Al2O3/Fe纳米复合粉体的制备及其陶瓷的性能研究

以纳米α-Al2O3和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用非均相沉淀法制备了Fe包裹Al2O3的纳米复合粉体.经XRD、SEM分析发现:复合粉体前驱体经500 ℃焙烧,在H2中700 ℃还原可以得到纳米Fe包裹Al2O3的纳米复合粉体.粉体分散良好,Al2O3表面的纳米Fe粒子呈非连续状态,颗粒为球形,尺寸为30 nm左右,分布均匀.将复合粉体在热压下(30 MPa)烧结获得Al2O3/Fe复合陶瓷,当加入5mol%Fe时,陶瓷的热压烧结温度比单相Al2O3陶瓷降低将近100 ℃.含量为10mol%Fe的陶瓷样品在1500 ℃热压烧结后,断裂韧性可达到5.62 MPa,与相同条件下烧结的单相Al2O3陶瓷(KIc=3.57 MPa)相比提高了近57%.     

裂解碳包覆对SiC纳米纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料性能的影响

以SiC纳米纤维(SiC_nf)为增强体,通过化学气相沉积在SiC纳米纤维表面沉积裂解碳(PyC)包覆层,并与SiC粉体、Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃烧结助剂共混制备陶瓷素坯,采用热压烧结工艺制备质量分数为10%的SiC纳米纤维增强SiC陶瓷基(SiC_nf/SiC)复合材料。研究了PyC包覆层沉积时间对SiC_nf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的致密度、断裂面微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在1 100 ℃下沉积60 min制备的PyC包覆层厚度为10 nm,且为结晶度较好的层状石墨结构;相比于纤维表面无包覆层的复合材料,复合材料的断裂韧性提高了35%,达到最大值(19.35±1.17) MPa·m^1/2,抗弯强度为(375.5±8.5) MPa,致密度为96.68%。复合材料的断裂截面可见部分纳米纤维拔出现象,但SiC_nf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料界面结合仍较强,纳米纤维拔出短,表现为脆性断裂。     

无压烧结制备纳米复合碳化硅陶瓷

以水基喷雾造粒而成含5%(质量分数)纳米氮化钛(TiN)颗粒的碳化硅(SiC)造粒粉为原料,采用无压烧结制备纳米复合SiC陶瓷。分析了烧结温度及保温时间对复合陶瓷烧结特性与显微结构的影响规律。结果表明:采取二步烧结可以实现SiC陶瓷在晶粒不明显长大的前提下实现致密化,二步烧结,即先升温到1950℃保温15min后迅速降至1850℃烧结1h,制备的SiC陶瓷具有较高收缩率、较低质量损失以及较高的致密度;纳米TiN颗粒加入后能与基体(SiC,Al2O3)部分发生反应生成TiC和AlN,明显改善SiC陶瓷的烧结性能,获得等轴状、细晶显微结构和优越的力学性能。     

纤维氧化处理对SiCsf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以Y2O3、Al2O3为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结法制备短碳化硅纤维(2～4mm)增强碳化硅(ShortSiCfiberreinforcedSiCcomposite,SiCsf/SiC)复合材料,研究了纤维氧化处理对SiCsf/SiC复合材料结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及力学性能试验机对材料进行结构表征和力学性能测试。结果表明:纤维氧化处理后,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性均有大幅提高。当纤维含量达到5wt%时,复合材料断裂韧性为5.41MPa.m1/2,与原始纤维增强SiC样品相比,提高了6.5%;与无纤维增强SiC样品相比,提高了27%。扫描电镜显示纤维氧化处理后,纤维与基体结合紧密。     

纳米SiC增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的制备、表征及力学性能研究

以SiC和Si微米粉为添加剂,采用无压烧结工艺制备了纳米SiC增韧的Al2O3陶瓷复合材料,探讨了SiC含量、烧结气氛和烧结温度对复合材料的烧成收缩率、微观形貌、抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性的影响。结果显示：SiC的添加使复合材料的烧成收缩率下降,惰性气氛下复合材料的收缩率要大于氧化气氛和还原气氛时的收缩率。在氧化性气氛下烧结时,当SiC添加量为4%时,复合陶瓷的体积密度为3.80 g·cm^-3,抗弯强度、断裂韧性及维氏硬度均达到最大值,分别为480 MPa、5.12 MPa·m1/2、16.2 GPa。添加SiC后所得复合材料的基体颗粒为椭圆状,粒径为2μm左右,颗粒与颗粒之间结合紧密,颗粒形状的改变可能是因为烧结机理发生变化所致。纳米SiC颗粒位于晶界处,形成了由Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3搭桥联结的晶界,提高了晶界强度,导致裂纹只能在晶内传播。     

溶胶-凝胶法引入烧结助剂制备SiC-Y3Al5O12复相陶瓷

以碳化硅、六水硝酸钇、九水硝酸铝和六次甲基四胺为主要原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法引入Al2O3和Y2O3复合烧结助剂,液相烧结制备得到SiC-Y3Al5O12(Y3Al5O12简称YAG)复相陶瓷.采用DTA、TEM、XRD等分析测试技术研究了溶胶-凝胶法引入复合烧结助剂过程及复合烧结助剂对SiC-YAG陶瓷的烧结性能、力学性能、物相组成与显微结构的影响.结果表明干凝胶在920℃左右已完全转变成YAG相,最终获得的YAG粒径小,并均匀分散在SiC表面的SiC-YAG复合粉体;复合粉体先干压、再等静压成型后,在1860℃下烧结45 min,所制得复相陶瓷的相对密度达到了96.5%,抗弯强度达到486 MPa,断裂韧性达到5.7 MPa·m1/2.     

碳含量对反应熔渗法制备SiC晶须增强碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响研究

以SiC晶须作为增强体,通过酚醛树脂高温碳化裂解获得碳包覆的SiC晶须,与纳米碳化硅粉体、炭黑混合均匀形成复合陶瓷乙醇浆料.经过干燥、造粒、成型和排胶后获得SiCw-C-SiC素坯,利用反应熔渗法制备高体积分数的SiC晶须增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料.研究了碳黑含量对复合材料力学性能与显微结构的影响.通过扫描电镜照片显示,碳包覆的SiC晶须经高温反应熔渗后仍保持表面的竹节状形貌,且晶须与碳化硅基体间形成适中的界面结合强度,材料断口处有明显的晶须拔出;当炭黑含量为15wt％时,抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最高值分别为315 MPa和4.85 MPa·m1/2,比未加晶须的SiC陶瓷抗弯强度提高了25％,断裂韧性提高了15％;当炭黑含量为20wt％时,复合材料中残留部分未反应的炭黑,制约其力学性能的提高.     

SiC纳米线增强反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷的性能研究

以单晶SiC纳米线作为增强体,碳化硅-碳为陶瓷基体,在1550℃下,采用反应烧结制备碳化硅基陶瓷复合材料(SiCnf/SiC).结合X射线衍射、万能试验机和扫描电镜等检测和分析,研究SiC纳米线对复合材料的微结构和力学性能的影响.研究表明:与未加入SiC纳米线的反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷相比,添加SiC纳米线的复合陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性都得到显著的提高,抗弯强度提高了52％,达到320 MPa(SiC纳米线含量为12wt％),断裂韧性提高了40.6％,达到4.5 MPa· m1/2(SiC纳米线含量为15wt％);反应后的SiC纳米线仍然可以保持原有的竹节状结构,且随着SiC纳米线的加入,复合陶瓷的断口可以观察到SiC纳米线拔出现象.但由于SiC纳米线“架桥”的现象,添加过量的纳米线会降低复合陶瓷的密度和限制复合陶瓷力学性能的提高.同时还讨论了SiCnf/SiC的增强机理.     

氧化铝料浆预浸料结合PIP工艺制备SiC/Al2O3-SiC陶瓷基复合材料及性能研究

连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（SiC/SiC）具有低密度、耐高温、低氚渗透率和优异的辐照稳定性的优点，在航空、航天、核能等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文针对PIP工艺制备SiC/SiC复合材料周期长、孔隙率较高及易氧化的问题，通过料浆预浸料工艺在基体中引入氧化铝陶瓷形成SiC/Al2O3-SiC复相基体复合材料，并对复合材料制备工艺过程、微观形貌及力学性能进行系统表征。分析结果表明，SiC/Al2O3-SiC复相基体复合材料制备周期较传统PIP工艺大幅度缩短，且复合材料孔隙率明显降低，从11.6%左右降低至6%，拉伸强度为316.5MPa，提升了12.3%，弯曲强度与SiC/SiC相当，但层间剪切强度较低，仅为16.3MPa，有待进一步提高。     

无压烧结制备Al2O3/SiC纳米复合陶瓷

用沉淀法包裹微米级SiC颗粒，通过常压、埋烧制备Al2O3／SiC纳米复合陶瓷。通过XRD、TG和SEM等分析了煅烧和烧结过程中相组成的变化、烧成收缩和显微结构。结果表明：利用SiC粉埋烧及碳粉制造还原气氛，含8wt％SiC(平均粒径为5mm)的复合粉末经800℃煅烧、成型，试样于1550℃，2h烧结，可制备Al2O3／SiC纳米复合陶瓷，其相对体积密度达95．2％，在烧结过程中由SiC氧化形成的无定形SiO2及与基质氧化铝反应形成的莫来石前躯体可大大促进烧结。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.