苯甲酰胺对高岭石插层的FTIR和XRD研究

苯甲酰胺在熔融状态下取代前驱体中的DMSO分子插层高岭石,产物经丙酮洗涤,得到纯净的高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物。XRD结果显示高岭石层间距从0.717 nm膨胀到1.437 nm。插层作用使高岭石内表面羟基红外伸缩振动峰由3 696和3 657 cm-1移动至3 701和3 651 cm-1处;苯甲酰胺3 368和3 172 cm-1处NH₂基伸缩振动峰红移至3 474和3 184 cm-1处,1 659 cm-1处羰基峰移至1 640 cm-1处,这些表明原高岭石层间氢键的损失及与苯甲酰胺分子之间氢键的形成。插层反应于30 min迅速达到平衡,插层率随反应温度的增加先增加后减小,180 ℃时有最大插层率;以丙酮作为洗涤剂可以消除表面吸附和残余的苯甲酰胺晶体而不影响复合物的结构。     

三价铕荧光络合物与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复合物研究

为研究稀土荧光络合物与高分子形成的复合物的结构与发光性能间的关系,利用α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮（TTA）和三苯基氧化膦（TPPO）与氯化铕（EuCl₃）分别制备了Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O和Eu(TTA)₃·(TPPO)₂络合物,及其与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的复合物。采用荧光光谱,红外光谱和透射电镜等方法对复合物进行了表征。荧光光谱测定结果表明Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O与PVP K30结构单元摩尔比为1∶35的PVP/Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O复合物的612　nm发射峰的荧光强度较Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O络合物有显著提高。红外光谱研究表明络合物的Eu3+与PVP分子的羰基之间存在着明显的配位作用,并且存在多种配位方式。透射电镜观察结果表明复合物具有微相分离结构,其中的稀土络合物为无定形结构,这进一步表明PVP与络合物分子间存在相互作用。     

常见氯盐溶液中阳离子对水分子氢键影响的拉曼光谱研究

为了全面认识地质流体中常见阳离子对水的结构的影响, 在室温下通过对NaCl—H₂O,CaCl₂—H₂O,MgCl₂—H₂O,CuCl₂—H₂O,ZnCl₂—H₂O和FeCl₃—H₂O体系中水的O—H伸缩振动拉曼谱3 400 cm-1左右的最大峰频率的移动和低于3 433 cm-1强肩峰强弱的系统研究,考察了常见阳离子的离子电荷、离子半径、离子所属族以及络合效应等因素对水的O—H伸缩振动拉曼光谱的影响。并首次通过络合物的生成和阳离子破坏效应的共同作用来讨论相同浓度的不同种类氯盐溶液中阳离子对水氢键的影响,得到结论,对水的氢键的破坏作用：CaCl₂＞MgCl₂＞FeCl₃＞NaCl＞ZnCl2＞CuCl₂。     

五氯苯酚在赤铁矿表面吸附的红外光谱研究

由静态实验得到了五氯苯酚在赤铁矿表面吸附的pH等温线,最大吸附量发生在pH值6.0处,赤铁矿等电点pH值8.5处的吸附量为最大吸附量的31%。通过FTIR分析了赤铁矿吸附前后的变化,研究了吸附时五氯苯酚、 赤铁矿存在形态和比例,结果表明: (1)α-Fe₂O₃ 565 cm-1处特征峰吸附前后未发生改变,吸附发生在赤铁矿表面。(2)pH 6.0时,α-Fe₂O₃表面OH与水形成的氢键产生的伸缩振动峰3 438 cm-1位移到了3 417 cm-1,1 643 cm-1表面的H—O—H+的弯曲振动峰由于络合反应发生明显的减弱,1 050～1 100 cm-1处的Fe—OH键峰位移到了950 cm-1且强度增加。五氯苯酚中的1 215 cm-1的C—O键伸缩振动峰位移到1 122 cm-1,两者之间作用以静电吸附为主。(3)pH 8.5时,α-Fe₂O₃表面OH与水形成的氢键产生的伸缩振动峰3 438 cm-1位移到了3 428 cm-1,1 643 cm-1处弯曲振动峰由于氢键反应发生明显的减弱,1 050～1 100 cm-1处的H—O—H+的弯曲振动峰位移到了947 cm-1且强度明显增加,两者之间主要是氢键作用。     

3-甲基-1-乙酰基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑及其铕和铽配合物的合成与光谱学研究

以六水合硝酸铽和六水合硝酸铕,3-甲基-1-乙酰基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑(HL),1,10-邻菲罗啉和三苯基氧磷(TPPO)合成了TbL₃·2H₂O,TbL₂(phen)·H₂O,TbL₂(TPPO),EuL₃·2H₂O,EuL₂(phen)·2H₂O,EuL₂(TPPO)·2H2O 6个固体配合物。用元素分析,红外光谱,荧光光谱对配合物进行了组分确定和结构表征。IR表明,自由配体HL与稀土离子配位后,位于1644 cm-1处的ν_CC发生移动,相应的ν_CN振动吸收峰降到了1 600 cm-1,结合元素分析等其他表征说明HL和稀土离子发生配位。室温下测定了配合物的荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,激发光谱表明配合物EuL₂(Phen)·2H₂O和TbL₂(Phen)·H₂O的最佳激发波长分别为310和320 nm, 在此激发波长下扫描发射光谱,EuL₂(Phen)·2H₂O和TbL₂(Phen)·H₂O相对荧光强度最强,第二配体phen对Eu3+和Tb3+离子的荧光发射强度有明显的增强作用。     

常见氯盐溶液水的拉曼包络线高斯-洛仑兹去卷积分峰定量研究

为了探索地质流体中常见阳离子的拉曼光谱定量方法, 在室温下对NaCl-H₂O, CaCl₂-H₂O, MgCl₂-H₂O, CuCl₂-H₂O, ZnCl₂-H₂O和FeCl₃-H₂O体系3 000～3 800 cm-1范围水的O—H伸缩振动区域进行了高斯-洛仑兹去卷积分峰,并对所得积分参数进行了分析。结果显示：(1)不同体系拟合后参数比(峰强比、半高宽比和积分面积比)与浓度的线性相关程度不尽相同,但对于所有体系来说拟合峰强度比(低频/高频)与浓度的线性关系均很好,完全符合定量要求,为室温下定量分析这些体系盐溶液,提供了一种便捷、可靠的定量方法。(2)拟合峰的强度比(低频/高频)随浓度的变化,在NaCl-H₂O,CaCl₂-H₂O和MgCl₂-H₂O体系中,随浓度增加,强度比呈下降趋势,说明分子间氢键逐渐减少;然而在CuCl₂-H₂O,ZnCl₂-H₂O和FeCl₃-H₂O体系却是呈上升趋势,说明分子间氢键逐渐增多,可能与这三个体系均是过渡金属离子氯盐在水中形成络合物作用有关,尚需进一步研究。(3)通过各个体系强度比与浓度关系一次拟合曲线斜率可以看出对水分子氢键的影响能力CaCl₂和MgCl₂＞NaCl;FeCl₃＞ZnCl₂和CuCl₂。     

碳纳米管及其H_2吸附体系的Raman光谱

利用紫外Raman光谱技术 ,对分别以CO和CH4为碳源、由化学催化法制备的两种多壁碳纳米管以及它们的H2 吸附体系进行Raman光谱表征 ,观测到可分别归属于类石墨结构的基频模G (1 5 80cm- 1 )和D (1 41 6cm- 1 ,缺陷诱导 ) ,以及它们的二阶和三阶组合频 2D(2 83 2cm- 1 ) ,D +G (2 996cm- 1 ) ,2G (3 1 6 0cm- 1 )和 2D +G (441 2cm- 1 )的Raman峰 ;H2在这些多壁碳纳米管上吸附有两种形式 :非解离吸附分子氢H2 (a)和解离吸附生成含氢表面物种CHX(x =3 ,2 ,1 ) ,所观测在 2 85 0 ,2 96 7和 3 95 0cm- 1 处的Raman谱峰可分别归属于表面CH2 基的对称C -H伸缩模 ,CH3基的不对称C -H伸缩模 ,以及吸附态分子氢H2 (a)的H -H伸缩模     

利用二维红外相关光谱研究胶原/透明质酸共混物的相互作用

以胶原/透明质酸共混物中透明质酸的含量为外扰,利用二维红外相关光谱法研究了胶原/透明质酸共混物的构象变化及它们之间的相互作用.研究发现,1694,1524与1241 cm-1归属于胶原酰胺带的C=O对称伸缩振动、N-H摇摆与N-H面内变形振动峰之间存在同步正交叉峰,表明随着透明质酸组分的增加,胶原的链段构象发生了变化.当胶原/透明质酸共混体系中透明质酸含量由0增至50%时,1045cm-1归属于透明质酸的C-OH伸缩振动峰与1694 cm-1归属于胶原C=O对称伸缩振动峰存在同步负交叉峰,表明透明质酸的O-H与胶原分子的C=O之间形成了氢键;当透明质酸含量从50%增至90%时,1045 cm-1的同步峰几乎消失,而在φ(1694,1524),φ(1694,1241),φ(1524,1241)出现的正交叉峰反而增强,说明透明质酸的O-H不再与胶原形成氢键,而是透明质酸的C=O与胶原分子的N-H之间形成氢键,致使胶原构象发生了变化.     

PVP/HEC分子间缔合作用机理探讨

通过粘度、紫外光谱、红外光谱和DSC谱的测定 ,探讨了PVP/HEC分子间的缔合机理 .结果表明 ,PVP/HEC复合体系相对于单一体系产生了粘度的负协同效应 ,NaCl的加入使单一体系和复合体系的粘度均下降 ;在紫外可见吸收光谱中 ,PVP/HEC复合体系的最大吸收波长λmax相对于PVP、HEC各自的λmax都发生红移 ;PVP/HEC复合物的红外光谱在 2 370cm-1出现新的吸收峰 ;DSC谱中复合物的峰温高于简单混合物 ,而其焓变低于简单混合物 ,这一切均证明HEC与PVP之间未发生疏水缔合 ,而是HEC的羟基与PVP的羰基之间通过氢键缔合成复合物 ,复合物的分子链排列较为紧密 .     

2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸-铕配合物的合成、结构表征及荧光性能的研究

以硝酸铕、2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸(HL)、1,10-菲咯啉(Phen)和三苯基氧膦(TPPO)合成了EuL₃(H₂O)₆,EuL₃Phen(H₂O)₄和EuL₃(TPPO)(H₂O)₅三种固态配合物。用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对配合物进行了组分确定和结构表征。IR表明,2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸与Eu3+形成配合物后,位于1 692 cm-1处羧基的ν_CO峰消失,2 500～3 200 cm-1处羧基的ν_O—H峰也消失,出现了羧酸盐特有的反对称伸缩振动吸收峰(ν_as(CO-₂))和对称伸缩振动吸收峰(ν_s(CO-₂)),且Δν(ν_as(CO-₂)-ν_s(CO-₂))与钠盐的Δν相近,说明羧酸根与Eu3+以对称双齿桥式配位。在1H NMR中,形成配合物后第一配体苯环上的质子峰变为宽峰且移向高场,Phen和TPPO中质子化学位移移向低场。室温下测定了配合物的荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,激发光谱表明配合物EuL₃(H₂O)₆,EuL₃Phen(H₂O)₄和EuL₃(TPPO)(H₂O)₅的最佳激发波长分别为353.0,355.0和357.0 nm;发射光谱均显示Eu3+离子的特征发射光谱,且表明Phen对Eu3+离子的荧光发射有明显增强作用。     

X-ray diffraction studies of intercalation compounds prepared from aniline salts and montmorillonite by a mechanochemical processing

Inorganic-organic intercalation compounds comprised of montmorillonite (MMT) and aniline salts with different counter anions were prepared by a mechanochemical processing. The intercalation process and the formed structure of intercalation compounds were investigated via X-ray diffraction analysis. The amounts of intercalated species were very likely dependent on the types of counter anions and increased with decreasing the size of counter anions during the mechanochemical processing. Very interestingly, much larger interlayer expansions of 1.51 nm was observed for aniline hydrofluoride AnF- and aniline hydrochloride AnCl-MMT systems in higher intercalates loading levels, suggesting that neutral guest molecules also introduce within the interlayer regions together with anilinium cations by van der Waals interactions. Judging from the larger interlayer expansions and the size of guest molecules, intercalated species are expected to prefer a tri-molecular layer arrangement with their aromatic rings perpendicular to the silicate sheets. In contrast, for aniline hydrobromide AnBr-MMT, the interlayer expansion was ca. 0.52 nm, which reveals that only anilinium cations are introduced by ion exchange and they probably adopt a vertical orientation in the interlayers. It is inferred that aniline hydroiodide AnI-MMT compounds have a heterogeneous structure containing both anilinium and sodium cations in the interlayers. Different intercalation behaviors during the mechanochemical processing strongly suggest the smaller the size of counter anions, the more guest molecules can be intercalated into the confined clay interlayers in highly ordered arrangements.     

磷酸二氢钾插层改性高岭土复合物的制备与表征

实验制备了磷酸二氢钾插层改性高岭土用于新型复合阻燃材料。首先以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为前驱体,采用超声法制备了高岭土-二甲基亚砜(K-DMSO)插层物,再将醋酸钾(KAc)取代DMSO,制备预插层体高岭土-醋酸钾(K-KAc)。最后通过第三步插层取代法,将磷酸二氢钾(KDP)引入,制备了高岭土-磷酸二氢钾(K-KDP)插层复合物,产物的插层率达到81.3%。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对各步反应产物进行了表征。FTIR谱图显示,K-KDP在1 201 cm-1出现PO的振动峰;XRD显示各步插层反应中高岭土(001)晶面特征衍射峰依次向低角度方向移动,层间距相应从0.716 nm增加到1.59 nm;SEM显示插层后的高岭土粒子分散更为均匀。     

CuCl2-FeCl3-H2SO4石墨插层化合物的结构特征

"采用水热法在150 ℃合成出了CuCl2-FeCl3-H2SO4的石墨插层化合物．通过X射线衍射、EDX、高分辨透射电子显微术分析了该石墨插层化合物的结构和成分．分析表明,CuCl2-FeCl3-H2SO4已经成功地插入到石墨的片层之间．测量了从5 K到300 K的磁化率随温度变化曲线,发现在低温时,该石墨插层化合物存在两个反铁磁转变,转变温度分别为50和100 K．"     

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intercalated Kaolinites. Part I.

Abstract

The industrial application of kaolinite is closely related to its reactivity and surface properties. The reactivity of kaolinite can be tested by intercalation; that is, via the insertion of low-molecular-weight organic compounds between the kaolinite layers resulting in the formation of a nano-layered organo-complex. Although intercalation of kaolinite is an old and ongoing research topic, there is limited knowledge available on the reactivity of different kaolinites and the mechanism of complex formation, as well as on the structure of the complexes formed. Grafting and incorporation of exfoliated kaolinite in polymer matrices and other potential applications can open new horizons in the study of kaolinite intercalation. This article attempts to summarize (without completion) the most recent achievements in the study of kaolinite organo-complexes obtained with the most common intercalating compounds such as urea, potassium acetate, dimethyl sulphoxide, formamide, and hydrazine using vibrational spectroscopy combined with X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis.     

Intercalation of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride by lithium

Although graphite and hexagonal form of BN (h-BN) are isoelectronic and have very similar lattice structures, it has been very difficult to intercalate h-BN while there are hundreds of intercalation compounds of graphite. We have done a comparative first principles investigation of lithium intercalation of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride to provide clues for the difficulty of h-BN intercalation. In particular lattice structure, cohesive energy, formation enthalpy, charge transfer and electronic structure of both intercalation compounds are calculated in the density functional theory framework with local density approximation to the exchange-correlation energy. The calculated formation enthalpy of the considered forms of Li intercalated h-BN is found to be positive which rules out h-BN intercalation without externally supplied energy. Also, the Li(BN)₃ form of Li-intercalated h-BN is found to have a large electronic density of states at the Fermi level and an interlayer state that crosses Fermi level at the zone center; these properties make it an interesting material to investigate the role of interlayer states in the superconductivity of alkali intercalated layered structures. The most pronounced change in the charge distribution of the intercalated compounds is found to be charge transfer from the planar σ states to the π states.     

Synthesis and hyperfine interactions of the amine intercalates of FeOCl

Some amine derivatives were intercalated into the van der Waals gap of layered compound FeOCl. These compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The isomer shift and the quadrupole splitting are characteristic of the high-spin ferric iron. The magnetic structure of FeOCl was affected by intercalation of amine molecules in the interlayer region of FeOCl. The magnetic hyperfine field in the low temperature is larger in the intercalates than it is in unintercalated FeOCl. The sign of the EFG tensor at the iron atom is dependent of the type of amine intercalated.     

己酸乙酯分子的振动光谱研究

采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31G基函数组,并对重原子和轻原子使用离散函数和极化函数,　利用密度泛函理论（density functional theory, 简称DFT）计算了己酸乙酯的分子振动光谱,并以此为依据,首次对实验测得的己酸乙酯（Ethyl hexanoate）分子的正常拉曼光谱（NRS）和红外光谱(IR)进行了指认,对己酸乙酯分子的振动模式进行了归属。理论计算和实验数据的比较分析表明,理论计算结果的拉曼和红外各振动峰位与实验测量结果符合得较好。最后,分别把拉曼光谱和红外吸收谱中较强的峰位指认为己酸乙酯分子的拉曼特征峰和红外吸收的特征峰。己酸乙酯分子振动光谱的上述研究,可能在白酒调香,化工和生物等领域的检测方面具有广泛的应用,对进一步拓宽己酸乙酯分子的研究领域具有一定的参考价值。     

Intercalation compounds of fluorographite and graphite oxide with spin probes

Electron spin resonance technique was used to study the structure of intercalation compounds of fluorographite and graphite oxide containing stable nitroxyl radicals. Depending on the introduced score concentration the paramagnetic molecules in the interlayer space were found to exist as isolated ordered species or to form magnetoconcentrated phases. The angular distribution of isolated molecules of 4-phenyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl in the interlayer space of fluorographite and graphite oxide were determined. The capability of nitroxyl radicals to react with the C-F bonds of fluorographite at 298 K was found.     

狭缝中蒸发水分子的红外吸收光谱（英文）

本文研究了硅片狭缝内水分子蒸发过程中的红外光谱吸收特性。通过改变相对于硅片狭缝的红外光偏振方向(水平:偏振方向与硅片狭缝方向平行;垂直:偏振方向与硅片狭缝方向垂直),测量了水分子在3900~3600 cm-1(伸缩振动)和1800~1400 cm-1(弯曲振动)的偏振红外光吸收。结果表明,经硅片间隙蒸发出来的水分子,在3900~3600 cm-1(伸缩振动)和1800~1400 cm-1(弯曲振动)区间,对垂直偏振光吸收较强,对水平偏振光吸收较弱,表明毛细效应导致蒸发的水分子偶极矩方向倾向于硅片狭缝的法线方向。