求解矩形放置问题的亲属帮助遗传算法

用基于几何位置的方法求解矩形放置问题,解空间有限,且包含最优放置,但解空间太大。为了解决这个问题,将基于几何位置的序列对算法作为遗传算法的编解码过程,同时根据序列对编码空间中局部最优解相互间保持一定距离的特点,从父代中随机地选出一定比例的个体,用这些个体作为排斥体,使子代个体与排斥体都保持一定的距离,有效地避免了种群过早收敛到局部最优解。3组试验表明:这种算法在问题规模小时能有效地搜索到全局最优解;在问题规模较大时,能得到较好的结果。     

杂草算法收敛性分析及其在工程中的应用

针对从自然界中杂草的生长繁殖特性演化而来的新型智能优化算法———扩张性杂草进化算法,通过马尔可夫链,分析证明了它的全局收敛性.相比其他启发式算法,其最大优点是基于种群中优秀的个体有指导地进行搜索,且算法中子代个体按正态分布的方式分布于父代个体周围,在进化过程中通过动态调整此正态分布的标准差,使算法在早期与中期充分保持群落的多样性,较其他启发式算法更容易保证对解空间的全面搜索.而在算法的后期加强对优秀个体周围的局部搜索,从而保证算法能够稳健地收敛到全局最优解.典型的复杂机械优化设计算例结果表明,该算法在优化过程中能有效避开局部最优解,快速、有效地收敛到全局最优解.     

一种新的求解多目标问题的分组粒子群优化算法

用粒子群优化算法求解多目标问题容易陷入局部最优,为此本文提出了一种分组粒子群多目标优化算法。该算法将决策空间分成Q个子空间,每个子空间随机的分配N个粒子,这Q个粒子群分别在各自的空间进行独立搜索。为保证每个种群的搜索多样性和遍历性,用混沌序列对各组粒子位置进行初始化,同时对各组进行基于聚集距离的粒子择优进化。由典型多目标函数的优化实验结果表明,经过适当的分组,该算法能迅速逼近非劣最优解集,效果令人满意。     

节点约束型最短路径的分层Dijkstra算法

针对节点约束型最短路径问题,提出了基于回溯法的分层Dijkstra算法,通过分层结构寻找局部最优解来求得全局最优解或次优解.该算法利用分层结构可保存搜索进度的优势,使其在寻找过必经点最短路径时可以实现对搜索进度的保存与回溯等操作.实验结果表明:分层Dijkstra算法虽然增加了一定的空间复杂度,但能有效地减少Dijkstra算法的调用次数;与深度优先搜索、几何代数算法相比,分层Dijkstra算法虽然不一定能找到理论最优解,但出解速度较快,在数据量较大的情况下能快速找到次优解.     

基于交叉算子的改进人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法存在后期收敛速度慢、局部搜索能力差和易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种基于交叉算子的改进人工蜂群算法.该算法利用佳点集方法产生初始种群,使得初始化个体尽可能均匀地分布在搜索空间;随机选择食物源位置与当前最优食物源位置进行算术交叉操作,引导群体向全局最优解靠近,提高算法的局部搜索能力和加快收敛速度.通过5个高维标准测试函数的实验结果表明新算法的有效性.     

基于聚类集成的蚁群优化与受限解空间的TSP算法

蚁群算法是一种元启发式搜索算法,能有效地解决TSP这类NP问题.针对该算法的信息素更新机制易导致陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了一种基于聚类集成的蚁群优化与受限解空间的TSP算法.其主要思想如下:先用三角形TSP算法生成初始TSP并构建蚁群的初始转移概率矩阵,以减少蚂蚁选择的随机性;然后运用k-means聚类集成生成关联矩阵,作为扰动因子以优化蚂蚁对城市的选择概率,即关联城市相互吸引,不关联城市相互排斥,以避免过早陷入局部最优;最后提出一种重组受限解空间的边的方法再次优化蚁群的解.实验结果表明,与同类算法相比,该算法具有较优的结果.     

基于区域分割的差分进化算法求解0-1背包问题

为了更有效地求解0-1背包问题,提出了基于区域分割的差分进化算法(PDE).为保证变异算子的封闭性,对传统差分进化算法(DE)的变异算子进行了修改.引入区域分割算法以后,解空间中一些没有希望的点被移除,缩小了最优解的搜索范围,增加了找到最优解的概率.将区域分割和贪婪算法相结合,用搜索到的最好解替换了种群中目标函数值最差的个体,保证了种群的多样性.数值实验表明:该算法比文献中的DE算法更稳健,全局搜索能力更强,能以更大的概率找到背包问题的最优解.     

基于距离测算的企业物流配送最优路径规划模型研究

针对当前企业物流配送总成本过高、配送距离过长等问题,提出基于距离测算的企业物流配送最优路径规划模型.测算企业物流配送时的车辆行驶时间距离与空间距离,将两者归一化处理实现配送距离测算;借助鲸鱼优化算法,通过包围猎物的形似搜索最优配送路径;为避免陷入局部最优解,融合莱维飞行与鲸鱼优化算法,选择最优配送路径;结合距离测算值与改进后的鲸鱼优化算法,构建企业物流配送最优路径规划模型.通过该模型选择捕猎路径最短的鲸鱼,将该鲸鱼的位置作为最佳鲸鱼位置并输出,实现企业物流配送最优路径规划.该模型可在城市内有大量需求点情况下,规划出最优路径,且规划后的路径能够有效减少配送距离、降低时间消耗.     

基于速度权重扰动机制的改进蝙蝠优化算法

为提高基本蝙蝠算法的局部最优解开发能力,拟引入速度权重扰动机制,提出一种基于速度权重扰动机制的改进蝙蝠优化算法.在算法迭代寻优过程中,蝙蝠个体自身当前位置优于群体当前位置均值时,选择带有速度权重扰动机制的速度演化策略更新下一代速度信息,从而提高算法跳出局部最优的能力,并最终实现群体逼近收敛到全局最优解.针对典型基准测试函数的仿真实验结果表明,该速度机制能够有效提高蝙蝠个体的局部开发能力,加强算法的全局寻优能力.     

基于多策略融合灰狼优化算法的特征选择方法

针对基本灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)在求解复杂优化问题时存在解精度低、探索与开发能力不平衡、收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出一种基于多策略融合的改进灰狼优化算法.首先,设计一种基于正弦函数的非线性过渡参数策略替代原灰狼优化算法中的线性递减策略,以实现算法从勘探到开发的良好过渡;其次,利用个体自身历史最佳位置和决策层个体共同引导群体进行搜索,以加速算法收敛速度和提高寻优精度;然后,在当前最优灰狼个体上引入小孔成像学习策略产生新的候选个体,以降低算法陷入局部最优的概率.选取6个基准测试函数进行数值实验.结果 表明:改进算法在求解精度和收敛速度指标上均优于其他比较算法.最后,将改进算法用于求解特征选择问题,对10个基准数据集的仿真结果表明,改进算法能有效地提高分类精度和选择最优特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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