Reactive synthesis and mechanical properties of Mo2NiB2 based hard alloy

Using three elementary substances, Mo, Ni, and amorphous B powders as raw materials, the ternary boride based hard alloy Mo₂NiB₂–Ni was prepared successfully. The formation mechanism of the ternary phase was verified by XRD. It was indicated that the formed Mo₂NiB₂ particles at lower temperatures could be as seeds for the further formation of Mo₂NiB₂ directly from the raw materials of Mo, Ni and B at higher temperatures. The appearance of liquid phases between 1100 and 1200 °C was important for the densification of hard alloy. The microstructures of the hard alloys were observed by SEM. The main fracture modes for the hard alloys were different for the samples sintered at different temperatures. The maximum bending strength and the Rockwell hardness reached 1.85 ± 0.04 GPa and 85.7 ± 0.1 HRA, respectively. These values were comparable to those reported in literature.     

Cr12模具钢合金激光熔覆层的组织和性能研究

在Cr12模具钢材料表面上,分别进行了PHNi-60A、PHNi25WC-60A和Stellite6三种合金粉末的激光熔覆实验,并对实验结果进行分析。结果表明:Cr12模具钢表面上可实现镍基合金和钴基合金的激光熔覆,可获得较好的冶金界面结合;激光熔覆后表面的耐磨损性能比熔覆前的基体耐磨损性能有较大的提高;表面硬度在不同程度上都得到提高,硬度峰值出现在次表层,其最大值为1049HV0.2;微观结构是由平面晶和枝晶构成的共晶组织,并有多种合金相分布在枝晶间。     

搭接率对TC4表面Ni60A熔覆层组织性能的影响

利用激光熔覆同轴送粉技术,在TC4钛合金表面制备了多道搭接的Ni60A激光熔覆层。利用SEM、硬度测试及摩擦磨损试验,对多道搭接率(30%、40%、50%、60%和70%)下熔覆层的组织性能进行了分析。结果表明:搭接率对Ni60A熔覆层的组织性能影响较大,搭接可实现涂层的二次加热,当搭接率为50%时,涂层中硬质相TiC的尺寸增大,TiNi的含量增多,可有效提升涂层的硬度,抵抗对磨小球剪切力,其表面不易被破坏,涂层的表面较为光滑,可极大程度降低涂层的摩擦因数。当搭接率为30%时,晶粒无法充分吸收激光能量,导致晶粒尺寸较小;当搭接率过高时,涂层中的B、C、Ni等元素会随着过烧而稀释,导致涂层的增强元素流失,降低了涂层的力学性能,因此,Ni60A熔覆层最适宜的搭接率为50%。     

LAVES PHASE ALLOYS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｓｉｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＬａｖｅｓｐｈａｓｅｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｓｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｈｅｘａｇｏｎａｌＣ１４ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ,ｔｈｅｃｕｂｉｃＣ１５ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｒｔｈｅｄｉｈｅｘａｇｏｎａｌＣ３６ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ［１］．ＶａｒｉｏｕｓＬａｖｅｓｐｈａｓｅｓｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔａｌｒｅａｄｙｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｆｏｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｓｓｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕ…     

Effect of Ce content on mechanical properties of Ce/Cr coated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foams

The Ce/Cr coating was homogenously deposited onto the reticulated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam by the pack cementation process. The mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were investigated by the quasi-static compression test. Simultaneously, the deformation and failure mechanisms of Ce/Cr coated alloy foams were discussed. The results show that the adding amount of CeO₂ powders influences the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams. Despite an increase in density as compared to the uncoated foams, the Ce/Cr coated foams exhibit improvement in both yield strength and energy-absorption performance. Especially, the energy-absorption performance of 2% Ce/Cr (mass fraction) coated alloy foam is averagely 1.9 times as high as that of the bare Ni–Cr–Fe alloy foam. In addition, the mechanical properties of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increase with the increase of strain rate. The distortion and cracking are mainly the deformation behavior of the Ce/Cr coated alloy foam, confirmed by SEM images.     

多元硬质合金覆层材料力学性能的研究

为提高钢材表面的耐磨损和耐腐蚀能力,以Mo粉、Fe-B合金粉和Fe粉为基本原料,加入WC、Cr3C2、TiC等碳化物硬质相和C、Ni、Cr等合金元素,采用真空液相烧结工艺,在Q235钢基体上制备多元硬质合金覆层材料.对覆层材料进行了洛氏硬度测试及弯曲强度测试,结果表明:CW系覆层材料的硬度达到HRA84.8,是Q235钢基体硬度的2.3倍;CW系覆层材料的弯曲强度值达到1175.52MPa,是Q235钢基体弯曲强度的1.4倍;掺加碳化物硬质相显著提高了Mo2FeB2硬质合金覆层材料的硬度和弯曲强度.利用扫描电镜观察了硬质合金覆层以及覆层-钢基体界面的微观组织结构,发现硬质合金覆层内部组织结构致密,覆层与钢基体之间形成了具有一定厚度的过渡层.     

激光熔覆Ni-Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层显微组织与耐蚀性

以Ni,Si,Cr元素粉末为原料 ,利用激光熔覆技术在A3钢表面制得了Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层。分析了该涂层的显微组织 ,采用测定阳极极化曲线的方法评价了该涂层在 0 .5mol/LH2 SO4 及 3 .5 %NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明 :激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层组织由Ni2 Si初生胞状树枝晶及枝晶间少量FeNi/Ni31Si12 共晶组成 ,涂层表面平整、组织细小、与基体间为完全冶金结合 ;涂层组织显微硬度在HV80 0～ 95 0之间且沿层深分布均匀 ;由于涂层组织组成相Ni2 Si和Ni31Si12 等本身均具有很好的耐蚀性并具有快速凝固细小均匀的显微组织 ,激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层在 0 .5mol/LH2 SO4 及 3.5 %NaCl水溶液中均表现出优良的耐蚀性能。激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层可望成为一种很有发展前景的耐蚀涂层新材料。     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical, and corrosion property evaluation of Cu-30Ni alloy formed by Direct Metal Deposition process

In the current investigation Cu-30Ni alloy was successfully laser deposited on a rolled C71500 plate substrate by Direct Metal Deposition technology. The microstructural investigation of the clad was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The phase and crystal structure analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction technique and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure consisted of columnar and equiaxed dendrites with face centered cubic crystal structure. The dendrites grew epitaxially from the substrate and layer and bead boundaries. Dendrites’ growth direction 〈0 0 1〉 and growth angle 60° was maintained in each layer. The average primary dendritic arm spacing at the bottom part of the layers was about 7.5 μm and average secondary dendritic arm spacing in the upper part of the layer varied between 2 μm and 4.5 μm. The lattice parameter of the identified phase was found to be longer than that reported in literature. The reported lattice parameters in literature are however from samples processed under equilibrium conditions. The microhardness of the clad was found to be less than the substrate but very consistent along the clad. Cu-30Ni clad specimen showed higher ultimate tensile strength but lower yield strength and percentage elongation as compared to the C71500 substrate. DMD Cu-30Ni clad/C71500 substrate specimen showed the worst mechanical properties. The corrosion resistance of the specimens was found to decrease in the order DMD Cu-30Ni clad, half-and-half DMD Cu-30Ni clad-C71500 substrate, and C71500 substrate.     

激光熔覆Ni2Si／Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层显微组织与耐蚀性

以Ni76Si24（质量百分数）合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔覆技术在A3钢表面制得了组织由条件Ni2Si初生相及少量Ni2Si/Ni3Si2共晶组成的新型金属硅化物合金涂层，分析涂层显微组织并测定其在0．5mol/1 H2SO4水溶液及不同浓度NaCl水溶液中的阳极极化曲线，结果表明激光熔覆Ni2Si/Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层表面平整，组织细小，与基体为完全冶金结合，同时由于涂层的组织组成相Ni3Si2本身均具有极好的耐蚀性并具有快速凝固细小均匀的显微组织，该激光熔覆Ni2Si/Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层在0．5mol/l H2SO4及3．5％NaCl水溶液中均具有优良的耐蚀性能。     

钼对铁基合金等离子熔覆层组织及耐磨性能的影响

应用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和磨粒磨损试验,研究了质量分数为4％的钼对等离子熔覆铁基合金涂层组织结构和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,未加钼的铁基合金熔覆层主要由面心立方结构的γ-（Ni,Ve）固溶体、正交结构的（Cr,Fe）7C3和四方结构（Cr,Fe）2B等物相构成,组织为粗大的亚共晶。4％Mo的加入,不但使熔覆层中出现了立方结构的M23C6和正交结构的Mo2C,而且增加了共晶化合物相的相对含量。添加4％Mo的熔覆层呈伪共晶特征,组织得到显著细化。4％Mo的加入所引起的新相析出和组织细化是铁基熔覆层耐磨性提高的原因。     

钛合金激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层的组织和耐磨性（英文）

以Ti＋Ni＋B4C粉末混合物为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在TA15钛合金基材表面制得TiB-TiC共同增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层。采用OM、SEM、XRD、EDS及AFM等手段分析激光熔覆涂层的显微组织及磨损表面,测试涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层熔覆具有独特的显微组织,菊花状的TiB-TiC共晶均匀分布在TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体中。由于高硬、高耐磨TiB-TiC陶瓷相与高韧性TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体的共同配合,激光熔覆涂层表现出优异的耐磨性。     

钛合金表面激光熔敷Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi耐磨涂层组织与耐磨性能

以Ti-50Ni-10Si合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在钛合金BT9基材表面制得由Ti2Ni3Si初生树枝晶和枝晶间Ti2Ni3Si／NiTi共晶组织组成的耐磨材料涂层，研究了涂层的显微组织及室温耐磨性能。结果表明，该涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能和良好的载荷特性。     

添加剂对低压烧结Zr50Al15Ni10Cu25非晶态粉末力学性能的影响

以商业纯元素粉末为原料,用机械合金化方法在低真空条件下合成了以非晶态为主的Zr50Al15Ni10Cu25粉末。研究了一定量的外界添加剂C、Si3N4和SiC对体系热稳定性和晶化行为的影响。混合粉末用手工预压成形,然后在氩气氛下进行低压烧结。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、差热分析（DSC）和电子拉伸实验机对粉末样和块状样进行了测试。结果表明,合适的外界添加剂可以提高体系的析晶活化能,增强体系的热稳定性。适量的Si3N4能促进Zr50Al15Ni10Cu25非晶粉末的低压烧结性能,即有助于提高样品的烧结致密度和样品的抗弯强度。     

TiC含量对TC4合金激光熔覆层组织和性能的影响

采用激光熔覆工艺在TC4钛合金基体表面制备了添加不同质量分数(0%、2%、4%、6%)TiC的Ni60A复合熔覆层,通过光学显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损机分析了不同TiC含量对熔覆层组织及性能的影响。结果表明:未添加TiC的熔覆层组织以树枝晶为主,添加TiC后出现了花瓣状物相;XRD分析发现熔覆层中出现了AlCCr₂、Al_0.24B_0.01Ni_0.75等硬质增强相,这些能够显著提高熔覆层的硬度。显微硬度及摩擦磨损试验结果表明,添加TiC的熔覆层平均硬度均较基体硬度有大幅提高,摩擦因数显著降低,且随TiC含量的增加,熔覆层硬度先增加后降低,摩擦因数先降低后增加,4%TiC熔覆层的硬度最大,相比基体提高了213.3%,摩擦因数最小,为0.309 774。     

H13钢表面放电等离子烧结制备三元硼化物基金属陶瓷覆层

以钼粉、铁粉、硼铁粉等为主要原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术在H13钢基体表面快速制备三元硼化物基金属陶瓷覆层,对烧结致密化过程进行了分析,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等分别观察了覆层和界面结合区的组织形貌,分析了覆层的物相组成,测试了微观硬度.结果表明,三元硼化物基金属陶瓷覆层内部组织结构致密,主要由Mo_2FeB_2硬质相和α-Fe粘结相组成,显微硬度达1400HV,覆层与钢基体的结合处没有清晰的结合界面,而是存在一个具有一定厚度的过渡层.     

非晶55Mg35Ni10Si块体的制备及力学性能

利用机械合金化方法制备55Mg35Ni10Si三元非晶合金粉末,以该非晶粉末为基础材料,采用真空热压法制备55Mg35Ni10Si非晶块体,利用显微硬度测试等手段考察其力学性能。DSC和XRD分析表明,粉体和块体材料中均出现一个明显的放热峰,结合高分辨电子显微镜观察证明,真空热压后块体材料总体上仍以非晶相为主并含少量纳米晶,而块体材料的晶化峰温度要略低于非晶粉末。力学性能测试表明,块体材料的显微硬度为7 834-8 048 MPa,且随载荷的增加而下降,与传统晶态材料的硬度-载荷依赖关系相似。块体材料的断口呈山峦状,没有明显塑性形变的特征,断裂裂纹扩展沿压痕对角线呈放射状。     

Preparation of La-Ni Based Alloys Used in Ni-Metal Hydride Bateries by Mechanical Alloying

ＰｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＬａＮｉＢａｓｅｄＡｌｏｙｓＵｓｅｄｉｎＮｉＭｅｔａｌＨｙｄｒｉｄｅＢａｔｅｒｉｅｓｂｙＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＡｌｏｙｉｎｇＬｉＤｏｎｇｐｅｉ，ＹｉｎｇＱｉｍｉｎｇ，ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎ（李东培）（应启明）（张健）Ｇｅｎｅｒ...     

Phase formation regularities in nanometer powders of Al-Cu-X ternary alloys prepared by gas evaporation process

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＮａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｒｅｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｎｏｖｅｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎ ｐｕｒｅｍｅｔａｌｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｎｄｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｂｕｌｋｍａ ｔｅｒｉａｌｓ[1,2 ] .Ｍａｎｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔ.Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｅ…     

Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of refractory Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy

A cobalt-base refractory alloy containing W, Ni, and Cr, which is widely used for making spacecraft components operating at high temperatures, is studied. Changes in the microstructure of the alloy are studied depending on the heat treatment, and the effect of these changes on mechanical properties at room and high temperatures is determined.     

Atomic site location by channelling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) in γ′-strengthened Ni- and Pt-base alloys

The additions of alloying elements to Ni- and Pt-base alloys influence the microstructure and thereby the creep properties, whereas the mechanism is uncertain. Therefore atomic site location by channelling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) was used to determine the site partitioning of ternary and quaternary alloying elements in the L1₂-ordered γ′-phase. Two ternary Ni–Al alloys with Cr and Ti additions were investigated. The measured site partitioning showed that Cr and Ti atoms prefer the Al-sublattice sites. For a ternary Pt–Al–Cr alloy, it was found that Cr atoms occupy Al sites. The influence of Ni as a fourth alloying element in a Pt–Al–Cr–Ni alloy on the site partitioning was also investigated. The detected results give evidence that in the quaternary alloy Cr and Ni atoms prefer the Pt sublattice. First principles calculations were used to support the experimental data.