两种不同供肾来源肾移植受体疗效的临床随访研究

目的:比较国人活体肾移植与尸体肾移植的疗效并分析相关因素。方法:对同期154例活体肾移植受体(活体供肾组)和包括DCD供体在内的262例尸体肾移植受体(尸体供肾组)随访12~58个月,分析比较两组患者移植肾并发症、肾功能和人肾累积存活率情况。结果:活体供肾组和尸体供肾组分别发生急性排斥反应(AR)18例(11.7%)和59例(22.5%)(P=0.006),移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)6例(3.9%)和28例(10.7%)(P=0.015)。两组在7天、1、3、6、12、36个月六个随访点的Ccr和Scr结果显示,早期活体供肾组移植肾功能恢复稍快,但在术后12和36个月时,两组Ccr和Scr的差异并无统计学意义。活体供肾组和尸体供肾组在整个随访期内的人肾累积存活率差异也无统计学意义,1年时人累积存活率分别为96.5%和97.9%(P=0.414),移植物累积存活率为96.2%和97.4%(P=0.726);3年时人累积存活率分别为96.2%和95.8%(P=0.846),移植物累积存活率为93.7%和92.8%(P=0.875)。结论:两种供肾方式受体1年和3年人肾累积存活率相似。活体肾移植受体AR、DGF等并发症发生率较低,早期肾功能恢复稍快,但1年及3年时肾功能与尸体肾移植相似,随访期内活体供肾组受体最佳肾功能出现在术后3年时,而尸体供肾组出现在术后3个月时。     

亲属活体供肾动脉轻度狭窄对肾移植受者术后早期肾功能和并发症的影响

目的探讨亲属活体供肾动脉轻度狭窄对肾移植受者术后早期肾功能和并发症的影响。方法回顾性分析14例供肾动脉轻度狭窄的亲属活体肾移植与50例标准亲属活体肾移植供、受者的临床资料。比较两组供者术后血清肌酐(Scr)水平。比较两组受者术后1、3、6个月的Scr水平;比较两组受者移植肾存活率及移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)、急性排斥反应、肺部感染的发生率。结果两组供者术后Scr水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。两组术后1、3、6个月Scr水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。两组受者移植肾存活率,DGF、急性排斥反应、肺部感染的发生率比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论亲属活体供肾动脉轻度狭窄对肾移植受者术后肾功能和并发症的影响不大,可纳入标准供体供肾范围。     

供体年龄对活体肾移植预后的影响

目的 探讨供体年龄对活体肾移植预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年至2011年间在我院实施的活体亲属肾移植217例,按供体年龄或供受体年龄差异分组,随访并比较各组受者的血肌酐水平和术后并发症情况.结果 随着供体年龄的增长,受体移植术后血肌酐水平呈上升趋势.与供受体年龄差＜-5岁组比较,供体年龄差＞5岁组的Scr水平在1个月[(143.5±42.1) μmol/L比(114.4±30.4)μ mol/L]、3个月[(139.9±36.6) μmol/L比(110.6 ±33.3)μmol/L]、1年[(132.1±22.1)μmol/L比(105.5±35.9) μmol/L]及2年(132.0±45.4) μmol/L比(97.2±17.5) μmol/L]均增高,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).与年轻供肾组(＜50岁)相比,老年供肾组(＞50岁)的急性排斥反应发生率(19.4％比9.7％)和慢性排斥反应发生率(9.7％比1.4％)也显著增高(均P＜ 0.05).术后人及肾的存活率比较差异无统计学意义.供受体年龄差异是术后2年Scr水平异常的独立危险因素(OR=5.010,P＜0.05).结论 供体年龄是肾移植预后的重要影响因素,老年供肾的疗效较差.     

老年活体亲属供肾移植的安全性分析

目的 探讨老年活体亲属供肾移植供体、受体的围手术期并发症、疗效及安全性.方法 亲属活体供肾移植132例,分为老年供体组(≥55岁,43例)和中青年供体组(＜55岁,89例);对供受体的住院时间、手术前后血肌酐(SCr)、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、并发症以及受体的急性排斥反应率、人/肾存活率等进行比较分析.结果 2组供者术前SCr分别为(77.67±15.21)、(83.09±15.98)μmol/L,术后7 d分别为(109.54±22.32)、(106.56±23.46)μmol/L,均在正常范围内,2组间各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).术后3个月2组供者SCr分别为(112.57±20.87)、(104.29±19.43)μmol/L,与术前比较分别上升44.93%和25.51%,老年供体组比中青年供体组供者scr升高更明显.差异有统计学意义(P=0.0268).2组术前CCr分别为(1.63±0.34)、(1.56±0.25)ml/s,术后10 d分别为(0.83±0.29)、(1.11±0.27)ml/s.老年供体组术后3个月CCr为(0.97±0.10)ml/s,中青年供体组为(1.16±0.17)ml/s.2组手术前后CCr变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).老年供体组术后10 d的留存肾GFR为(36.58±13.26)ml/min,术后3个月增加至(52.31±12.74)ml/min,达到原双肾GFR[(73.01±20.96)ml/min]的71.65%.中青年供体组术后10 d GFR为(38.32±10.79)ml/min,术后3个月增至(56.31±12.95)m1/min,达到原双肾GFR[(78.34±20.98)ml/min]的71.88%.手术前后GFR变化差异均无统计学意义,P值均＞0.05.供者手术并发症包括术中脾脏包膜下血肿1例、降结肠破裂1例和切口脂肪液化5例.术前和术后各时间点2组受者SCr水平差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).2组供者平均住院时间分别为(13.2±3.4)和(12.8±2.6)d,P=0.4563.2组受者平均住院时间分别为(23.1±11.9)和(22.3士11.4)d,P=0.6991.老年供体组受者6个月内急性排斥反应发生率为4.7%(2/43),中青年供体组为7.9%(7/89).术后1年内2组各死亡1例,中青年供体组因急性排斥反应移植肾失功1例.结论 老年活体亲属供肾可能存在一定危险性,应予以重视,但供体年龄并非独立风险因素.在严格控制老年供者的纳入标准、对供者进行全面系统评估的情况下,老年供体活体肾移植的供体和受体围手术期并发症/疗效及安全性与中青年供体比较无明显差异.     

活体肾移植供肾肾小球滤过率对受体早期肾功能的影响

目的 探讨活体肾移植供肾肾小球滤过率( GFR)对受体早期肾功能的影响.方法 2006年至2011年在本中心接受活体肾移植172例为研究对象,其中亲属供肾166例(96.5％),夫妻供肾5例(2.9％),帮扶供肾1例(0.6％).术前应用放射性核素99mTC-DTPA肾动态显像测定供体左右肾GFR.供体的双肾GFR为62～148 ml/min,将对象分为供肾GFR≤45ml/min受体76例和供肾GFR＞45 ml/min 96例.两组受体的透析情况、冷、热缺血时间、抗体诱导及免疫抑制方案、HLA错配率等基本资料相似.评价患者术后早期肾功能变化情况.结果 两组患者术后急性排斥反应以及肾功能延迟恢复( DGF)发生率差异无统计学意义.与供肾GFR≤45 ml/min组比较,供肾GFR＞45 ml/min组的Scr在术后1周、1个月、3个月、1年均较低,其中术后1周的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1个月、3个月、1年的差异均无统计学意义.重复测量的方差分析显示术后1年内两组受体Scr变化差异无统计学意义.结论 活体肾移植供肾GFR高低对受体术后1周Scr下降水平有影响,供肾GFR高者受体术后1周Scr水平低,但是对受体术后早期(1年内)的Scr整体水平及变化趋势无显著影响.     

活体肾移植供体中期安全性随访报告

目的 了解活体肾移植供体术后情况,评价供者术后中期生活质量和安全性.方法 对87名活体肾移植供体进行中期随访,每次随访的内容包括填写调查问卷,了解并发症和肾功能情况.结果 随访时间为术后12~65个月.供体中有10 %认为捐肾对其婚姻有不利影响,供体仍感切口有轻度疼痛占59 %,感觉体力下降占61 %,因供肾而改变工种...     

心脏死亡器官捐献扩展标准供体肾移植早期临床效果分析

目的比较扩展标准供体(ECD)及标准供体(SCD)肾移植的早期临床效果。方法回顾性分析接受心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾肾移植的85例受体临床资料。根据供体类型,将相应受体分为ECD组(31例)和SCD组(54例)。比较两组受体肾移植术后3个月内血清肌酐(Scr)水平、早期并发症发生情况及预后情况。结果 ECD组和SCD组术后1个月内的Scr水平差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05),ECD组术后60、90 d的Scr水平分别为(189±97)、(175±69)μmol/L,明显高于SCD组的(142±49)、(135±41)μmol/L(P=0.005,0.002)。ECD组和SCD组的急性排斥反应(AR)发生率分别为6%和15%,移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)发生率分别为23%和19%,肺部感染发生率分别为10%和6%,其他早期并发症发生率分别为32%和15%,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。ECD组和SCD组人存活率分别为97%和94%,ECD组和SCD组肾存活率分别为84%和91%,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论与SCD相比,ECD肾移植亦可获得相当的早期临床效果。在目前供肾来源严重缺乏的条件下,ECD的使用可以扩大供肾来源。     

供肾穿刺活检在亲属活体肾移植中的应用及边缘供肾对受者预后的影响

目的 分析供肾穿刺活榆在亲属活体肾移植中对供肾质量的诊断价值及边缘供肾对亲属活体肾移植受者早期预后的影响.方法 2004年2月至2008年7月142例亲属活体肾移植患者,按照供体年龄和供肾情况分为边缘供者组(51例)和非边缘供者组(91例).并对49例亲属活体供肾行细针穿刺活检术.分析2组受者的术后血肌酐(Scr)变...     

少数民族亲属活体肾移植22例分析

目的总结少数民族亲属活体肾移植的经验。方法对少数民族尿毒症患者22例行亲属活体供肾肾移植。其中男性受体17例，女性受体5例，年龄17～66岁，平均43．2岁。男性供体18例，女性供体4例，年龄21～52岁，平均28岁。除1例为夫妻供肾外，其余均为血缘亲属供肾。人类白细胞抗原（HLA）全配1例，HLA完全错配1例，单倍体相同11例，5个抗原错配9例。均采用开放手术取肾。术后采用环孢素、霉酚酸酯、泼尼松预防排斥反应。结果所有供者平安度过围手术期，未发生任何并发症，随访6～24个月，血肌酐正常。受者术后1例因心源性疾病猝死；21例存活，其中1例发生移植肾功能延迟恢复，2例术后1周内发生急性排斥反应，给予抗淋巴球蛋白冲击后正常。随访24个月，肾功能正常。结论亲属活体肾移植组织配型好，冷热缺血时间短，发生排斥反应少，免疫抑制剂用量小，移植肾存活率高，可改善不同种族阃移植肾存活率低的状况。     

供肾穿刺活检在亲属活体肾移植中的应用及边缘供肾对受者预后的影响

目的 分析供肾穿刺活榆在亲属活体肾移植中对供肾质量的诊断价值及边缘供肾对亲属活体肾移植受者早期预后的影响.方法 2004年2月至2008年7月142例亲属活体肾移植患者,按照供体年龄和供肾情况分为边缘供者组(51例)和非边缘供者组(91例).并对49例亲属活体供肾行细针穿刺活检术.分析2组受者的术后血肌酐(Scr)变化、Scr最低值、所需时间、术后并发症发生率.结果 49例亲属活体供肾中13例发生病理改变.边缘供者组受者Scr在术后4周、12周、6月及最低Scr水平均高于非边缘供者组(均P＜0.05),而术后12个月、24个月、36个月Scr和Scr恢复至最低水平所需时间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).边缘供肾受者术后并发症发生率与非边缘供肾受者差异无统计学意义.结论 边缘供肾受者的早期临床疗效是理想的,但术后血肌酐基线较非边缘供肾患者高,应严格控制其纳入标准.供肾穿刺活检有利于发现常规无创检查难以发现的潜在肾脏疾病,对供受者具有重要诊断和治疗价值.     

供肾穿刺活检在亲属活体肾移植中的应用及边缘供肾对受者预后的影响

目的 分析供肾穿刺活榆在亲属活体肾移植中对供肾质量的诊断价值及边缘供肾对亲属活体肾移植受者早期预后的影响.方法 2004年2月至2008年7月142例亲属活体肾移植患者,按照供体年龄和供肾情况分为边缘供者组(51例)和非边缘供者组(91例).并对49例亲属活体供肾行细针穿刺活检术.分析2组受者的术后血肌酐(Scr)变化、Scr最低值、所需时间、术后并发症发生率.结果 49例亲属活体供肾中13例发生病理改变.边缘供者组受者Scr在术后4周、12周、6月及最低Scr水平均高于非边缘供者组(均P＜0.05),而术后12个月、24个月、36个月Scr和Scr恢复至最低水平所需时间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).边缘供肾受者术后并发症发生率与非边缘供肾受者差异无统计学意义.结论 边缘供肾受者的早期临床疗效是理想的,但术后血肌酐基线较非边缘供肾患者高,应严格控制其纳入标准.供肾穿刺活检有利于发现常规无创检查难以发现的潜在肾脏疾病,对供受者具有重要诊断和治疗价值.     

零点活检对活体肾移植术后受体肾功能的预测价值

目的探讨活体肾移植供肾零点活检对受体术后1年内移植肾功能的预测价值。方法 149例活体肾移植受者,根据是否同意活检和活检是否发现异常分为3组：未活检组（63例）,活检正常组（58例）和活检异常组（28例）。受体术后平均随访8个月,比较3组间受体术后移植肾功能恢复情况。结果供肾零点活检异常率为33%,其中肾小管炎7例,肾小管萎缩5例,肾小球硬化8例,肾小球钙化3例,肾小球玻璃样变3例,肾间质炎7例,肾间质纤维化1例,系膜增生2例以及小动脉玻璃样变2例（部分病例有一种以上病理改变）。供者年龄与移植前零点活检异常相关（P〈0.05）。从术后1个月之后至术后1年内,活检异常组各时间点受体血清肌酐均高于未活检组和活检正常组（均为P〈0.05）;术后3个月,活检异常组各时间点受体肾小球滤过率均低于未活检组和活检正常组（P〈0.05）,但术后1年内3组各随访时间点的血尿素氮比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后6个月内重复测量趋势分析显示,与活检正常组比较,活检异常组的血清肌酐和肾小球滤过率的变化趋势差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0.05）,活检异常组的血清肌酐与未活检组比较差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论活体供肾零点活检结果对术后1年内特别是术后6个月内移植肾功能有预测价值,具有临床实用性。     

Predonation Quality of Life and Early Postdonation Safety of Older Living Renal Donors in China

Background

Studies on the safety of older living renal donors are lacking in China.

Methods

We observed 142 consecutive living renal donors before and early after (7 days) the operation. There were no prisoners used as donors or recipients. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: older than 50 years of age (n = 40) or younger age (n = 102). We compared differences in early safety between the 2 groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in 8 aspects of the predonation quality of life using the SF-36 questionnaire, except for physical function (P < .001). Zero hour biopsies performed on 52 kidneys showed 15 to display abnormal renal tissues (28.85%), which was significantly greater among the older age group (P = .034). The perioperative indexes were similar between the 2 groups; however, the hospital stay was longer in the older group (P = .034). Compared with the younger group, the older group generally showed a lower creatinine clearance (CCr; P < .001), higher cystatin c (P = .006), and similar serum creatinine (Scr) preoperatively, conditions that persisted at 7 days postoperatively. Although the increased Scr and reduced CCr were present in all donors, the changes in Scr and CCr were similar between the 2 groups. Differences in urinary micro-albumin and proteinuria before and after operation were not significantly different for both groups.

Conclusions

Increased use of older living kidney donors in China may be a safe strategy to meet the demand for transplantation. However, long-term outcomes need further follow-up.     

生理盐水替代HTK保存液保存活体供肾的临床研究

目的 探讨生理盐水替代组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸(histidine-tryptophan-ketoglurate,HTK)保存液对活体移植肾功能恢复的作用及可行性.方法 亲属活体供肾肾移植的患者82例,按患者意愿分为生理盐水组(29例)和HTK组(53例).生理盐水组用生理盐水作为移植肾灌注液,HTK组用HTK保存液作...     

Living unrelated donors in kidney transplants: better long-term results than with non-HLA-identical living related donors?

BACKGROUND: Given the severe organ shortage and the documented superior results obtained with living (vs. cadaver) donor kidney transplants, we have adopted a very aggressive policy for the use of living donors. Currently, we make thorough attempts to locate a living related donor (LRD) or a living unrelated donor (LURD) before proceeding with a cadaver transplant. METHODS: We compared the results of our LURD versus LRD transplants to determine any significant difference in outcome. RESULTS: Between 1/1/84 and 6/30/98, we performed 711 adult kidney transplants with non-HLA-identical living donors. Of these, 595 procedures used LRDs and 116 used LURDs. Immunosuppression for both groups was cyclosporine-based, although LURD recipients received 5-7 days of induction therapy (antilymphocyte globulin or antithymocyte globulin), whereas LRD recipients did not. LURD recipients tended to be older, to have inferior HLA matching, and to have older donors than did the LRD recipients (all factors potentially associated with decreased graft survival). Short-term results, including initial graft function and incidence of acute rejection, were similar in the two groups. LURD recipients had a slightly higher incidence of cytomegalovirus disease (P=NS). We found no difference in patient and graft survival rates. However, the incidence of biopsy-proven chronic rejection was significantly lower among LURD recipients (16.7% for LRD recipients and 10.0% for LURD recipients at 5 years posttransplant; P=0.05). LRD recipients also had a greater incidence of late (>6 months posttransplant) acute rejection episodes than did the LURD recipients (8.6% vs. 2.6%, P=0.04). The exact reason for these findings is unknown. CONCLUSION: Although LURD recipients have poorer HLA matching and older donors, their patient and graft survival rates are equivalent to those of non-HLA-identical LRD recipients. The incidence of biopsy-proven chronic rejection is lower in LURD transplants. Given this finding and the superior results of living donor (vs. cadaver) transplants, a thorough search should be made for a living donor-LRD or LURD-before proceeding with a cadaver transplant.     

活体肾移植供体应用乌司他丁对受体肾功能影响的研究

目的研究乌司他丁应用于活体肾移植供体对受体术后移植肾功能的影响。方法选择行活体肾移植的供体和受体40对,按其供体是否应用乌司他丁分为乌司他丁组和对照组,每组20对。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。乌司他丁组供体在麻醉前即以乌司他丁5kU／kg静脉泵入。比较两组受者的一般资料;比较两组受者麻醉前、麻醉后、受体血管开放时和手术结束时的平均动脉压和心率;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测两组受者麻醉前、手术结束时和手术结束后24h血浆胱抑素C和α1-微球蛋白（α1-microglobulin,α1-MG）水平。结果两组受体的年龄、性别、体重指数、手术时问、术中输液量、术后24h尿量、冷缺血时间和热缺血时间比较差异无统计学意义（均为P〉0．05）。两组受体的平均动脉压和心率在各个时间点比较差异无统计学意义（均为P〉0．05）。受体手术结束时、手术结束后24h两个时间点的血浆胱抑素C和α1-MG水平较麻醉前时间点明显下降,两组在同时间点比较差异亦无统计学意义（均为P〉0．05）。结论本研究供体所应用乌司他丁的剂量和方法对移植后肾功能的改善效果不显著。     

Living related kidney donors over 60 years old

The lack of available cadaveric organs for transplantation has resulted in an increased number of kidney transplants from living donors. During a period of 6 years, 149 kidney transplantations were performed from living related donors in our institute, 33.5% of whom were older than 60 years of age. In this study we examined the survival of patients and grafts as well as the graft function in 50 patients with transplants from donors over 60 years (mean age 65 years) as compared with those of 99 patients with transplants from donors younger than 60 years (mean age 47 years). There were no significant differences in the course of donor nephrectomy, postoperative complications, or remnant kidney function. However, delayed graft function occurred more frequently in recipients of transplants from older donors. Improvement in graft function was also slower in recipients of kidneys from older donors, with significant differences in serum creatinine levels observed during the first 12 months after transplantation. More frequent acute complications and more progressive chronic graft failure, irrespective of the causes, occurred during the 1st post-transplant year in recipients with grafts from older donors. Five-year patient survival (77% vs 92%) and kidney graft survival differed significantly for the same period with worse results for patients receiving grafts from older donors. It may be concluded that kidney grafts from donors older than 60 years — and especially those older than 70 years — may be used for living related kidney transplantation, but with precautions.     

Organ donation by living donors in isolated pancreas and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation]

We studied retrospectively 106 pancreas transplants from living donors. Of these, 83 were solitary pancreas transplants, done between June 1979 and December 1997 (51 pancreas transplants alone for non-uremic recipients as well as 32 pancreas-after-kidney transplants for previously uremic recipients with a functioning kidney graft), and 23 were simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants (SPK), done between March 1994 and December 1997. In all, 105 (99%) donors were genetically related to the recipients. Perioperative donor mortality was 0%. Donor complications included 9 splenectomies as well as 4 operatively drained and 7 percutaneously managed peripancreatic fluid collections. We noted hyperglycemia in 3 (3%) donors (all among the initial cases in this series). The 1-year survival rate was 50% for solitary pancreas recipients and 78% (pancreas) and 100% (kidney) for SPK recipients. Of the 5 pancreas graft losses which occurred after SPK, 3 were due to thrombosis, 1 to pancreatitis and infection, and 1 to chronic rejection. Currently, all kidney grafts and 18 pancreas grafts are functioning in these 23 dual organ recipients (with 0% recipient mortality). Living donor pancreas and SPK grafting is associated with low donor morbidity and good graft outcome. With stringent donor criteria and appropriate counseling of the prospective donor/recipient pairs, living donor pancreas transplants may become a more widely applied therapeutic alternative for selected non-uremic and uremic patients with Type I diabetes.