酸化、低温和山梨酸盐贮藏橙汁的研究

酸化、低温和山梨酸盐贮藏橙汁的研究周汉奎四川万县市江海食品饮料公司采用酸化工艺，配合低温和山梨酸盐研究对橙汁贮藏的影啊。将澄汁酸化到ｐＨ２．０～３．０．配合ＳＣ、１０Ｃ或２５”Ｃ环境或添加０．０３％或０．０５％的山梨酸盐进行贮存，观察其细菌总数、酵母...     

基于电子鼻分析夏橙汁在贮藏过程中香气的变化

目的:研究了夏橙汁在不同贮藏温度和不同贮藏时间情况下橙汁的香气的变化情况.方法:电子鼻采集到夏橙汁的香气成分,并得到电子鼻传感器的响应值.利用PCA与DFA分析方法鉴别出夏橙汁在贮藏过程中香气的变化,以及在不同贮藏温度香气变化.结果:DFA的区分效果优于PCA的区分效果;在-18℃与4℃的低温贮藏条件下,橙汁的香气变化幅度较小,25℃贮藏的条件下香气成分的损失较多,并且三种贮藏温度下,第一、二周香气的响应值变化显著,第三、四周香气的响应值变化小,响应值接近.     

高强脉冲电场对维生素C的影响研究

采用自行研制的高强脉冲电场处理设备研究了脉冲场强、流速和电导率对橙汁中维生素C含量的影响情况.结果表明:304μs/cm电导率的橙汁中Vc(维生素C)的含量随着流速的降低而降低,25kV/cm场强下,流速为10mL/min,Vc降到76.47%:Vc含量随着脉冲场强和电导率的增大而减小,25kV/cm场强下,流速为20mL/min,1 054μs/cm电导率的橙汁中Vc降到最低:47.60%,橙汁温度上升到最高:68.5℃.     

鲜橙汁冷藏期间色泽变化研究

在4℃条件下贮藏鲜橙汁12 周期间,橙汁的红绿值a*、色泽指数OJ 值减小,亮度值L*、黄蓝值b*,饱和度C* 以及色调Hue 增大,Δ E* 值显著增大(P ＜ 0.05),橙汁色泽显著变差。同时,橙汁中类胡萝卜素和VC含量不断降低,褐变指数上升。橙汁色泽参数变化与类胡萝卜素和VC 含量的变化呈显著正相关,与褐变指数呈显著负相关。在4℃冷藏条件下贮藏鲜橙汁,其色泽的保质期为7～9 周。     

纸铝塑复合包装100%橙汁贮藏期间化学品质的变化

以100%橙汁为研究对象,监测其在4、20、37℃和55℃贮藏24周过程中化学指标如VC、5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)、糖类物质、类胡萝卜素、总多酚和总类黄酮的变化。结果表明:实验周期内100%橙汁中VC降解规律和HMF(37℃、55)积累量的变化可用一级动力学模型进行描述;20、37℃及55℃,100%橙汁中的葡萄糖和果糖含量逐渐增加,蔗糖含量逐渐降低,而4℃其蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量无显著变化;总多酚含量贮藏前期变化不显著,后期呈上升趋势;主要类胡萝卜素含量呈降低趋势;总类黄酮降解率在13.0%～24.4%之间。因此,贮藏温度对100%橙汁的化学品质影响显著,4℃低温下贮藏可以保持货架期橙汁化学品质相对稳定,有利于橙汁的贮藏。     

鲜榨橙汁中Vc的含量及稳定性研究

用直接碘量法测定鲜榨橙汁中Vc的含量,并研究了在不同存放条件下鲜榨橙汁中Vc含量的变化情况。结果表明,鲜榨橙汁中Vc含量较高,为51.27 mg/100 g;其Vc稳定性较高,避光、避氧冷藏10 h,Vc的保存率可为100%;同时,实验证明,用直接碘量法测定橙汁中Vc含量,其准确度与精确度均较高。     

低温保鲜方法对泥鳅品质的影响

以生鲜泥鳅为原料,研究不同低温贮藏条件下泥鳅理化品质及微生物的变化,以期为水产品低温保鲜技术研究提供理论依据。将宰杀后的泥鳅分别置于4,-2.5,-18℃条件下贮藏。4℃泥鳅分别于贮藏0,2,4,6,8,10d时取样(-2.5℃和-18℃泥鳅分别于贮藏0,5,10,15,20,25d时取样),进行感官评分及菌落总数、pH值、TVB-N、TBA、汁液流失率、剪切力的测定。结果表明:不同温度下,泥鳅的感官评分和剪切值均随时间的延长而下降,菌落总数、TBA、TVB-N、汁液流失率均上升,pH先快速下降后上升;相比于4℃,-2.5℃和-18℃能更有效地抑制泥鳅感官品质的下降、微生物的生长、pH值和TBA值的上升以及TVB-N的产生,但是在-2.5℃下,泥鳅的感官评分较-18℃下更高、汁液流失率更小;4,-2.5,-18℃贮藏泥鳅的货架期分别为6,20,25d。     

超高温瞬时灭菌对刺梨汁营养物质与贮藏稳定性的影响

以鲜榨刺梨汁为原料,研究对比了超高温瞬时灭菌(UHT)后与未灭菌的刺梨汁在4℃和常温避光条件下4组样品贮藏的品质变化,对刺梨汁Vc、SOD、单宁、pH值、总酸、可溶性固形物与微生物指标进行8周的动态监测。结果表明,UHT灭菌的刺梨汁在4℃冷藏与常温避光贮藏8周后,Vc保留率分别为90.91±0.7%与87.58±0.9%;SOD酶活性保存率分别为89.9±1.81%与85.82±3.49%;未经过UHT处理的刺梨汁在4℃冷藏与常温避光贮藏8周后,Vc保留率分别为78.89±0.43%与41.19±3.1%;SOD酶活性保存率分别为51±3.78%与41.8±7.33%;四组样品pH值均呈下降趋势,总酸含量均呈先上升后稳定的趋势;此外,在不同贮藏温度下UHT处理与未灭菌对单宁含量与可溶性固形物含量几乎没有影响(P>0.05);UHT处理组菌落总数与大肠杆菌均未检出,未灭菌刺梨汁菌落总数在第4周开始出现增长。结果表明UHT处理能有效保留刺梨汁中营养与生物活性物质,延长产品货架期;低温有利于刺梨产品的保藏。     

贮藏过程中夏橙汁香气成分变化

为探明贮藏对夏橙汁香气成分的影响,通过冷藏(5℃)、室温、加速贮藏(30、40、50℃)灭菌夏橙汁,分别于2、4、6周取样,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析香气成分,内标法半定量。结果表明：夏橙汁在贮藏过程中,柠檬烯、β-月桂烯、芳樟醇、辛醛、癸醛、丁酸乙酯等对香气有重要贡献的成分的含量有所下降;冷藏6周后各类成分含量下降缓慢,加速贮藏6周后烯烃类下降显著,但醇类、酮类及酯类等总含量下降不显著;α-松油醇、β-松油醇、糠醛、4-乙烯基愈创木酚等对橙汁品质有反作用的成分较对照组均有增加。故要保持夏橙汁固有的香气,应严格控制贮藏温度,其中以冷藏条件为最佳。     

加速试验条件下锦橙汁品质劣变关键指标评价

以自制非浓缩还原锦橙汁为原料,利用加速破坏性试验模型,选择导致橙汁品质劣变温度作为加速因子,分别在30℃和40℃条件下进行35d和12d货架期贮藏试验,每隔一定时间对样品进行感官评定和理化检测。结果表明:在30℃和40℃贮藏温度下,随着贮藏时间的增加,非浓缩还原橙汁的抗坏血酸含量显著下降,总色差和褐变指数显著增加,且变化值与感官总体评价变化之间达到了极显著相关(r>0.95),因此可以将抗坏血酸降解率、总色差、褐变指数作为非浓缩还原型锦橙汁贮藏期间品质劣变的关键指标。     

Use of Acidification, Low Temperature, and Sorbates for Storage of Orange Juice

The effects of acidification, combination of acidification and low temperature and sorbates on the storage of orange juice were investigated. Acidification of orange juice to pH 2.0 and pH 2.5 followed by storage at 5°C resulted in marked reduction in total plate count and yeast and mold population during twelve weeks of storage. Use of 0.03% sorbic acid or potassium sorbate in combination with acidification at pH 2.5 resulted in preservation of orange juice stored at 10°C over 10 wk period; however, vitamin C degradation was enhanced by the presence of the sorbates. The results also indicated that relatively high concentrations of vitamin C were present in orange juice containing high population of microorganisms.     

Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products

This study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and their acidification in orange juice at 25°C for nine days and at 4°C over thirty five days of storage. Alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and CaCl(2) cross linking solution. Unencapsulated L. rhamnosus GG was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both temperatures. However unencapsulated L. acidophilus NCFM showed significant reduction in viability. Encapsulation of these two bacteria did not significantly enhance survivability but did reduce acidification at 25°C and 4°C. In agreement with this, encapsulation of L. rhamnosus GG also reduced acidification in pear and peach fruit-based foods at 25°C, however at 4°C difference in pH was insignificant between free and encapsulated cells. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus GG showed excellent survival in orange juice and microencapsulation has potential in reducing acidification and possible negative sensory effects of probiotics in orange juice and other fruit-based products.     

天然防腐剂柠檬烯在橙汁保鲜中的应用

对柠檬烯乳化及其在橙汁保鲜中的应用进行研究。乳化实验结果表明,添加20g/L 的蔗糖酯SE-15,乳化效果最好,离心前后吸光变化率为26.70%。橙汁保鲜实验结果表明,添加0.25g/L 的柠檬烯保鲜效果较差,贮存期间细菌总数变化,只有第4 天明显低于空白对照,pH 值和感官品质与空白对照相比,始终无明显差异;而添加大于等于0.50g/L 的柠檬烯,保鲜效果明显,在整个检测过程中,细菌总数、pH 值变化和感官品质都明显优于空白对照。     

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during storage in pressure-treated orange juice.

The effect of a high-pressure treatment on the survival of a pressure-resistant strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12079) in orange juice during storage at 3 degrees C was investigated over the pH range of 3.4 to 5.0. The pH of shelf-stable orange juice was adjusted to 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 4.5, and 5.0 and inoculated with 10(8) CFU ml(-1) of E. coli O157:H7. The orange juice was then pressure treated at 400 MPa for 1 min at 10 degrees C or was held at ambient pressure (as a control). Surviving E. coli O157:H7 cells were enumerated at 1-day intervals during a storage period of 25 days at 3 degrees C. Survival of E. coli O157:H7 during storage was dependent on the pH of the orange juice. The application of high pressure prior to storage significantly increased the susceptibility of E. coli O157:H7 to high acidity. For example, after pressure treatment, the time required for a 5-log decrease in cell numbers was reduced from 13 to 3 days at pH 3.4, from 16 to 6 days at pH 3.6, and from >25 to 8 days at pH 3.9. It is evident that the use of high-pressure processing of orange juice in order to increase the juice's shelf-life and to inactivate pathogens has the added advantage that it sensitizes E. coli O157:H7 to the high acid conditions found in orange juice, which results in the survival of significantly fewer E. coli O157:H7 during subsequent refrigerated storage.     

橙汁混浊的稳定性

研究成熟度、制汁工艺、酶处理、贮藏条件对橙汁混浊稳定性影响。结果表明：随着成熟度增加,橙汁混浊度呈上升趋势;胶体磨细微化可以增加果浆中果胶、可溶性果胶的溶出,果胶含量显著增加(P ＜ 0.05);果胶酯酶(PE)活性影响橙汁混浊稳定性,应完全钝化;采用果胶酶酶解会破坏橙汁浑浊稳定性,木瓜蛋白酶酶解橙汁浑浊度的影响不明显;4℃和15℃贮藏对橙汁混浊度的影响不显著(P ＞ 0.05),25℃贮藏对橙汁混浊度降低影响显著(P ＜ 0.05),常温贮藏不利于保持橙汁混浊稳定性。     

High pressure processing of Australian navel orange juices: Sensory analysis and volatile flavor profiling

Navel orange juices subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) and temperature treatment (TT) were stored at 4 and 10 °C for up to 12 weeks to establish the shelf-life of such products. The processed juices and a control juice, stored at − 20 °C, were assessed by a trained sensory panel and a consumer acceptance panel at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks or until such time that the juices were considered unfit for consumption. Untreated juice stored at 4 °C was similarly assessed for up to 2 weeks and untreated juice stored at 10 °C was assessed for up to 1 week. The volatile components of corresponding juices were isolated by SPME and the extracts were analyzed by GC–MS. Twenty key aroma compounds were selected for quantification and these data were used to monitor the change in volatile content of the juices during storage. The study showed that the odor and flavor of the HPP juice was acceptable to consumers after storage for 12 weeks at temperatures up to 10 °C. However, only the TT juice stored at 4 °C was acceptable after the same length of storage.

Industrial relevance

Orange juice is a sensitive product subject to a high microbial load that can tolerate only moderate heat treatment without the destruction of the product’s delicate aroma and flavor characteristics. High pressure processing at moderate pressures and storage at refrigeration temperatures have been evaluated as means of maximizing microbial inactivation while maintaining consumer acceptability of the product. The sensory and analytical data presented demonstrate that high pressure processing with refrigeration can extend the shelf-life of orange juice while maintaining consumer acceptability.     

Toward validation of process criteria for high-pressure processing of orange juice with predictive models

Mathematical models were developed to predict time to inactivation (TTI) by high-pressure processing of Salmonella in Australian Valencia orange juice (pH 4.3) and navel orange juice (pH 3.7) as a function of pressure magnitude (300 to 600 MPa) and inoculum level (3 to 7 log CFU/ml). For each model, the TTI was found to increase with increasing inoculum level and decrease with increasing pressure magnitude. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Juice Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Regulation requires fruit juice processors to include control measures that produce a 5-log reduction of the pertinent microorganism of public health significance in the juice. To achieve a 5-log reduction of Salmonella in navel orange juice at 20 degrees C, the models predicted hold times of 198, 19, and 5 s at 300, 450, and 600 MPa, respectively. In Valencia orange juice at 20 degrees C, a 5-log reduction of Salmonella was achieved in 369, 25, and 5 s at 300, 450, and 600 MPa, respectively. At pressures below 400 MPa, Salmonella was more sensitive to pressure in the more acidic conditions of the navel orange juice and TTIs were shorter. At higher pressures, little difference in the predicted TTI was observed. Refrigerated storage (4 degrees C) of inoculated navel orange juice treated at selected pressure/time/inoculum combinations showed that under conditions in which viable Salmonella was recovered immediately after high-pressure processing, pressure-treated Salmonella was susceptible to the acidic environment of orange juice or to chill storage temperature. These TTI models can assist fruit juice processors in selecting processing criteria to achieve an appropriate performance criterion with regard to the reduction of Salmonella in orange juice, while allowing for processing flexibility and optimization of high-pressure juice processing.     

Survival of Lactobacillus plantarum in model solutions and fruit juices

The aim of the work was to study the survival of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 in model solutions and develop a mathematical model describing its dependence on pH, citric acid and ascorbic acid. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was developed studying each of the three factors at five levels within the following ranges, i.e., pH (3.0-4.2), citric acid (6-40 g/L), and ascorbic acid (100-1000 mg/L). In total, 17 experimental runs were carried out. The initial cell concentration in the model solutions was approximately 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL; the solutions were stored at 4 °C for 6 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the stepwise regression demonstrated that a second order polynomial model fits well the data. The results demonstrated that high pH and citric acid concentration enhanced cell survival; one the other hand, ascorbic acid did not have an effect. Cell survival during storage was also investigated in various types of juices, including orange, grapefruit, blackcurrant, pineapple, pomegranate, cranberry and lemon juice. The model predicted well the cell survival in orange, blackcurrant and pineapple, however it failed to predict cell survival in grapefruit and pomegranate, indicating the influence of additional factors, besides pH and citric acid, on cell survival. Very good cell survival (less than 0.4 log decrease) was observed after 6 weeks of storage in orange, blackcurrant and pineapple juice, all of which had a pH of about 3.8. Cell survival in cranberry and pomegranate decreased very quickly, whereas in the case of lemon juice, the cell concentration decreased approximately 1.1 logs after 6 weeks of storage, albeit the fact that lemon juice had the lowest pH (pH ~ 2.5) among all the juices tested. Taking into account the results from the compositional analysis of the juices and the model, it was deduced that in certain juices, other compounds seemed to protect the cells during storage; these were likely to be proteins and dietary fibre In contrast, in certain juices, such as pomegranate, cell survival was much lower than expected; this could be due to the presence of antimicrobial compounds, such as phenolic compounds.     

采收期、贮藏时间及加工单元操作对赣南脐橙汁苦味物质含量的影响

探讨赣南脐橙采收期、贮藏时间及加工单元操作对橙汁苦味物质(柠檬苦素、诺米林)含量的影响,为降低橙汁苦味提供参考。测定不同采收期与贮藏时间及不同加工单元操作下的橙汁中的苦味物质含量,重点研究橙汁热处理过程中苦味物质的变化并进行动力学模型拟合。结果表明,随着采收期的延长,橙汁中柠檬苦素与诺米林的含量逐渐降低,但在贮藏期间,橙汁中的柠檬苦素与诺米林含量先升高后降低;破碎汁中柠檬苦素与诺米林含量均高于挤压汁,酶解工艺后破碎汁和挤压汁中柠檬苦素含量均大幅升高,而诺米林未被检出;热处理温度越高、pH值越低,橙汁中苦味物质含量越高,当pH值>6.0时,柠檬苦素和诺米林均未在橙汁中检出,同时可用联合反应模型拟合热处理过程中橙汁柠檬苦素和诺米林含量变化。脐橙采收期与贮藏期和加工单元操作特别是热处理条件均对橙汁苦味物质的含量影响较大,后续可通过延迟采收期与贮藏时间、优化取汁方法及控制热处理参数等措施降低橙汁的苦味物质含量。