Er离子注入GaN薄膜的阴极荧光机制研究

采用离子注入方法制备了一系列不同Er离子剂量的GaN薄膜,并在不同温度、不同气氛下进行了退火处理.深入研究了退火温度和退火气氛对阴极荧光谱的影响机制和阴极荧光中的发光猝灭现象,获得了优化的退火条件.结果表明,当Er离子注入剂量达到1×1015cm-2时,Er离子的发光强度最高;当Er离子注入剂量达到5×1015cm-2时,出现发光猝灭现象.     

提高掺铒硅基纳米材料发光效率的探索

本文中,我们以SiO2介质镶嵌的纳米晶Si薄膜(nc-Si/SiO2)作为基质,将稀土离子Er掺入其中所形成的nc-Si:Er3+/SiO2薄膜材料为主,介绍了nc-Si→Er3+之间的能量转移过程,探讨了实现各类掺Er的Si基纳米材料高效率发光的可能途径.这些方法主要包括:增强nc-Si→Er3+的能转移效率,提高有效Er的掺杂浓度,选择最佳的退火温度,增加Er-O发光复合体的浓度和制备新的Er掺杂Si基纳米结构等.这些方法对制备具有高发光效率的掺铒硅基纳米材料具有重要的实际意义.     

生长和退火温度对磁控溅射法制备的ZnO薄膜性能的影响

利用磁控溅射法于500 ℃、550 ℃、600 ℃和650 ℃下在Al2O3(001)衬底上生长ZnO薄.对生长的ZnO薄膜后分别进行了800 ℃退火和1000 ℃退火处理.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、霍尔测试仪和透射谱仪对薄膜的结构、电学和光学性质进行了研究,结果表明合适的生长温度和退火温度能够提高ZnO薄膜的结晶质量和性能.     

退火对Si(111)衬底上ZnO薄膜的结构和发光特性的影响

采用磁控溅射法在硅(111)衬底上制备了C轴高度取向的ZnO薄膜,并研究了退火温度和氧气气氛对ZnO薄膜晶体质量、晶粒度大小和光致发光谱的影响.X射线衍射表明,所有薄膜均为高度C轴择优取向,当退火温度低于900℃时,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的取向性和结晶度都明显提高.室温下对ZnO薄膜进行了光谱分析,退火后的样品均可观测到明显的紫光发射.在一定的退火温度范围内,还可以观测到明显的紫外双峰.空气中退火的样品,当退火温度达到或高于600℃还可观测到绿光发射.实验结果表明,发光峰强度随退火温度和氧气气氛不同而不同,通过改变退火时的温度和氧气气氛可以改变ZnO薄膜的微结构和发光性质.     

硼、氮共掺杂金刚石的高温高压退火研究

本文通过温度梯度法在5.5 GPa和1300℃的条件下合成了硼、氮共掺杂金刚石单晶.随后分别在5.0 GPa,2000℃和2100℃的条件下对合成金刚石进行了高温高压(HPHT)退火处理.傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)测试表明高温高压退火后晶体内部单一替代形式的C心氮转变成了聚集态A心氮,且随着退火温度的升高A心氮的含量提高.晶体内部带正电荷的氮离子N+的含量并未受到退火处理的影响.经过高温退火后晶体内部出现了NV0和NV-色心,但是继续提高退火温度时NV色心消失.高温高压退火并未对金刚石晶体的结构及内应力产生明显的影响.高温高压退火处理后金刚石晶体的热稳定性能提高,其起始氧化温度、剧烈氧化温度以及质量急剧减少的温度点分别提高了65℃、55℃以及61℃.本文对高温高压退火处理应用到硼、氮共掺杂金刚石提供了指导.     

Er掺杂ZnS纳米晶的合成及光致发光性能研究

以巯基乙酸(HSCH2COOH)为稳定剂,采用水热法合成了分散性好的ZnS∶ Er纳米晶,分别利用XRD、TEM,荧光光谱仪对其物相,形貌及光学性能进行了研究.结果表明:ZnS∶ Er纳米晶为闪锌矿ZnS结构,颗粒近似球形,平均粒度为5 ～8 nm.当Er3+掺杂摩尔浓度为6;,稳定剂巯基乙酸添加摩尔分数为2;,合成温度为120℃条件下得到了发光性能较好的Er离子掺杂ZnS纳米晶材料,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.     

NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米材料的量子剪裁动力学分析

采用共沉淀法合成NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米材料,测量其吸收光谱和荧光光谱.利用吸收光谱,计算Er3+离子的辐射跃迁几率.分析489 nm激发下NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+的量子剪裁近红外荧光光谱,观察到中心波长位于980 nm (Yb3+:2F5/2→2 F7/2)的发射峰;拟合不同Yb3+掺杂浓度下Er3+的2H11/2能级的荧光衰减曲线,得到随着Yb3+浓度的增加,Er3+的寿命逐渐缩短,表明Er3+→Yb3+的能量传递效率和量子剪裁效率逐渐提高.通过Er3+-Yb3+量子剪裁速率方程,计算得最佳掺杂浓度样品NaYF4:2;Er3+,10;Yb3+纳米材料的量子剪裁效率为149.6;.     

热退火对电子束蒸镀方法制备的ZnO:Al薄膜光电性质的影响

采用电子束蒸镀方法在Si(100)衬底上沉积了ZnO:Al(ZAO)薄膜.在氧气气氛下对ZnO:Al薄膜进行了退火处理,退火温度的范围为400～800℃.X射线衍射(XRD)图样表明所制备的ZnO:Al薄膜具有六方结构,为c轴(002)择优取向的多晶薄膜.用Van der Pauw法测量了ZAO薄膜的电学特性,结果显示其电导率在500℃达到最大值.测量了ZAO薄膜的室温微区光致发光和变温发光光谱,观测到了ZnO自由激子、束缚在中性施主中心(D0)上的束缚激子以及束缚在离化施主中心(D+0)上的束缚激子发射.     

稀土离子掺杂钨酸铅晶体中的间隙氧

本实验使用激光选择激发和发射技术,对Eu3+掺杂(0.01;原子分数)的钨酸铅晶体进行了发光表征和研究,对原生态的PbWO4:Eu3+0.01;原子分数晶体,在空气气氛中分别进行了不同温度下的退火处理.在不同退火的样品中,Eu3+离子的5Do→7Fo激发光谱、5Do→FJ(J=1,2,3,4)发射光谱、发光衰减及其荧光寿命具有不同的特征.Eu3+离子的7Fo和5Do态都是单态,不会发生分裂,对应于7Fo→5Do激发跃迁的数目,就是Eu3+离子在晶格中的晶体学位置.实验证实了在Eu3+掺杂钨酸铅晶体之中,主要的电荷补偿机制是来自[(Eupb3+).-V"Pb-(Eupb3+).],在低温空气条件下退火产生间隙氧,产生新的电荷补偿[(Eupb3+).-O"i-(Eupb3+).].     

不同能量He离子注入单晶Si引起的损伤研究

40、160和1550 keV能量的He离子在室温下注入单晶Si样品到相同的剂量5×1016 ions/cm2,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了800℃退火1h在Si中引起的损伤形貌.结果表明,三种能量的He离子注入Si并经高温退火均能产生空腔,但空腔的形貌、尺寸以及分布深度都依赖于离子的能量.结合TRIM程序计算结果对空腔和其它缺陷产生对He离子能量的依赖性进行了讨论.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

Ordering of cations in the voids of the anionic framework of the crystal structure of catapleiite

The pseudohexagonal crystal structure of the mineral catapleiite Na_1.5Ca_0.2[ZrSi₃(O,OH)₉] · 2(H₂O,F) from the Zhil’naya Valley in the central part of the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) is studied by X-ray diffraction (XCalibur-S diffractometer, R = 0.0346): a = 20.100(4), b = 25.673(5), and c = 14.822(3) Å; space group Fdd2, Z = 32, and ρ_calcd = 2.76 g/cm³. Fluorine atoms substituting part of H₂O molecules in open channels of the crystal structure have been found for the first time in the catapleiite composition by microprobe analysis. The pattern of distribution of Na and Ca atoms over the voids of the mixed anionic framework consisting of Zr-octahedra and three-membered rings of Si-tetrahedra accounts for the pronounced pseudoperiodicity along the a and c axes of the pseudohexagonal unit cell and for the lowering of crystal symmetry to the orthorhombic one. It is shown that part of the hydrogen atoms of water molecules is statistically disordered; their distribution correlates with the pattern of the population of large eight-vertex polyhedra by Na and Ca atoms.     

Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis

Crystallography Reports - Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The...     

Computer Modelling of the Light Propagation through the Complex Anisotropy Systems - the way of a Determination of the Optical Parameters of the Liquid Crystal Displays

A mathematical and numerical method for an analysis of a liquid crystal displays (LCD) has been presented. The assumptions of the calculations of a light propagation through the display are shown. The real conditions of a work of these displays have been taken into account. Basing of this mathematical model a computer program for a numerical modelling of the optical parameters of LC displays working in real conditions has been worked out. This program makes possible to obtain the most important parameters of a display such as: contrast ratio, luminance in on- and off-state, spectral characteristics of light and its colour coordinates in these both states. The results obtained from this program have been verified experimentally. Very high conformity of these results has been obtained.