTi基高温记忆合金相变行为与组织性能研究

本文总结了近年来国内外Ni-Ti-Pd和Ni-Ti-Pt高温镍钛形状记忆合金研究进展,分析了化学成分、热机械处理和训练工艺等对高温记忆合金的马氏体相变行为、高温单程和双程记忆性能和循环使用性能稳定性等方面的影响。研究结果表明,Ni-Ti-Pd和Ni-Ti-Pt高温镍钛形状记忆合金的相变温度、滞后宽度、高温马氏体变形与蠕变行为、高温循环特性等受显微组织影响显著。通过采取Sc、B、Cu等元素合金化、固溶和时效、冷轧退火处理,有利于细化晶粒,在基体析出细小弥散沉淀相,如Ti₂Ni 和Ti₂(Ni,Pd)等,起到固溶强化和沉淀强化作用,改善高温记忆合金高温记忆性能。在一定应力条件下训练处理在基体形成具有特定应力场位错组态易于诱发择优取向的马氏体变体形核,从而提高高温单程和双程记忆性能和功能尺寸稳定性。     

Ni-Mn-Ga-V高温形状记忆合金研究

本文采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及压缩力学试验机系统的研究了钒元素对(Ni56Mn25Ga19)100-xVx (x = 0, 1, 3) (at.%)高温形状记忆合金性能的影响。结果表明,由于钒取代方法的不同,我们所研究合金的组织结构和某些性能与已报到的Ni56Mn25Ga19-xVx合金差异较大。未掺杂钒元素时,试验合金由单相非调制四方结构马氏体构成,当钒含量为1at.%和3at.%时,合金由四方结构马氏体和竹叶状γ相构成。随着钒含量的增加,γ相的数量增多,但其尺寸和形状保持不变。钒掺杂改善合金的力学性能和形状记忆效应。 (Ni56Mn25Ga19)99V1合金变形10%后加热,可以得到6.7%的可逆应变。     

NiTi形状记忆合金的应变补偿物理本构模型

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对NiTi形状记忆合金进行了等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究其在变形温度为700～900℃、应变速率为0.001～10 s-1和最大高度下压量为70％下的高温热变形行为;建立了引入物理参量的应变补偿本构模型.结果 表明:合金的流变应力具有负温度相关性和正应变速率敏感性,在应变速率为0...     

Nb合金化对电弧增材制造NiTi基形状记忆合金的影响

为实现NiTi形状记忆合金电致热驱动的功能特性,采用激光微连接技术对NiTi丝和铜板异种材料进行焊接,并利用光学显微镜、能谱分析仪等手段分析连接界面的微观结构和元素分布. 基于ANSYS Fluent软件建立NiTi-Cu异种材料激光微连接三维计算流体力学仿真模型,分析了NiTi-Cu激光微连接过程中的温度场、流场演变和元素传输规律. 结果表明,NiTi-Cu激光微连接过程主要分为激光在NiTi丝中的“钻孔”过程、对铜板的预热过程和在铜板中的“钻孔”过程. Ni,Ti,Cu元素混合主要发生于激光对铜板的“钻孔”过程中,元素在金属蒸气反冲压力和Marangoni涡流的驱动下相互混合,Cu元素进入熔池易形成低硬度的Cu-Ti金属间化合物,降低了脆性的Ni-Ti金属间化合物形成的可能性. 试验和仿真结果吻合较好,为优化NiTi-Cu异种材料的激光微连接工艺提供了重要的理论支撑.

     

Electrochemical behavior of YAG laser-welded NiTi shape memory alloy

Electrochemical behaviors of laser-welded Ti-50.6%Ni（mole fraction） shape memory alloy and the base metal in 0.9% NaCl solution were investigated by electrochemical techniques as corrosion potential measurement, linear and potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicate that the laser-welded NiTi alloy is less susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion than the base metal, which is demonstrated by the increase in polarization resistance（Rp） and pitting potential（φpit） and decrease in corrosion current density（Jcorr） and mean difference between φpit and φprot values. It is confirmed by scanning electron microscope micrographs that pits could be observed on the surface of base metal but not on the surface of laser-welded alloy after potentiodynamic tests. An improvement of corrosion resistance of laser-welded NiTi alloy could be attributed to almost complete dissolution of inclusions upon laser welding.     

CuAlMn形状记忆合金的高阻尼特性

用悬臂梁弯曲共振法研究了新型CuAlMn系形状记忆合金在马氏体态和母相态的阻尼特性.研究结果表明:室温马氏体态Cu-10.5%Al-6%Mn(质量分数)和室温母相态Cu-11%Al-8%Mn形状记忆合金在表面应变振幅为4.05MPa时,都具有很高的阻尼性能,内耗Q-1接近0.1; 两种形态的CuAlMn形状记忆合金的阻尼性能都随应力振幅增加而下降,且母相态合金阻尼性能下降速度更快.     

NiTi形状记忆薄膜的应用及进展

介绍了当前国内外NiTi薄膜在以微机电系统(MEMS)为主的诸多领域中的应用研究情况, 分析了存在的问题, 并展望了今后的发展前景.