超声辅助假丝酵母脂肪酶水解煎炸废油的工艺研究

以市售假丝酵母脂肪酶为催化剂,研究了超声辅助条件下对煎炸废油的水解.在单因素试验的基础上,选取油水质量比、酶用量、超声功率、超声时间为试验因子,酶解率为响应值,采用Box-Benhnken试验设计对煎炸废油的水解工艺进行优化,建立数学回归模型.结果表明:煎炸废油的最佳水解工艺为油水质量比1∶1.1、酶用量为煎炸废油质量...     

餐厨废油脂一步合成钙皂

开发了一种利用餐厨废油脂和氧化钙,在双氧水的催化作用下直接合成金属钙皂的环境友好方法。采用单因素试验优化了皂化温度、皂化时间、物料比、油水比和催化剂用量。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,即皂化温度90～95℃、皂化时间4. 0～6. 0 h、催化剂(H_2O_2)用量10 m L(50 g餐厨废油脂)、物料比(餐厨废油脂与氧化钙质量比) 50∶7、油水比(质量比) 1∶4. 5时,皂化率达到95%以上。产品为干燥粒状固体,钙含量为7. 31%,游离酸含量为0. 12%,熔点为131～138℃。     

脂肪酶水解地沟油制备脂肪酸的研究

利用Lipozyme TL 100L脂肪酶水解地沟油制备脂肪酸。通过单因素试验考察了影响地沟油水解率的因素,利用正交试验设计对该脂肪酶水解地沟油的工艺进行优化,得到了Lipozyme TL 100 L水解地沟油的最优工艺:酶用量0.1 mL、pH 7.5、温度58℃、油水质量比1∶2.8、摇床速度130 r/min、水解时间9.5 h。在最佳条件下,地沟油的水解率为71.91%。     

脂肪酶催化亚麻油水解工艺

为了最大限度提高脂肪酶催化亚麻油的水解率,研究影响亚麻油水解率的pH值、反应时间、乳化剂用量、加酶量、油水比等因素。通过分析试验数据,利用数学软件Matlab进行拟合,建立预测模型,再进行实验验证,发现在温度33℃、pH5.9、时间29h、脂肪酶用量13600U/g、油:水1:2(V/V)的工艺条件下,水解率可以达到62.6%,为后续的尿素包合纯化打下良好的基础。     

脂肪酶强化水解餐厨油脂促进厌氧消化

采用批次实验研究了脂肪酶预处理对餐厨油脂水解及其对厌氧消化性能的影响。首先考察了酶用量、水油比、pH和温度等因素对餐厨油脂水解的影响,进而通过响应面分析确定了其最佳预处理条件;最后基于预处理条件下的餐厨废水(含油脂)的厌氧消化实验,分析了预处理对餐厨废水厌氧消化的重要影响。结果表明:餐厨油脂的最佳预处理条件为:酶用量质量分数1.15%、水油质量比0.9、pH 8.0、温度42.5℃,水解率预测值为86.6%,重复实验水解率为(88.1±2.2)%,与预测值较为接近,表明该响应面模型能够很好地预测上述4个反应条件对水解的影响。对实际餐厨废水进行脂肪酶预处理和厌氧消化研究发现,加酶组的累积甲烷产量为572.12mL/g·COD,较餐厨废水组(368.86 mL/g·COD)和含油废水组(499.47 mL/g·COD)分别提高了55.10%和14.56%,表明餐厨废水中的脂肪具有较大的产甲烷潜力,脂肪酶预处理能显著提高油脂的产甲烷效率。对不同预处理条件下厌氧反应过程的pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)及脱氢酶活性进行了对比分析,发现酶促预处理对系统pH的影响较小;其对VFAs及脱氢酶活性的影响主要体现在厌氧消化前期,表现为对VFA及脱氢酶活性的显著提高,说明预水解能够保证产甲烷过程的底物供给并提高产甲烷效率。     

重组白地霉脂肪酶催化菜籽油水解制备α-亚麻酸工艺的研究

利用毕赤酵母GS115表达白地霉的脂肪酶基因,以离子交换法纯化的重组脂肪酶催化菜籽油水解,确定了最佳水解条件为温度42℃,水油比为1.5∶1,p H 8.0,酶用量为250 U/g,反应18 h水解率可达到40.1%。以水解得到的混合脂肪酸为原料,建立一种尿素包合法富集α-亚麻酸的工艺。通过单因素试验对影响尿素包合富集效果的包合温度、时间、溶剂配比进行研究,由正交试验得到包合过程的最佳工艺条件为m(脂肪酸)∶m(尿素)∶V(乙醇)为1∶4∶20,包合温度-20℃、包合时间14 h,此条件可使其中α-亚麻酸的含量由8.03%提高至19.24%。     

超声波辅助脂肪酶水解茶叶籽油条件的优化与动力学研究

研究无溶剂体系中超声波辅助脂肪酶水解茶叶籽油,通过单因素试验和正交试验获得最佳酶解条件为:油水比2∶3(g∶m L),加酶量为茶叶籽油质量的4.5%,缓冲液初始p H 8.5,超声波处理温度50℃,搅拌转速300 r/min,反应时间19.5 h。在此条件下,茶籽油的水解率达到72.25%。对其进行了表观动力学研究,测得超声波辅助脂肪酶水解茶叶籽油的米氏常数Km为0.053 m L/g,表观活化能Ea为14.05 k J/mol,比无超声波辅助酶解的Km=4.556 m L/g和Ea=30.73 k J/mol均降低,说明超声波能促进茶叶籽油的酶解。     

胰酶酶解猪骨素的工艺条件

利用胰酶酶解猪骨素并测定其酶解液的水解度.通过单因素试验确定胰酶水解猪骨素的酶解温度、pH值、酶用量、料液比(底物浓度)及水解时间,在此基础上用正交试验分析酶解的最佳工艺,在本试验条件下,酶解的最佳工艺为在温度45℃,pH7.5,酶用量8750U/g以及料液比1:12.5g/mL条件下酶解3h,此条件下水解度可以达到25.88%.     

响应面法优化合浦珠母贝肉水解工艺

采用响应曲面法对合浦珠母贝肉的酶解工艺进行优化。以水解度为评价指标,分别考察加酶量、液料比、酶解时间和酶解温度对水解效果的影响。结果表明,贝肉最佳水解条件为加酶量5 680 U/g、液料比2.8∶1(m L∶g)、酶解时间6.5 h、酶解温度55℃,在此条件下水解度为(44.27±1.23)%,与预测值基本吻合。该工艺简单方便,水解效果好,可用于指导生产实践。     

响应面法优化脂肪酶水解红花籽油工艺

以红花籽油为原料,采用不同脂肪酶水解以提高多不饱和脂肪酸水解率。研究酶添加量、酶解温度、pH、超声时间对水解率的影响,通过响应面实验结果表明:米曲霉脂肪酶酶加量300 U/g、温度39℃、pH7.0、酶解10 h为最佳工艺条件,此时酶解红花籽油的水解率最高,达到89.37%±0.19%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.