激光共聚焦生物芯片扫描仪的光学特性

生物芯片扫描仪是生物芯片能否得到广泛应用的关键仪器，在分析了激光共聚焦生物芯片扫描仪的成像特性的基础上，详细地论述了生物芯片扫描仪的光强分布函数，光学信息量等光学特性，从而得出生物芯片扫描仪的高分辨力特性，为研制高精度，高分辨力的生物芯片扫描仪打下了坚实的理论基础。     

生物芯片技术在包装中的应用研究

生物芯片技术作为生物技术发展的一个最新领域，近十年来，已经成为国内外研究的一个热点，在许多行业中都有不同程度的应用。本文着重介绍了生物芯片的概念、原理、结构和应用方法，针对不同生物芯片的特点，分析了其在包装技术中的不同应用方法。并对生物芯片在包装中的应用进行了展望。     

生物芯片扫描分析系统DSP软件设计

生物芯片扫描分析系统是生物芯片能否得到广泛应用的关键仪器。针对传统生物芯片扫描分析系统结构复杂、处理速度慢、体积庞大等弱点,引入DSP处理器完成扫描控制和全自动数据分析处理。DSP/BIOS的运用使得系统DSP软件设计简单化。概述了整个系统的结构,详细介绍了生物芯片扫描分析系统DSP软件结构和设计,包括DSP/BIOS的运用模块、BOOT的过程、扫描控制模块、数据处理模块和HPI模块。目前该系统已进入了稳定工作的状态。     

生物芯片微制造技术

生物芯片是受到国内外普遍重视的新技术,借助于微制造技术研究成果,近年来发展非常迅速。讨论了目前生物芯片所采用的微制造技术的特点、存在的问题和发展前景,对生物芯片的发展具有积极的现实意义。     

上转换荧光材料在生物芯片技术中的应用

介绍了上转换荧光材料的特点、应用和发展状况,特别是上转换荧光材料在生物芯片技术中的应用前景.分析了在生物芯片技术中理想荧光探针应具有的特性,并总结了上转换荧光探针比目前正在使用的荧光探针的优点.提出了把上转换荧光材料应用于生物芯片技术中的实施方案和需要解决的问题.     

两维悬浮式生物芯片及其检测方法研究

在目前悬浮生物芯片检测技术的基础上,提出了一种新颖的悬浮式生物芯片并行检测分析方法。液流推射装置产生平稳、均匀的悬浮式生物芯片溶液薄层二维微流场,使微球探针并行流入测试区域后暂时停止流动;用连续激光激发荧光,高灵敏度CCD凝结成像,实现悬浮式生物芯片的并行检测分析。采用液流周期性停止时间(100ms)与CCD曝光时间(100ms)相匹配的方法并行检测悬浮式生物芯片,每秒可检测约2000个微球探针信号。入射激光斜入射到检测面使激光光路与收集的荧光光路分离,极大提高了信噪比。采用窄带(带宽22nm)、高截止率(10-8)的滤色片有效地抑制了信号的串扰,相对误差可达3?0-5。     

组合式压电喷头制备生物芯片的方法研究

目的研发基于喷墨印刷技术的滚筒式生物芯片点样仪的组合压电喷头,介绍组合喷头的设计及其连续制备生物芯片的方法。方法该方法采用组合式压电喷头代替传统的单针头;用连续点样方式代替传统静态点样方式;用多样品同时喷点方式代替单个样品喷点方式,采用基于ARM9 S3C2416微处理器的触摸屏控制器来控制系统的运动,最后用激光跟踪仪测量了喷头连续制备生物芯片的精度。结果定位精度为8μm,重复精度为5μm,满足精度要求。结论提供了一种结构简单、方法可靠、精度高、性价比高的生物芯片制备方法。     

基于提升格形态小波的生物芯片图像增强

提出一种使用提升格形态小波进行生物芯片图像滤波增强的方法。根据生物芯片图像的样点和噪声区域的大小选择合适的结构元素或者预测-升级算子,并通过形态学算子或者提升格构造形态小波分解和重构形式。利用形态小波的不同级连方式和高频系数的处理实现生物芯片图像的滤波增强。实验表明,该方法可以有效地结合形态学和小波滤波的优势,降低了运算量,取得良好的生物芯片图像增强效果。     

生物芯片技术在临床检验医学中的应用

生物芯片技术是一项发展迅猛的高新技术,其在医学领域有很重要的应用价值,为现代医学科学及医学诊断学的发展提供了强有力的工具。特别是在临床检验医学方面,生物芯片技术已经被应用于病毒与细菌的检测、自身免疫疾病的免疫标志物的检测、遗传性疾病的检测及肿瘤免疫标志物的单一检测及其联合检测等方面。我们有理由相信,在不久的将来,生物芯片技术将在临床检验医学中发挥更大的作用。     

生物芯片相关研究

生物芯片技术是材料科学、物理学、化学、微电子学与生命科学交叉综合的高新技术，从蛋白质图案形成技术发展到ＤＮＡ芯片，以及利用图案化的细胞生长制造硅－细胞杂化体，生物芯片技术为生命科学研究和医学诊断带来了革新，并将在提高人类生命质量方面发挥越来越大的作用。     

RDX和HMX机械刺激临界反应阈值试验研究

为了研究RDX和HMX在机械刺激下的临界反应阈值以及丙酮重结晶工艺对它们的影响，采用BAM撞击感度仪和摩擦感度仪测试了不同温度条件下的临界撞击能量和临界摩擦力。结果显示，80、60、40 ℃和25 ℃下，RDX的临界撞击能量分别为5.0、7.5、7.5、7.5 J，HMX的分别为4.0、4.0、5.0、5.0 J；RDX的临界摩擦力分别为120、120、128、144 N，HMX的分别为108、108、108、120 N。丙酮重结晶后，RDX在25 ℃的临界撞击能量和临界摩擦力分别为5.0 J、128 N；HMX在80、60、40 ℃和25 ℃下的临界撞击能量均为7.5 J，临界摩擦力分别为108、108、120、128 N。撞击感度和摩擦感度的结果表明:在25~80 ℃范围内，RDX和HMX的机械感度随着温度的提高呈下降趋势，重结晶工艺对RDX和HMX的机械感度存在着一定的影响。     

极简主义在平面设计中的表现应用

目的 探索极简主义在平面设计中的表现及应用方向、路径.方法 极简主义简明、简单、独特的特点给了平面设计领域很大的发展空间,基于此,本文尝试从极简主义在平面设计中的应用价值与必要性着手,就极简主义所带来的视觉效果、作品格调与内涵等方面的强化与提升展开探索,得出两者融合与创新的可行性和重要意义,然后结合色彩、形式与内涵等方面的突出特点,对平面设计中极简主义风格的尝试进行深入分析与总结,并结合包装设计、广告设计、网页设计等设计领域详细分析应用方向与路径,总结其在未来发展的有效策略.结论 极简主义简约而不简单的特点让平面设计摆脱了烦琐的境遇,能够将有限的资源与空间合理组合,以高品质的表现形式与深刻的文化内涵为平面设计开拓更宽广的设计路径.     

Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies for Hemostatic Management of Bleeding

Bleeding complications arising from trauma, surgery, and as congenital, disease‐associated, or drug‐induced blood disorders can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in civilian and military populations. Therefore, stoppage of bleeding (hemostasis) is of paramount clinical significance in prophylactic, surgical, and emergency scenarios. For externally accessible injuries, a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials have undergone robust research, leading to hemostatic technologies including glues, bandages, tamponades, tourniquets, dressings, and procoagulant powders. In contrast, treatment of internal noncompressible hemorrhage still heavily depends on transfusion of whole blood or blood's hemostatic components (platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors). Transfusion of platelets poses significant challenges of limited availability, high cost, contamination risks, short shelf‐life, low portability, performance variability, and immunological side effects, while use of fibrinogen or coagulation factors provides only partial mechanisms for hemostasis. With such considerations, significant interdisciplinary research endeavors have been focused on developing materials and technologies that can be manufactured conveniently, sterilized to minimize contamination and enhance shelf‐life, and administered intravenously to mimic, leverage, and amplify physiological hemostatic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review regarding the various topical, intracavitary, and intravenous hemostatic technologies in terms of materials, mechanisms, and state‐of‐art is provided, and challenges and opportunities to help advancement of the field are discussed.     

A random parameters probit model of urban and rural intersection crashes

Intersections are hazardous locations and many studies have been conducted to identify the factors contributing to the frequency and severity of intersection crashes. However, little attention has been devoted to investigating the differences between crashes at urban and rural intersections, which have different road, traffic and environmental characteristics. By applying a random parameters probit model to the data from the Canadian Province of Alberta between 2008 and 2012, we find that urban intersection crashes are more likely to be associated with hit and run behaviours, roads with higher traffic volume, wet surfaces, four lanes and skewed intersections, and crashes on weekdays and off-peak hours, whereas rural crashes are likely to be associated with increases in fatalities and injuries, roads with higher speed limits, special road features, exit and entrance terminals, gravel, curvature and two lanes, crashes during weekends, peak hours and night-time, run-off-road crashes, and police visit to crash scene. Hence, road safety professionals in urban and rural areas should consider these differences when designing and implementing counter-measures to improve intersection safety, especially their safety audits and reviews, enforcement activities and education campaigns, to target the more vulnerable times and locations in the different areas.     

景影差异论

景物美不等于影像美。其原因何在,本文认为是由于双视野与单视野的效果差异、多感官与单感官感受差异、整体与局部及环境与对象之间的影响、人眼与“照相机”感光差异的影响、强度感受与“强度×时间”积累的影响、一瞥与注目的差异、选择性的影响、透视强弱的影响、视及有限与无限的影响、感受性变化的影响、清晰与朦胧的差异、瞬间与长短之影响、真实与转换的差异等单一作用或多重作用的结果。     

城市社区管理与服务设施配置类别与项目标准化研究

选取国内外社区管理服务设施标准化具有代表性的典型城市社区纽约、曼哈顿、澳大利亚、北京、上海、重庆等城市社区作为典型案例,通过对国内外典型社区管理服务设施类别和项目标准对比分析,研究发现我国要加强服务性质和功能的设施的标准化类别和项目配建;加强服务老、幼、病、弱、残等群体服务设施类别和项目的配建;加强顶层设计和长远规划,注重文化、教育、体育、休闲、公园绿地等设施类别和项目的配建.     

中国折叠炕桌案折叠机巧研究

目的 通过对折叠炕桌案的形成、发展和榫卯结构进行研究,探索折叠家具中承载的熠熠生辉的科技含量和创新成果,为现代设计和创新提供源泉。方法 用文献考证、田野考查、总结归纳等方法,并通过对考古出土、传世家具进行结构复原、测绘扫描、三维展示等方式来对折叠炕桌案进行研究分析。总结出存世折叠炕桌案的折叠结构和固定结构,并对四种不同的榫卯组合进行了深入的分析和研究。 结论 中国折叠家具通过榫卯组合来实现折叠、拆卸、插接和转动等结构,使家具完成造型变化和高度调整,满足礼仪等级、功能转换、存储存放和搬运移动等需求。折叠家具的产生可以溯源至战国两汉墓出土的矮型折叠家具,发展到明清时期后形成了更为丰富复杂的折叠结构,展现中国古代科学严谨的工匠精神和创新精神。     

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an interesting and useful class of coordination polymers, constructed from metal ion/cluster nodes and functional organic ligands through coordination bonds, and have attracted extensive research interest during the past decades. Due to the unique features of diverse compositions, facile synthesis, easy surface functionalization, high surface areas, adjustable porosity, and tunable biocompatibility, MOFs have been widely used in hydrogen/methane storage, catalysis, biological imaging and sensing, drug delivery, desalination, gas separation, magnetic and electronic devices, nonlinear optics, water vapor capture, etc. Notably, with the rapid development of synthetic methods and surface functionalization strategies, smart MOF‐based nanocomposites with advanced bio‐related properties have been designed and fabricated to meet the growing demands of MOF materials for biomedical applications. This work outlines the synthesis and functionalization and the recent advances of MOFs in biomedical fields, including cargo (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, and dyes) delivery for cancer therapy, bioimaging, antimicrobial, biosensing, and biocatalysis. The prospects and challenges in the field of MOF‐based biomedical materials are also discussed.     

2D Monoelemental Arsenene,Antimonene, and Bismuthene: Beyond Black Phosphorus

Two‐dimensional materials are responsible for changing research in materials science. After graphene and its counterparts, graphane, fluorographene, and others were introduced, waves of renewed interest in 2D binary compounds occurred, such as in metal oxides, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (most often represented by MoS₂), metal oxy/hydroxide borides, and MXenes, to name the most prominent. Recently, interest has turned to two‐dimensional monoelemental structures, such as monolayer black phosphorus and, very recently, to monolayer arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Here, a short overview is provided of the area of exponentially increasing research in arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, which belong to the fifth main group of elements, the so‐called pnictogens. A short review of historical work is provided, the properties of bulk allotropes of As, Sb, and Bi discussed, and then theoretical and experimental research on mono‐ and few‐layered arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene addressed, discussing their structures and properties.     

Engineering Single-Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking properties, coined as nanozymes, are a promising alternative to natural enzymes owing to their remarkable advantages, such as high stability, easy preparation, and favorable catalytic performance. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology and characterization techniques, single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites, well-defined electronic and geometric structures, tunable coordination environment, and maximum metal atom utilization are developed and exploited. With superior catalytic performance and selectivity, SAzymes have made impressive progress in biomedical applications and are expected to bridge the gap between artificial nanozymes and natural enzymes. Herein, the recent advances in SAzyme preparation methods, catalytic mechanisms, and biomedical applications are systematically summarized. Their biomedical applications in cancer therapy, oxidative stress cytoprotection, antibacterial therapy, and biosensing are discussed in depth. Furthermore, to appreciate these advances, the main challenges, and prospects for the future development of SAzymes are also outlined and highlighted in this review.