3-RPS并联机构弹性动力学建模方法

运用子结构综合和模态缩聚技术,提出了一种全柔性3自由度并联动力头(3-RPS)的弹性动力学建模方法.在建模过程中,将机构划分为动平台子结构和3条RPS伸缩支链子结构.模型中考虑了所有铰链和支链柔度对整机动态特性的影响.将球铰和转动副处理为具有等效刚度的虚拟弹簧;通过有限元软件和模态缩聚技术对伸缩支链进行处理,进而建立支链的弹性动力学方程;通过引入变形协调条件,对系统整体刚度矩阵进行组装,建立了3-RPS并联动力头的整体动力学方程.研究结果表明,整机的各阶固有频率随着机构位姿的变化而变化,并且呈三对称形式分布.通过模态实验验证了该方法所得的固有频率和振型.     

多跨下承式拱桥面内全局动力学理论与自由振动研究

为弥补高维工程结构有限元分析对结构参数优化设计等的局限,本文基于欧拉伯努利梁理论与传递矩阵法,研究大跨度拱桥面内自由振动问题.首先,基于多跨拱桥的刚度分析,建立系统的全局动力学模型.其次,基于传递矩阵法建立系统的全局动力学理论,最后,以一座四跨下承式拱桥的平面力学模型,求解其面内自由振动时的固有频率与振型,并将所得结果与用同样参数建模的有限元分析结果对比,证明本文所建理论对求解该类问题的有效性与精确性.此外,通过整桥各跨矢跨比、吊杆截面面积、拱肋惯性矩等的多组参数组合分析了该系统面内自振频率的分布规律.结果表明：随着拱桥矢高增大,系统固有频率减小,因拱桥质量的快速增加,对整桥面内刚度影响显著;增大吊杆截面面积可在一定程度内增大拱桥的面内刚度,导致系统频率在一定范围内增大,且观察到Veering现象.     

堆料装置动力学仿真优化及有限元分析

堆料装置是应用于散料料场堆积料堆的工作机构,工作时在空间大范围内运动,堆料装置的动态稳定性影响安全运行.若堆料装置俯仰油缸推力过大或者主体部件的刚度和强度不足,都可能会引起结构的早期断裂等一系列影响堆料装置安全.为了提高堆料装置的动态稳定性和主体部件强度,建立了堆料装置的参数化模型,利用多体系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS中动力学仿真与参数化优化分析的功能,对俯仰油缸两铰点位置的布置进行合理的仿真优化,结果表明优化后俯仰油缸推力大幅减小,结构布置更加合理,并求得相关铰接点的受力信息.利用ADAMS中的计算结果作为载荷条件,在ANSYS中对堆料装置主体结构件进行J多工位的有限元分析,并对其中强度薄弱的部位进行了设计调整,进一步保证和提高了优化后堆料装置的动态稳定性.     

考虑舵机动力学的舵回路系统颤振特性分析

针对液压舵机动刚度特性,研究了舵回路系统(舵机系统和舵面耦合系统)的颤振特性.利用分支模态法建立了基于舵机系统动力学方程的时域和频域颤振计算模型,提出了2种考虑舵机动态特性的颤振求解方法,第1种方法思想是对舵回路系统模型在各种来流速度下进行状态矩阵的稳定性判断;第2种方法是将舵机复刚度特性包含在频域颤振方程中,使用迭代法求解该方程得到舵系统颤振特性,并验证了两种方法的可行性.分析结果显示舵机动态特性对颤振特性有着很大的影响,说明舵机动态特性使得颤振边界提高,为飞机系统设计和结构振动分析提供有用的边界支持和设计依据.     

SEM30齿轮箱振动噪声分析及优化设计

针对SEM30齿轮箱在运行过程中出现异响的问题,基于多体动力学理论,利用ADAMS建立齿轮副虚拟样机,计算齿轮啮合力。基于有限元法,利用ANSYS计算齿轮箱体的动态响应。响应结果作为边界元法的边界条件,计算齿轮箱体的声学特性。基于声学传递向量(ATV)法,利用VIRTUAL.LAB计算齿轮箱振动噪声的板块贡献量。仿真结果表明,齿轮箱的振动噪声在齿轮箱固有频率与齿轮啮合频率重合或接近时达到最大值,为今后齿轮箱体结构优化设计提供了依据。     

谱元法在求解刚架结构动力学问题中的应用

把谱元法应用于刚架结构的动力学响应计算和分析中.建立了杆和梁的谱单元动力学刚度阵,针对刚架结构组装了整体动力学刚度阵,建立了整体结构的运动方程,计算了结构的固有频率和时域响应,并与采用有限元方法得到的结果进行了对比.从结果中可以看出谱元法在数值模拟中的独特优势.     

基于虚拟样机的某型机枪射击动态性能研究

利用Pro／E和ADAMS建立了某型通用机枪射击时的多体系统动力学模型。将内弹道计算所得的发射时的外载荷施加于相应位置,针对轻机枪和重机枪两种不同状态对其射击时的动力学特性进行仿真分析,得到机枪在五连发射击时关健部位的载荷和运动规律。以枪口跳动为指标,研究了复进簧刚度、俯仰刚度和阻尼、回转刚度和阻尼、枪机质量偏心、枪机框质量偏心等结构参数对机枪射击精度的影响规律。该文结果可为机枪的结构优化提供参考。     

某SUV车架多目标拓扑优化设计

为得到同时满足刚度和动态要求的SUV车架,基于SIMP材料插值方法,分别以刚度最大和低阶模态固有频率最大作为优化目标建立拓扑优化模型,利用折中规划法建立多工况下刚度和低阶固有频率多目标优化模型,通过拓扑优化迭代得到新的SUV车架;对新车架进行仿真分析,得到其位移和应力分布及前4阶固有频率.其静态特性满足材料要求且有很大提高,第1阶固有频率提高到30.3 Hz,新车架质量减轻到193.3 kg.计算结果表明该方法能够很好地解决多目标下的结构优化问题。     

战术导弹的离散突风响应及动载荷计算研究

研究了战术导弹在穿越离散突风区域时,弹体的动力学响应及产生的动载荷.首先,给出了导弹在穿越突风区时的运动方程,其中不仅考虑了弹体的刚体运动,而且考虑了弹体各分站位置及空气舵位置的结构动力学响应引起的附加攻角,以及突风对空气舵的滞后影响效果等.其次,建立了导弹结构动力学模型和"1-cos"突风模型,并给出了弹体动载荷计算公式.最后,通过算例研究了导弹在穿越突风过程中,弹体的动力学响应以及载荷计算问题.     

含有分叉的受控多体系统传递矩阵法

多体系统传递矩阵法是解决受控多体系统动力学问题的有效方法,针对含有分叉的受控多体系统动力学问题,分别建立了控制激励元件、控制反馈元件及其含有分叉的受控多体系统总体传递矩阵．实例计算了无控和受控多体系统的运动响应与牛顿欧拉方法比较,计算表明了受控多体系统传递矩阵法解决分叉控制系统运动的有效性．     

Variational-Based Reduced-Order Model in Dynamic Substructuring of Coupled Structures Through a Dissipative Physical Interface: Recent Advances

This paper deals with a variational-based reduced-order model in dynamic substructuring of two coupled structures through a physical dissipative flexible interface. We consider the linear elastodynamic of a dissipative structure composed of two main dissipative substructures perfectly connected through interfaces by a linking substructure. The linking substructure is flexible and is modeled in the context of the general linear viscoelasticity theory, yielding damping and stiffness operators depending on the frequency, while the two main dissipative substructures are modeled in the context of linear elasticity with an additional classical viscous damping modeling which is assumed to be independent of the frequency. We present recent advances adapted to such a situation, which is positioned with respect to an appropriate review that we carry out on the different methods used in dynamic substructuring. It consists in constructing a reduced-order model using the free-interface elastic modes of the two main substructures and, for the linking substructure, an appropriate frequency-independent elastostatic lifting operator and the frequency-dependent fixed-interface vector basis.     

Optimal design of a 2-DOF parallel manipulator with actuation redundancy considering kinematics and natural frequency

In this paper, a planar 2-DOF parallel manipulator with actuation redundancy is proposed and the optimal design considering kinematics and natural frequency is presented. The stiffness matrix and mass matrix are derived, and the structural dynamics is modeled. The natural frequency is obtained on the basis of dynamic model. Based on the kinematic performance, the range for link length is given. Then, considering the natural frequency, the geometry is optimized. The natural frequency is simulated and compared with the corresponding non-redundant parallel manipulator. The designed redundant parallel manipulator has desired kinematic performance and natural frequency and is incorporated into a 4-DOF hybrid machine tool.     

The construction of free–free flexibility matrices for multilevel structural analysis

This article considers a generalization of the classical structural flexibility matrix. It expands on previous papers by taking a deeper look at computational considerations at the substructure level. Direct or indirect computation of flexibilities as “influence coefficients” has traditionally required pre-removal of rigid body modes by imposing appropriate support conditions, mimicking experimental arrangements. With the method presented here the flexibility of an individual element or substructure is directly obtained as a particular generalized inverse of the free–free stiffness matrix. This generalized inverse preserves the stiffness spectrum. The definition is element independent and only involves access to the stiffness generated by a standard finite element program and the separate construction of an orthonormal rigid-body mode basis. The free–free flexibility has proven useful in special application areas of finite element structural analysis, notably massively parallel processing, model reduction and damage localization. It can be computed by solving sets of linear equations and does not require processing an eigenproblem or performing a singular value decomposition. If substructures contain thousands of d.o.f., exploitation of the stiffness sparseness is important. For that case this paper presents a computation procedure based on an exact penalty method, and a projected rank-regularized inverse stiffness with diagonal entries inserted by the sparse factorization process. These entries can be physically interpreted as penalty springs. This procedure takes advantage of the stiffness sparseness while forming the full free–free flexibility, or a boundary subset, and is backed by an in-depth null space analysis for robustness.     

基于UM的磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合振动仿真程序开发

基于大型通用多体动力学仿真分析平台Universal Mechanism(UM),开发用于磁浮列车 轨道梁耦合振动仿真的专用程序UM Maglev,其中：磁浮列车设置为多刚体模型,弹簧和阻尼器的刚度和阻尼视为线性或非线性力元;轨道梁设置为三维铁木辛柯梁模型,或从外部有限元软件导入模态分析结果;轨道线路包含平面和纵断面曲线、超高和轨面随机不平顺;悬浮和导向系统控制采用PID模型;多体动力学系统微分 代数方程求解采用Park刚性稳定法。该程序可用于考察磁浮列车的曲线通过性能、运行平稳性和乘坐舒适度,研究悬浮/导向气隙与磁浮控制系统参数优化,分析轨道梁在动态电磁力作用下的振动响应。     

BLISS/S: a new method for two-level structural optimization

The paper describes a two-level method for structural optimization for a minimum weight under the local strength and displacement constraints. The method divides the optimization task into separate optimizations of the individual substructures (in the extreme, the individual components) coordinated by the assembled structure optimization. The substructure optimizations use local cross-sections as design variables and satisfy the highly nonlinear local constraints of strength and buckling. The design variables in the assembled structure optimization govern the structure overall shape and handle the displacement constraints. The assembled structure objective function is the objective in each of the above optimizations. The substructure optimizations are linked to the assembled structure optimization by the sensitivity derivatives. The method was derived from a previously reported two-level optimization method for engineering systems, e.g. aerospace vehicles, that comprise interacting modules to be optimized independently, coordination provided by a system-level optimization. This scheme was adapted to structural optimization by treating each substructure as a module in a system, and using the standard finite element analysis as the system analysis. A numerical example, a hub structure framework, is provided to show the new method agreement with a standard, no-decomposition optimization. The new method advantage lies primarily in the autonomy of the individual substructure optimization that enables concurrency of execution to compress the overall task elapsed time. The advantage increases with the magnitude of that task. Received December 5, 1999?Revised mansucript received April 26, 2000     

嵌入多层黏弹性胶膜复合材料阻尼工字梁的多目标设计优化

针对嵌入多层黏弹性胶膜的复合材料阻尼工字梁,传统的混合单元法在进行结构动态分析与设计优化时存在很大困难的问题,采用基于离散层理论的多层梁单元建模分析复合材料阻尼工字梁.通过对正交各向异性铺层和腹板进行等效处理的方法,对工字梁凸缘嵌入单层阻尼层模型进行参数化分析;分别对嵌入多层或单层阻尼层的模型建立多目标优化模型,优化目标为模态损耗因子和固有频率最大化,设计变量为阻尼层层数（厚度）及其嵌入位置;应用多目标遗传算法进行优化求解.结果表明：基于离散层理论的阻尼梁单元计算精度好且易于优化,对于嵌入单层较厚阻尼和嵌入多层较薄阻尼的复合材料工字梁,获得的阻尼效果与动刚度损失基本相当,但对于高阻尼的方案,前者比后者的动刚度损失更大.     

舰载机前起落架突伸的动力学响应分析

为研究舰载机前轮拖拽弹射起飞技术,基于多体系统动力学理论,建立模拟舰载机前起落架突伸的4自由度多体动力学模型,推导出系统的动力学微分方程.利用该模型,用数值方法仿真舰载机前起落架的突伸运动,得出突伸过程中舰载机的重心位置、俯仰角和前起落架空气弹簧力等参数的动态响应特性.仿真结果可为舰载机及其起落架设计提供参考.     

System reduction in multibody dynamics of wind turbines

A system reduction scheme is devised related to a multibody formulation from which the dynamic response of a wind turbine is determined. In this formulation, each substructure is described in its own frame of reference, which is moving freely in the vicinity of the moving substructure. The Ritz bases spanning the reduced system comprises of rigid body modes and some dynamic low-frequency elastic eigenmodes compatible to the kinematic constraints of the related substructure. The high-frequency elastic modes are presumed to cause merely quasi-static displacements, and thus are included in the expansion via a quasi-static correction. The results show that by using the derived reduction scheme it is only necessary with 2 dynamical modes for the blade substructure when the remaining modes are treated as quasi-static. Moreover, it is shown that it has little to none effect if the gyroscopic stiffness matrix during a stopped situation or under nominal operational conditions is used to derive the functional basis of the modal expansion.     

结构参数对超磁致伸缩致动器动态特性的影响

本文从Terfenol—D棒的线性压磁方程出发,建立了超磁致伸缩致动器（GMA）轴向方向的传递函数动态仿真模型,研究了其主要结构参数,即Terfenol—D棒半径r和长度l、碟簧刚度kF、负载质量MF在对GMA阻尼系数ξ、固有频率f和动态性能指标上升时间tr、调节时间ts、超调量δ的影响。给出了具有优良动态性能的GMA应满足的两个条件,即阻尼系数ξ为0．707和系统固有频率f等于GMA交流驱动频率。最后,根据这两个条件对设计出的GMA进行了结构参数优化,当r=20mm,l=60mm,MF=0．57kg,kF=2000N／mm时,ξ=0．706,f=5680．7HZ,动态性能指标上升时间tr=0．943×10^-5s、调节时间ts=1．29×10^-4s,超调量δ=4％,明显改善了GMA的动态性能和稳态性能。