Ethanol stimulates triglyceride synthesis by the intestine

In vivo ethanol given acutely or chronically by two dietary means resulted in significant increases in [1-(14)C]palmitate incorporation into triglyceride by intestinal slices or microsomes derived from intestinal slices. In vitro, 2.6 percent ethanol, an amount comparable to that found in t..e intestinal lumen of social drinkers, also resulted in significant increases in [1-(14)C]palmitate incorporation into triglyceride. Pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, diminished the stimulatory effect of ethanol both in vivo and in vitro. These data may provide a new insight into the effects of alcohol, and specifically on the possible contribution of intestinal triglyceride synthesis to alcoholic hyperlipemia and the alcohol-induced fatty liver.     

Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine

The distal human intestine represents an anaerobic bioreactor programmed with an enormous population of bacteria, dominated by relatively few divisions that are highly diverse at the strain/subspecies level. This microbiota and its collective genomes (microbiome) provide us with genetic and metabolic attributes we have not been required to evolve on our own, including the ability to harvest otherwise inaccessible nutrients. New studies are revealing how the gut microbiota has coevolved with us and how it manipulates and complements our biology in ways that are mutually beneficial. We are also starting to understand how certain keystone members of the microbiota operate to maintain the stability and functional adaptability of this microbial organ.     

高效液相色谱法同步测定蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量

为了建立采用高效液相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的方法.在提取了蔬菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐之后,以0.03 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调至pH=3.3)为流动相,用Hypersil ODS反相柱分离硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐,用紫外检测器检测,检测波长204 nm,硝酸盐的保留时间约为2.80 min,亚硝酸盐的保留时间约为3.2 min.结果表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的最低检测浓度分别为0.012 5、0.025 0mg/ks.加标回收实验表明,在0.1～10.0mg/ks添加浓度范围内,硝酸盐的回收率为95.84%～97.12%,RSD为0.39%～1.26%;亚硝酸盐的回收率为90.54%～95.17%,RSD为0.28%～1.09%.可以认为,采用高效液相色谱同步测定蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度和精密度高的优点,能满足蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量同步测定的要求.     

分光光度法测定肉制食品中亚硝酸盐的含量研究

利用苯胺作重氮化试剂、α-萘酚为偶联剂,对分光光度法测定肉制食品亚硝酸盐含量进行了研究.结果显示,偶联产物的最大吸收波长为480nm,NO-2在0～0.004mg/mL范围,其线性回归方程为A＝0.071 20.426 C,相关系数0.9999.表明该方法操作简便快速,灵敏度高,选择性和重现性好,干扰少,且所用试剂毒性小.     

亚硝酸盐处理对PVY和TuMV的钝化作用研究

为了探究化学试剂处理对植物病毒的钝化作用,以马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)和芜菁花叶病毒(turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)为试验对象,在模式植物本氏烟上研究了亚硝酸盐处理对病毒的钝化作用。结果表明,亚硝酸盐处理PVY后,PVY在本氏烟植株上比清水处理的对照表现出发病症状减轻,甚至不发病现象。而清水处理的对照烟草对PVY病毒比较敏感,植株逐渐形成系统性侵染并最终坏死。亚硝酸盐处理TuMV后,未观察到病毒侵染的症状,也未检测到TuMV病毒。Western blot技术检测亚硝酸盐处理组病毒含量远低于清水处理组,接近健康水平。表明亚硝酸盐对PVY和TuMV具有一定的钝化作用。     

Immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro by established human cell lines

Several lines of human lymphoid cells derived from malignant lym phoma produce immunoglobulins in vitro. Immunoglobulins G(I(g)G, (gamma)G) are synthesized in two cell lines and immuno-lobulin M (I(g)M, (gamma)M) in one.     

乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐条件的优化

[目的]研究Lyoflora V_3乳杆菌对亚硝酸盐降解的影响,优化其降解条件。[方法]探讨了乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的影响因素,主要包括溶液pH、接种量、Na Cl含量和培养时间。采用L_9( 3~4)正交试验对整体工艺进行试验条件优化。[结果]影响乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的各因素次序为pH接种量Na Cl含量培养时间,最佳降解条件:pH为3.0,接种量为5%,Na Cl含量为9%,培养时间为72 h。在最佳降解条件下,乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的降解率可达98.50%。[结论]该研究可为乳酸菌发酵工艺中亚硝酸盐的控制提供参考。     

流动注射—化学发光法测定蔬菜中的微量亚硝酸盐研究

利用鲁米诺—铁氰化钾—尿酸化学发光体系,在酸性介质中,亚硝酸盐氧化亚铁氰化钾为铁氰化钾,建立了间接测定微量亚硝酸盐的方法。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、干扰离子等因素的影响,检出限达5.0×10-5mg/L,线性范围在0.001￣10mg/L,加标回收率在97.5%￣104%之间,RSD≤3.6%,该方法尤其适合于较低微量亚硝酸盐的测定,可用于各种蔬菜中微量亚硝酸盐的测定。     

Biologically active chorionic gonadotropin: synthesis by the human fetus

The kidney, and to a slight extent the liver, of human fetuses were found to synthesize and secrete the alpha subunit common to glycoprotein hormones. Fetal lung and muscle did not synthesize this protein. Since fetal kidney and liver were previously found to synthesize beta chorionic gonadotropin, their ability to synthesize bioactive chorionic gonadotropin was also determined. The newly synthesized hormone bound to mouse Leydig cells and elicited a biological response: namely, the synthesis of testosterone. These results suggest that the human fetus may participate in metabolic homeostasis during its development.     

肉食品中亚硝酸盐残留量与都市人群对亚硝酸盐认知度的调查

对市售肉食品中亚硝酸盐残留量和都市人群对亚硝酸盐认知度进行了抽样调查。96份肉制品检测结果表明,火腿肠、罐头产品中亚硝酸盐的残留量合格率为100%,风干肠类、酱卤类、烤肠类合格率为71%~87%。包装定型产品合格率为96.1%,散装产品为81.8%。大型超市合格率为95.7%,商贩合格率最低为75%。认知度调查表明,市民中超过85%的人喜欢肉制品呈红色或鲜红色,但大多数人对判断产品是否添加有亚硝酸盐知之甚少。说明严格控制肉食品中亚硝酸盐残留量,同时加强公众的食物安全教育仍然是今后的重要任务。     

分光光度法同时测定肉制品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

[目的]探讨更适用于实际肉制品分析的分光光度法,用于测定肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。[方法]以氨基磺酸去除亚硝酸盐后在波长210 nm处直接测定肉制品中的硝酸盐含量,采用盐酸萘乙二胺偶合法在波长538 nm处测定肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量。[结果]在0.1~1.0 mg/L范围内硝酸盐线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,样品在0.20、0.30和0.50 mg 3个添加水平的平均回收率为98.91%(RSD为1.32%),检出限0.04 mg/L。在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内亚硝酸盐线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 7,样品在0.20、0.30和0.50 mg 3个添加水平的平均回收率为98.55%(RSD为0.26%),检出限0.02 mg/L。[结论]与国标方法相比,该研究方法更简单,易于操作,适用于检测机构对肉制品中大批量样品的检测工作。     

离子色谱法测定农田灌溉水中亚硝酸盐

本文建立了离子色谱法结合电导检测农田灌溉水中NO2-离子的新方法.分析柱采用容量高、亲水性强的Dionex IonPac AS 19阴离子交换柱,EG40在线产生KOH淋洗液,等浓度泵作梯度淋洗.该方法对亚硝酸盐的检出限为0.028 μg·L-1,在0～5.0μg·L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999).将该方法用于农田灌溉水中亚硝酸盐的检测,实际样品的加标回收率在96.7%～105.6%之间,农田灌溉水连续进样6次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.70%.     

离子色谱法测定银耳汤中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

[目的]建立银耳汤中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱测定方法。[方法]银耳样品经纯水蒸煮提取,3%乙酸沉淀蛋白质后,低温离心,上清液依次过C_(18)小柱、Ag柱、Na柱,经滤膜过滤净化后,由电导检测器检测样品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。[结果]硝酸盐(以NO_3~-计)和亚硝酸盐(以NO_2~-计)分别在0.2～2.0和0.02～0.20 mg/L呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R~2均大于0.999 6。该方法硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐检出限分别为0.4和0.2 mg/kg,硝酸盐的回收率为89.8%～96.1%,亚硝酸盐的回收率为85.1%～95.3%。[结论]该方法结果准确可靠,可以用于银耳汤中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量测定。     

流动注射比色法测定饲料中的亚硝酸盐

采用流动注射分析法测定饲料中的亚硝酸盐。线性范围为20~1 000 μg/L,相关系数r＝0.999 9;检出限为2.68 μg/L;用50 μg/L亚硝酸钠标准溶液连续测定7次,其相对标准偏差为2.60%;实际样品的加标回收率为82.8%~106.8%。本方法操作简便、灵敏度较高、线性范围宽、精密度高,适用于饲料中亚硝酸盐的测定。     

Adult hemoglobin synthesis by reticulocytes from the human fetus at midtrimester

The synthesis of adult-type hemoglobin was measured in small samples of peripheral blood cells from 9- to 18-week human fetuses. Hemoglobin indistinguishable from hemoglobin A was identified by ion-exchange chromatography, electrophoresis at pH 8.6, tryptic peptide analysis, and the insensitivity of its synthesis to the action of O-methylthreonine. Synthesis of hemoglobin A accounted for 8 to 14 percent of total hemoglobin synthesis and was demonstrated in as little as 10 microliters of fetal blood. These studies provide sensitive methods for the detection of beta chain types in hemoglobin synthesized by the human fetus at midtrimester. If methods to obtain small quantities of fetal blood at midtrimester become available, these techniques should be applicable to the antenatal detection of sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies.     

水中亚硝酸根分光光度法测定的改进

利用对氨基苯乙酮作重氮化试剂,1-萘胺乙酸为偶联剂,在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)存在下采用分光光度法测定水中的亚硝酸根。试验表明,表明活性剂HTAB有明显的增敏作用。不加HTAB时,偶氮染料呈红色,最大吸收波长为525nm,摩尔吸光系数为4.24×10~4L·cm~(-1)·mol~(-1);而加入HTAB时,偶氮染料呈紫红,最大吸收波长为545nm,摩尔吸光系数增大到4.69×10~4L·cm~(-1)·mol~(-1)。线性范围为0～2.86×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)。     

添加清除剂对腊肠中亚硝酸钠的清除效果

[目的]清除腊肠中残留的亚硝酸钠,寻求有效的清除剂。[方法]在腊肠加工过程中分别添加八角和丁香精油、超声-微波萃取的八角和丁香萃取液、VCNa、异抗坏血酸钠和VE作为清除剂,研究清除剂对腊肠中亚硝酸钠的清除效果。[结果]添加丁香精油的腊肠中亚硝酸钠残留量在烘烤结束后的第0、14和28天均最少,分别为9.38、8.76和8.53 mg/kg,其清除亚硝酸钠的效果明显优于丁香萃取液。VCNa清除亚硝酸钠的作用显著强于D-异VCNa,但稍差于丁香精油。八角萃取液可将亚硝酸钠含量降低到20.72 mg/kg,优于VE和八角精油。添加的清除剂对发色结束后的腊肠色泽变化的影响不大。[结论]7种物质清除亚硝酸钠能力的顺序为丁香精油〉VCNa〉D-异VCNa〉丁香萃取液〉八角萃取液〉VE〉八角精油。     

Gamma interferon synthesis by human thymocytes and T lymphocytes inhibited by cyclosporin A

Cyclosporin A depresses the synthesis of gamma interferon by human thymocytes and T lymphocytes in vitro. This observation is of potential clinical significance because the long-term treatment of transplant patients with cyclosporin A, a widely used immunosuppressive agent, can give rise to B-cell lymphoma resulting from Epstein-Barr virus activation.     

腌制大头菜亚硝酸盐含量及降低措施研究

通过对腌制大头菜用不同盐分、温度、糖分、酸度、Vc等处理,探讨其发酵过程中影响亚硝酸盐含量的因素及降低亚欧盐含量的方法.结果表明,适当降低食盐浓度,提高温度,增加酸度,添加糖分及Vc,能够有效降低腌制食品中亚硝酸盐含量.     

蔬菜硝酸盐的积累机制及控制途径

综述了蔬菜硝酸盐的积累机制、污染现状及影响因素,提出降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量的有效措施:利用分子生物学的手段结合常规育种手段培育低硝酸盐含量的蔬菜品种;采取适宜的栽培模式;科学的施肥方式;食用前安全加工处理及市场安全性检测等。