急性腹泻患者粪便中检出77株致病性弧菌

急性腹泻患者粪便中检出７７株致病性弧菌张家港市卫生防疫站崔锋为了解致病性弧菌在本市的感染情况，我们对本市各医院送检的急性腹泻便样３８５份进行了检测，现将结果报告如下。１致病性弧菌检出情况从３８５例急性腹泻便中共检出１０种、７７株弧菌科细菌。检出率为２...     

鸭绿江入海口致病性弧菌的调查分析

对鸭绿江入海口处致病性弧菌的调查结果及其污染原因的分析。从386份样品中，检出致病性弧菌5种103株，阳性率为26．68％。其中，副溶血性弧菌的阳性率为14．51％。此次监测结果表明，鸭绿江水系及其水产品中致病性弧菌的存在与人们的生活污水排放有密切关系。因此，在口岸传染病监测中，加强水源致病性弧菌的监测是非常必要的。     

2024份甲壳类,贝壳类海产品中致病性弧菌检测

致病性弧菌能引起多种疾病,在国内外有过多次报道,临床上高度重视,并从病人标本中检出10种确认的致病性弧菌。同时,致病性弧菌在海产品中广泛存在,为了解其在甲壳类、贝壳类海产品中的携带情况,我们1992—1993年间对该两类海产品进行了10种致病性弧菌检测,检出了除01群霍乱弧菌以外的全部致病性弧菌,现将检测结果报告如下。     

海产品中致病性弧菌分离方法的探讨

海产品中致病性弧菌分离方法的探讨徐景野，朱荷仙，叶智军，吕贤善邱华士（指导）我们于１９９２年９月～１９９３年８月，用直接分离和增菌后分离的方法，对食用性甲壳类、贝壳类海产品进行致病性弧菌检出比较，探讨直接分离法应用于检测致病性弧菌的可能性。材料与方法...     

进出境船舶压舱水致病性弧菌的调查

目的：了解致病性弧菌的存在情况以及其与船舶卫生控制措施和卫生状况间的关系，为传染病监测及制定措施提供科学依据。方法：对珠海港入出境船舶压舱水和饮用水中致病性孤菌进行流行病学调查，采集入出境船舶压舱水、饮用水和珠海港海域海水，对水样进行弧菌的分离鉴定及统计分析。结果：压舱水致病性弧菌检出率为86．20％，海水致病性弧菌检出率为78．13％，入境船舶上的饮用水致病性弧菌检出率为26．47％；入境船舶上饮用水致病性弧菌检出率大大高于管道饮水中检出率；船舶卫生状况不同时，其饮用水中致病性弧菌检出率差异有显著性；在压舱水中检出12种致病性弧菌，其中以深藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、沙鱼弧菌、创伤弧菌为主要优势菌；分离自压舱水的2株溶血性弧菌中检测到耐热溶血素基因。结论：致病性弧菌广泛分布于压舱水和海水中，制定规范的压舱水卫生管理措施乃当务之急。     

入境船舶饮用水致病性孤菌污染与相关因素

目的：了解珠海口岸入境船舶上饮用水中致病性弧菌污染状况，以及其与船舶卫生管理和卫生处理措施等方面的关系，为检验检疫执法工作和政策的制定提供依据。方法：采集珠海港入境船舶饮用水，对水样进行弧菌科的分离鉴定，并对调查资料进行统计和分析。结果：入境船舶上的饮用水34份，9份检出致病性弧菌，检出率26．47％；检出6种致病性弧菌；船舶卫生状况不同时，其饮用水中致病性弧菌检出率差异有显著性。结论：入境船舶上的饮用水被致病性弧菌污染较严重。有“海水化淡”设备的船舶，可能对降低其饮用水中致病性弧菌检出率有一定作用。建议对入境船舶饮用水的排放加强管理，制定有效的检疫监管措施。     

蚌埠地区水产品中致病性弧菌的调查

2000至2001年5月-9月份,我站对蚌埠地区市场中销售的淡水鱼、河虾、河蚌、河蟹、黄鳝、泥鳅等六种产品进行了致病性弧菌的调查。共采集样品117份,检出致病性弧菌22株,现将结果报告如下。1 检出情况117份水产品中检出致病性弧菌 7种共22株,检出率为18.8％,其具体情况见表1。六种水产品中致病性弧菌的分布状况见表2。2　22株致病性弧茵的系统生化检验结果见表3。     

2018年北海市市售动物性水产品致病性弧菌污染状况调查

目的了解北海市动物性水产品中致病性弧菌的污染状况,为控制食源性疾病及食物中毒事件的发生提供依据。方法对北海市3个城区随机采集市场和超市销售的动物性水产品样本,参照《2018年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中的微生物检验标准进行致病性弧菌检测。结果采集动物性水产品样品240份,检出致病性弧菌180份,总检出率为75.00%,其中海水产品的致病性弧菌检出率为91.67%,淡水产品的检出率为58.33%,海水产品的检出率高于淡水产品(χ^2=35.56,P<0.05)。检出4种致病性弧菌,其中副溶血性弧菌的检出率最高(57.92%),其次为溶藻弧菌(55.83%),创伤弧菌、河弧菌的检出率分别为10.83%和6.67%,未检出霍乱弧菌。海水产品副溶血性弧菌检出率(78.33%)高于淡水产品(37.50%)(χ^2=41.05,P<0.05)。检出的139株副溶血性弧菌均携带tlh毒力基因,tdh和trh两种毒力基因均未检出。结论北海市动物性水产品致病性弧菌污染较为严重,存在较大的食品安全风险,应加强水产品养殖和流通环节的致病性弧菌监测。     

镇海区市售小水产品中弧菌、气单胞菌带菌情况调查分析

目的：了解市售的外地和本地海涂养殖小水产品中致病性弧菌、气单胞菌的携带分布情况。以指导市民合理食用小水产品，预防此类食物中毒事件的发生。方法：病原菌分离参照《卫生部临床检验操作规程》和《致病性嗜水气单胞菌检验方法》。结果：156份小水产品检样中检出致病性弧菌11种、气单胞菌6种，平均每份检出1．29株，其中56份本地海涂养殖的小水产品份均检出1．43株。副溶血性弧菌总检出率46．15％，其中第三季度高达61．29％。结论：副溶血性弧菌是市售小水产品中最主要的致病性弧菌，第三季度是引起副溶菌食物中毒的最危险季节；气单胞菌也是本地食物中毒的重要致病菌；本地海涂养殖的小水产品中非01群霍乱弧菌携带率显著高于非本地产品。     

珠海港船舶压舱水中致病性弧菌分布的调查

目的：了解珠海港入出境船舶压舱水中致病性弧菌分布特征，为传染病监测及制定防制措施提供科学依据。方法：对来自珠海港境外的船舶，采取到达港后立即登轮采集压舱水；并采集珠海港海域的海水作为本底对照，对水样进行弧菌科的分离鉴定，并对调查资料进行统计和分析。结果：压舱水中检出12种致病性弧菌，其中以溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、沙鱼弧菌、创伤弧菌为优势菌。从压舱水分离的副溶血性弧菌中，有3株检测到耐热溶血素基因。仅在压舱水中检出非01和非0139群霍乱弧菌和梅氏弧菌。结论：致病性弧菌广泛分布于压舱水和海水中，且压舱水比海水中致病性弧菌种类更多，污染更为严重，对排放地区人民身体健康构成威胁，制定出规范的压舱水卫生管理措施乃当务之急。     

Neutralization epitopes of the HIV-1 primary isolate DH012

To study HIV-1 primary isolate neutralization, we have used DH012 as a model to study the immunogenicity of several DH012 immunogens and determine the potential neutralization epitopes in the virus envelope glycoprotein. Previously, we identified that DH012 infected animals mount potent neutralizing activity against a conformational epitope (CEV) that involves multiple variable regions. In this study, we show that the conformational epitope can be reconstituted with one gp120 recombinant fragment containing sequences from the V1/V2 loop and the bridging sheet of gp120 and a V3 peptide. In contrast to DH012 infection, we previously demonstrated that animals immunized with DH012 gp120 induced potent neutralizing antibodies directed at the V3 domain of gp120. In this study, a second neutralizing activity against the V1/V2 region of gp120 was identified from the same guinea pig sera. In summary, several neutralization epitopes are identified on DH012, including the CEV, V1/V2, V3, 17b, IgG1b12, and 2G12 epitopes. Infectious DH012 virus carrying oligomeric envelope appears to raise primarily neutralizing antibodies that recognize a discontinuous conformationally dependent epitope whereas the monomeric gp120 induces antibodies that are primarily directed at epitopes in the V3 and V1/V2 domains. The DH012 neutralizing epitopes, such as V1/V2 and V3, are either cryptic or poorly immunogenic in chimpanzees. However, immunogens, such as gp120, could be designed to induce neutralizing activity against epitopes that are poorly immunogenic, such as V1/V2 of DH012, in the native envelope glycoproteins.     

肝癌门脉癌栓与肝硬化门脉高压侧支循环的CT研究

目的:探讨肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓、血管内壁变性与肝硬化、门静脉高压侧支循环形成与临床意义.方法:搜集肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓25例,分成肝硬化组(15例)和无肝硬化组(10例).选择10例单纯肝硬化门静脉高压作为对照组,观察侧支血管的CT表现.结果:门静脉胆支(胆囊静脉与胆管周围静脉丛)和幽门支(幽门十二指肠静脉和幽门前静脉)是肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓最常显示的血管.肝硬化门静脉高压只有幽门支开放,无胆支开放.结论:研究侧支循环的形成与开放,有利于临床制定治疗方案,具有较高的实用价值.     

Intestinal absorption of arsenate in the chick

The intestinal absorption of arsenate(As(V)) has been investigated in the chick by means of the in situ ligated duodenal loop technique. By this procedure, it was observed that arsenate is rapidly and essentially completely absorbed (80-95%) from the lumen at As(V) concentrations up to 5 mM, declining to about 50% absorption at 50 mM. Transfer from the intestinal lumen to the mucosal cells at low As(V) concentration (0.1 mM) is rapid, while transfer from the mucosal cells to the body occurs more slowly. At stable As(V) concentrations greater than 1 mM, fractional mucosal cell accumulation of As(V) remains constant, while fractional transfer to the body declines. However, total mucosal accumulation of As(V) and that transferred to the body increase in a linear logarithmic fashion from 0.05 to 5 mm As(V). The results indicate that As(V) readily penetrates both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of the epithelial membrane. Furthermore, arsenate and phosphate do not appear to share a common transport pathway in the duodenum and no evidence was obtained for any interaction between the two at this level. Vitamin D3 administration to rachitic chicks was effective in significantly elevating duodenal arsenate absorption, acting primarily to enhance serosal transport.     

Sociohygienic monitoring of the working conditions of workers at an aircraft engine factory

The authors have improved, modified, and introduced a sociohygienic monitoring model proposed by Yu. V. Erofeyev, V. V. Dalmatov, and D. V. Turchaninov (2007) in the P. I. Baranov engine association and proposed objective criteria for evaluating the work space.     

The Mechanical Properties of the Lung in Pneumoconiosis of Coal-miners

To assess changes in the mechanical properties of the lungs in pneumoconiosis, the “elastance” (coefficient of elastic resistance, the reciprocal of compliance) of the lung and resistance of the airways were measured by the method of Mead and Whittenberger (1953) in 97 coal-miners and 17 men who had never worked underground. Ages ranged from 24 to 57. The work done on the lung was measured in 66 of these subjects, and the maximum voluntary ventilation (M.V.V.) was measured in all. The subjects were obtained by random selection from hospital out-patients and by random selection from a radiological survey of over 5,000 coal-miners. The M.V.V. was reduced in coal-miners with progressive massive fibrosis (P.M.F.), and in those without pneumoconiosis, but was not significantly reduced in simple pneumoconiosis. Elastance of the lung was unaltered in young miners but was slightly, and significantly, increased in all elderly faceworkers whatever the radiological category. This change appeared to be due to long years of work underground rather than to the radiological abnormality of pneumoconiosis. This slight change in the pulmonary elastance cannot be the cause of the reduction in M.V.V., since the two are unrelated. Inspiratory resistance was normal in all coal-miners, suggesting that pneumoconiosis is not associated with any fixed distortion of the airways. The non-elastic work of breathing, however, was frequently above normal and this suggests that bronchial obstruction develops rather commonly during expiration. This change appears to be the cause of reduction of M.V.V. in the majority of cases, as a negative correlation between M.V.V. and non-elastic work was established. Mean non-elastic work was not, however, unduly high in those radiological groups in which a significant reduction of M.V.V. was recorded. It is suggested that this discrepancy may be due to excessive frictional resistance in the chest wall of miners with P.M.F. and those with no radiological abnormality. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that emphysema is abnormally common in elderly coal-miners, and that it, rather than pneumoconiosis, is the cause of their reduced ventilatory ability.     

A Study of the Reproducibility of the Forced Vital Capacity of Coalworkers at Two Collieries in Scotland and Two Collieries in South Wales

A study of 1,522 coalworkers at two Scottish collieries and two Welsh collieries showed that the forced vital capacity (F.V.C.) was as reproducible a measurement as the forced expiratory volume (F.E.V.) (1 sec.). This applied not only to replicate readings, but also between readings taken before and after a working shift on the same day, and also between readings taken at an interval of one week. An examination of the results of F.E.V. (1 sec.) and F.V.C. readings taken on the entire colliery populations at a colliery in Ayrshire, Scotland, and one in South Wales showed that replicate readings of F.V.C. and F.E.V. (1 sec.) were equally reproducible and that reproducibility was virtually unaffected by the presence or absence of bronchitic symptoms or the different prevalence of pneumoconiosis at the two collieries.     

常见还原性物质还原五价无机砷的实验研究

目的研究还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、维生素C(VC)和亚铁离子(Fe2+)等常见还原性物质对五价无机砷[As(Ⅴ)]的还原作用及特点。方法模拟体内环境建立还原体系[37℃、pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液、3μmol/L As(Ⅴ)、60mmol/L巯基化合物(GSH和Cys)、0~30mmol/L VC、0~40mmol/LFe2+],采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光法(HPLC-HG-AFS)检测各种反应过程中的三价无机砷[As(Ⅲ)]和As(Ⅴ)。结果As(Ⅴ)还原率和As(Ⅲ)生成率随GSH浓度增加(0~60mmol/L)而增加;当GSH浓度为60mmol/L时,As(Ⅴ)还原率和As(Ⅲ)生成率达到峰值;随着GSH浓度继续增加(60~80mmol/L),As(Ⅴ)还原率和As(Ⅲ)生成率反而下降;巯基化合物中的巯基(-SH)在还原As(Ⅴ)过程中起关键作用,60mmol/L的-SH反应30分钟后As(Ⅴ)还原率达到60%,As(Ⅴ)还原率与-SH的具体存在形式(GSH或Cys)无关;单独VC或Fe2+不能还原As(Ⅴ),但是当VC浓度大于10mmol/L或Fe2+浓度大于20mmol/L时,可以增加60mmol/L的-SH的还原作用(P<0.01)。结论巯基化合物中的-SH可以非酶促还原As(Ⅴ),VC和Fe2+可以增强-SH的还原作用。     

中国艾滋病病毒1型AE循环重组型毒株env基因的变异和进化分析

目的　研究中国艾滋病病毒 1型 (HIV 1)AE循环重组型 (CRF0 1 AE)毒株env不同基因区序列变异的特点及其与进化压力的关系。方法　应用巢式聚合酶链反应 (nested PCR)对从全国部分省收集来的HIV 1感染者血液样本中的HIV 1外膜蛋白 (env)基因进行扩增和亚型鉴定后 ,选择 3 4份CRF0 1 AE重组型HIV 1毒株env基因V3～V4区及其邻近区域的序列进行系统进化树和氨基酸变异分析 ,并计算和分析氨基酸同义替换 (Ks)值和非同义替换 (Ka)值及Ks Ka比值。结果基因系统树显示中国的 3 4份样本CRF0 1 AE重组型毒株与我国代表株AE .97CNGX2F和泰国代表株AE .CM 2 40、AE .93TH2 53聚集在一起。氨基酸替换主要发生在C3和V4区 ,而V3区和V3上游区氨基酸序列相对保守 ,糖基化位点也比较保守。V 3环顶端四肽以GPGQ为主 (87.50 % )。大部分毒株的第 3 0 6和 3 2 0位点上没有出现带正电荷的氨基酸。整个V 3～V4区的Ks值显著高于Ka值(P <0 .0 0 1) ,且Ks Ka比值显著高于 1(P <0 .0 0 1) ,只有V4区Ks Ka比值显著低于 1(P <0 .0 1)。结论　目前多数流行于中国的CRF0 1 AE重组型HIV 1毒株具有较高的同源性 ,在进化上关系密切。氨基酸替换主要发生在C3和V4区 ,而不是V3区。由于大部分毒株的第 3 0 6和 3 2 0位点上没有出现带正电荷的     

肺通气功能分布引导的调强放疗计划设计研究

目的：基于肺通气功能分布,探讨保护肺功能的调强放疗计划（IMRT）设计方案。方法选择16例肺癌患者,分别进行呼气末和吸气末后屏气CT扫描,通过肺通气功能分析系统获取患者肺通气功能的三维分布,并自动勾画出雅可比值分别为0.5、0.7、0.9所对应的功能肺。对每个患者,进行角度设置相同,且均为5野的两种IMRT计划设计：根据定位CT上靶区和危及器官的解剖信息,进行普通IMRT计划设计;将肺通气功能分布与CT定位图像融合,额外增加对功能肺的剂量限制,分别进行3种强度不同的肺通气功能图像引导的f-IMRT计划设计。对比分析IMRT和f-IMRT计划中靶区和正常组织受照剂量的差异。结果所有IMRT和f-IMRT计划都可满足临床要求。与IMRT计划相比,f-IMRT各组计划中脊髓、食道和心脏等受照剂量变化不明显（P＞0.05）;f0.5-IMRT、f0.7-IMRT以及f0.9-IMRT计划中全肺的V5、V10、V20均显著下降（P＜0.05）;f0.7-IMRT计划中功能肺的V5、V10、V20显著下降（P＜0.05）;f0.9-IMRT计划中功能肺的V5、V10、V20和V30均显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论肺通气图像引导的IMRT计划能有效地降低功能肺的受照剂量,可望较好地保护肺功能,改善患者的生存质量。     

Selective determination method for vanadium (V) and vanadium (IV) controlling the pH of media for a solid-liquid extraction column

Solid-liquid extraction separation based on a speciation method was studied for selective determination of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V). Both V (IV) and V (V) cations transform to oxo-acid anion along with pH changes in the solution. The pH values for the transition points are different from each other and the difference was utilized in the separation. In the first step, particulate samples are dissolved by strong acids such as 1 M H2SO4 or 85% H3PO4. The pH of the strong acidic sample solutions of V (IV) and V (IV) are adjusted to the range between 3 and 4. In this condition, V (IV) is in the form of cation but V (V) is anion. The pH adjusted solution is applied to an anion exchange column. The solution is expected to contain V (IV) only. The trapped V (V) anion is eluted as VO2+ cation by a pH 1 acid. The author and coworker have already developed an HPLC separation method utilizing this separation concept. However, the HPLC method has some limitations, mainly originated in physical and chemical weaknesses of the HPLC column. In the present study, a firm solid-liquid column is adopted to replace the feeble HPLC column as a separation device. And a simple and convenient pH adjustment technique for making the sample solution is investigated at the same time. With these improvements, the speciation method developed with strong acidic solutions could determine the amount of V (IV) and V (V) in various environmental and biological samples.