德昌彝族美食三绝

凉山彝族自治州是我国最大的彝族聚居区。一位彝族学者曾经这样评价过彝族：“当你走进彝家山寨的瓦板房，围坐火塘边大块大块地吃着坨坨肉时．你会发现这比吃城里餐馆那些肉丝、肉片要有意思；当你喝着彝家的圆根酸菜汤时，你会感觉这比城里餐馆的高汤还要有味道……”     

丁海涛：业精于勤 行成于思

第一眼见到丁海涛，你会发现他看起来比实际年龄要成熟。只有了解了他的成长经历，你才会明白其中缘由。因为每一天对于他来说都是忙碌而又充实的，军人出身的他，     

漫游癖

这个夏季，你会变得很多动，很渴望到一些稀奇古怪的地方去探险，也许会患上漫游癖，所以收拾好你的行囊，在这个充满阳光的夏日去做一次环球旅行吧！     

野兽电动自行车

这款叫做野兽的自行车采用钛合金＋碳纤维材料，结实又轻便，仅重33公斤。配备混合动力——可用踏板人力前行，或者通过电池来驱动电机前进。最高时速可达64公里，充满一次电可续航120公里，如果你生活在一个走路比开车快的城市，它会是个不错的选择。     

谁为貉农的伤心埋单？

中国皮毛养殖网毛皮PK中，本期话题是“貉皮200元你会怎么办？”今年的貉子生产用“疯狂”两个字丝毫不过分，貉皮价格很有可能突破200元的底线。如果你是一位养殖者，面对低价，你的选择是“卖”还是“不卖”？“卖”意味着无利润，“不卖”，还有那么多貉子嘴在等你喂料，请大家发表意见。也请你预测这一次低谷会持续多长时间？你会扛得住吗？     

神秘国度尼泊尔Nepal——加得满都的泰美尔（Thamel）区之行

旅行的滋味是会让人上瘾的。虽然总是会让你花去大把钞票，但是带回的记忆却是一生的。我怀念着异国的生活。计划着一次远行。是年度计划。也可以说是人生计划。因为。不是每个地方你都有机会再去第二次的。     

婴儿过早学走路易近视

如果你稍加留心，便会发现戴眼镜的小朋友比从前明显增多了。小小年纪视力不好，许多人将其归咎为父母的遗传或孩子看书学习姿势不正确。可是，在最近召开的一次国际光学大会上，有眼科教授提出了新的观点，认为小眼镜增多除了上诉原因之外，还有一个不可忽视的重要因素——婴儿学走路越来越早了。     

厨房里的智慧

对付陈年的油垢，给你一瓶油污专用清洁剂，实诚人会埋头硬擦，而聪明人会在先在顽垢上喷上清洁剂，然后铺一层保鲜膜，用吹风机加热2分钟后擦拭。厨房里的高手过招，比期劳更重要的，是智慧。     

创新：必须克服思维定势的束缚

有人曾做过一个有趣的实验：在一个没有盖的器皿内，几只跳蚤一起蹦跳着，每一只每一次都跳同样的高度。你绝不用担心它们会跳出器皿，跳到你身上。你可能会惊奇：为什么这些跳蚤会把蹦跳的高度控制得如此一致呢?这是训练的结果。跳蚤的训练场是一个比表演场器     

生命的图腾-胡杨

一种神奇的基因，赋予你柳的温柔，杨的倔强。不服输的魂，撑起大漠烽烟里，绿色的畅想。披着几十万年的星月，追随塔里木河流的脚步，你姗姗走来，走出一副铁马金戈戎装。黄沙劲舞，旋起你脚下多少层热涌，驼铃清脆，敲碎古道多少清寂时光。你在这得天独厚的舞台上苦练，修成一个——铮铮铁骨儿郎!没有哪种生命能与你匹敌，没有哪种生命会活得比你久长。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.