混合制冷工质R134a/R142b池核沸腾传热强化研究

混合制冷工质的传热性能差,使得其应用受到一定限制,而采用适当的强化传热技术可以大大提高混合制冷工质传热性能。实验的热流密度范围内,在相同的热流密度条件下,非共沸混合制冷剂Ｒ１３４ａ／Ｒ１４２ｂ在机械加工表面多孔管外沸腾传热膜系数是光滑管的１．７８～３．３３倍。     

混合工质沸腾,冷凝传热研究的最新进展：（Ⅱ）冷凝传热

本文综述了近期发表的涉及混合物冷凝传热的５０多篇论文。内容包括在管内外的自然对流与强制对流条件下混合物冷凝传热特性，流动状态以及强化传热方法等等。     

混合物流动沸腾传热研究

引言由于热泵技术发展的需要,多组分混合物流动沸腾传热的计算方法已成为当前传热研究的前沿课题．经研究发现当前的流动沸腾传热模型并非都能适用于多组分的计算．比如,加和模型由于抑制因子S与混合工质的种类及组成有关,而当前又尚未研究出一个通用算式,故使该模型在用于多组分混合物流动沸腾传热时遇到困难．造成困难的主要原因是混合物流动沸腾传热过程中传质阻力的影响不容忽视,然而混合物传质系数的计算又非常困难,目前尚无可用于实际系统的理论方法,实验数据也很少,还停留在经验阶段．近些年虽然对流动沸腾传质阻力的校正提…     

双组分混合制冷工质沸腾换热理论研究

基于单组分工质池沸腾动态微液层预测模型,提出了预测双组分混合工质沸腾换热系数的理论模型。该模型认为沸腾换热的机理主要是由于在气泡的周期生长过程中所形成微液层的蒸发。模型中考虑了气泡生长过程中液体传质对传热的影响,给出了气泡生长过程中传热面上气液固接触的动态构造。利用本模型所得预测结果与实验结果能够较好地符合。     

混合工质沸腾,冷凝传热研究最新进展(Ⅰ)沸腾传热

本文综述了近十年来发表的有关混合物池沸腾、流动沸腾、降膜沸腾、管内外自然对流冷凝及强制对流冷凝传热研究的成果和现状,详述了混合工质沸腾,冷凝的现象、机理及其传热强化的方法,并对该领域的深入研究提出了新建议。     

非共沸混合工质的冷凝强化传热研究

在花瓣管螺旋隔板冷凝器,低肋管螺旋隔板冷凝器上,对作为替代工质的非共沸混合物R407c的传热性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,花瓣管螺旋隔板冷凝器具有十分优越的强化传热性能,在相同的热流密度下,花瓣管螺旋隔板冷凝器的总传热系数是低肋管螺旋隔板的1.25-1.7倍,是板式冷凝器的1.35-2.1倍;低肋管螺旋隔板冷凝器的总传热系数也为板式冷凝器的1.1-1.25倍。     

混合工质林德节流制冷技术的发展分析

单工质单级蒸汽压缩式制冷循环是目前最成熟的制冷技术,但在低温温区（?40℃以下）具有一定局限性,而混合工质节流制冷技术能够适应不同温区,特别在深低温区极具研究价值。本文介绍了共沸、近共沸及非共沸混合物制冷剂的原理及特点。研究发现,共沸和近共沸混合工质制冷剂与单工质具有相似的性质;单级压缩混合工质制冷机依靠非共沸混合制冷剂的高度温变相变特性实现深度制冷。阐述了一种混合工质林德循环系统（LHR）的国内外发展历史和研究现状,指出LHR经历了开式循环、多级压缩闭式和单级压缩闭式循环3个发展阶段。最后结合混合工质林德循环系统实验,提出了增加风冷预冷器、回热器发泡保温等改进措施及研究优化重点,包括混合工质组分及最佳配比、热物性计算、换热器保温等方面的优化。     

沸腾传热及核态沸腾的汽泡动力学研究简述

本文简要概述了沸腾传热类型和沸腾传热曲线,分析探讨了影响核态沸腾传热的主要因素及核态沸腾传热模型,讨论了形成汽泡核所需的液体过热度、汽泡的生长,汽泡的脱离直径、汽泡的脱离频率及汽化核心密度等汽泡动力学规律。     

气升式环流反应器内传质行为的分析与测量

1 INTRODUCTION Airlift loop reactors have emerged as one of the most promising devices in chemical, biochemical and environmental engineering operations. Its main ad-vantages over conventional reactors include excellent contact among different phases, ease of removal or replenishment of particles, and high heat and mass transfer rates[1]. High gas-liquid contacting area and favorable flow pattern are the attractive features of this type of three-phase contactors. Typical processes that ca…     

碳酸钙在流动过冷沸腾条件下的结垢机理研究

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces during subcooled flow boiling is a frequent engineering problem in process industries. It has been generally observed that the deposits in such industrial systems consist mainly of calcium carbonate （CaCO3）, which has inverse solubility characteristics. This investigation focused on the mechanism to control deposition and the morphology of crystalline deposits. A series of experiments were carried out at different surface and bulk temperatures, fluid velocities and salt ion concentrations. It is shown that the deposition rate is controlled by different mechanism in the range of experimental parameters, depending on salt ion concentration. At higher ion concentration, the fouling rate increases linearly with surface temperature and the effect of flow velocity on deposition rate is quite strong, suggesting that mass diffusion controls the fouling process. On the contrary, at lower ion concentration, the fouling rate increases exponentially with surface temperature and is independent of the velocity, illustrating that surface reaction controls the fouling process. By analysis of the morphology of scale, two types of crystal （calcite and aragonite） are formed. The lower the temperature and ion concentration, the longer the induction period and the higher the percentage of calcite nreciDitated.     

甲醇在改进型机加工多孔管上池核沸腾换热特性的研究

测度了甲醇在９根第二代机械加工表面多孔管（ＪＫ－２管）、１根第一代机械加工表面多孔管（ＪＫ－１管）和１根光滑管上的单管饱和池沸腾传热系数,结果表明,ＪＫ－２管比ＪＫ－１管能更有效地强化甲醇的池沸腾传热。提出了一个简化的池核沸腾强化传热机理,并导出了相应的池核沸腾强化的传热关联式,该关联式与实验数据吻合良好。     

并流喷射填料塔板流体力学及传质性质性能的实验研究

The jet co-flow packing tray(JCPT) with three different types of perforation in equal opening fraction was tested in two rectangular columns with 0.12 m in width and 0.27 m in length operated with air-water system.The influences of gas phase orifice F-factor and clear liquid height He on the amount of liquid lifted, Q, were examined. The corresponding correlation between Q with F-factor and equivalent diameter of perforated holes as well as Hc was obtained. Furthermore, the non-steady state mass transfer performance of JCPT was tested by the humidification of air with water. Finally, by the analysis of data and comparison, it was found that the JCPT tray with single cap and two holes exhibited the highest mass transfer efficiency and best performance.     

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of δ-Al2O3-R141b nanofluid on horizontal plate

对δ-Al₂O₃-R141b纳米流体在0.1 MPa系统压力下进行了池内沸腾传热性能测试。沸腾表面为2000^#砂纸打磨的光滑紫铜表面,沸腾热通量为30～130 kW·m^-2,纳米流体的体积浓度为0.1%、0.01%、0.001%。实验表明纳米流体强化了沸腾传热特性,且强化倍数随着纳米流体浓度的增加而增大。体积浓度为0.1%时,沸腾传热系数比基液增大了50.2%。分析认为表面颗粒沉积是强化换热的主要因素,而接触角的变化在此可以忽略。与Rohsenow关联式相比较,纯液体和较低浓度的纳米流体的实验数据与关联式吻合较好,相对误差最大不超过13%,高浓度时吻合较差关联式不再适用。     

常见液体除湿剂池内核态沸腾换热特性

溶液除湿剂的沸腾式再生能够降低除湿空调对室外环境的依赖性,而溶液的沸腾特性的研究对沸腾再生器的设计有重要意义。针对3种常规除湿溶液及一种配方型除湿剂的池内核态沸腾特性展开实验研究。研究发现:3种溶液的沸腾温度均随着浓度的增加而升高;3种溶液的沸腾传热系数均低于水,并随浓度的增加而降低,但是当浓度增大到极限时,溶液中有小颗粒析出,其传热系数却提高。相近传质能力条件下,溴化锂溶液与氯化钙溶液的沸腾换热性能优于氯化锂溶液;在氯化锂溶液中添加一定量的氯化钙溶液能够优化氯化锂溶液的沸腾换热性能。     

ENHANCEMENT OF NUCLEATE BOILING HEAT TRANSFER WITH ADDITIVES

Based on the tests of more than ten different additives, several effective additives are found capable of improving the boiling heat transfer behavior of water pronouncedly. The mechanism of the enhancement of nucleate boiling with additives has been investigated, and the results indicate that one of the important reasons is that the nucleation sites have been increased.     

Thermodynamic model for predicting phase equilibria of simple clathrate hydrates of refrigerants

In this communication, a thermodynamic model is presented for the study of the phase equilibria of clathrate hydrates of simple refrigerants. The van der Waals–Platteeuw solid solution theory is used to model the hydrate phase while it is assumed that vapor phase is an ideal gas of refrigerant ignoring its water content and the aqueous phase is considered as pure water (activity coefficient=1) ignoring aqueous solubility. The results through this model are successfully compared with the experimental data reported in the literature for clathrate hydrates of four refrigerants namely C₂H₂F₄ (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane or HFC-134a or R-134a), C₂H₄F₂ (1, 1-difluoroethane or HFC-152a or R-152a), CH₂F₂ (difluoromethane or HFC-32 or R-32), and C₂H₃Cl₂F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane or HCFC-141b or R-141b).     

替代工质R134a／R142b管束外沸腾传热强化实验研究

分析和比较了作为ＣＦＣｓ替代物的混合工质Ｒ１３４ａ／Ｒ１４２ｂ在光滑管和机械加工表面多孔管管束外的沸腾传热性能和管束效应,为氟里昂满液式蒸发器的设计提出了合理的建议,。