饲用全脂大豆粉的加工与效益

本文阐述了全脂大豆粉的湿法加工工艺、全脂大粉营养价值、在配合饲料添加全脂大豆粉的营养效果和经济效益。     

全脂米糠膨化

以游离脂肪酸及过氧化值为指标，试验探索了不同膨化工艺条件对米糠保鲜的影响，结果表明，用Φ８×２平模对水分１１％～１２％，乙氧喹添加量为１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的全脂米糠在温度１２０～１３０℃，螺杆转速９０ｒ／ｍｉｎ的条件上膨化，可使米糠在经过１２ｄ的烘箱贮藏后游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）含量在２２０ｍｇＫＯＨ／１００ｇ米糠，过氧化值（ＰＯＶ）在６．５７ｇＩ２／１００ｇ米糠的安全水平。     

酶解大豆粉蛋白条件优化研究

从底物浓度、pH值、酶解温度、加酶量、酶解促进剂和酶解时间等方面研究了碱性蛋白酶Alcalase和木瓜蛋白酶复合对全脂大豆粉酶解的影响,并运用单因素和正交试验设计优化酶解条件.结果表明,底物体积分数4.5%、pH值8.5、温度60℃、复合酶加酶量(碱性蛋白酶Alcalabe与木瓜蛋白酶活力之比为2∶1)2 640 U/...     

在线近红外光谱仪在膨化大豆粉质量控制中的应用

为了指导生产,实现膨化大豆粉生产线在线检测水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量,在膨化大豆粉生产线安装近红外光谱仪,并将在线检测数据与国标方法(人工取样)检测数据进行了对比。结果表明：在线近红外光谱仪测定膨化大豆粉样品的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量结果与国标方法接近,符合国标允许误差要求;配套的全自动镜头吹扫系统可有效去除黏附在采集窗口上的膨化大豆粉,保证了检测结果的准确性。实践证明,将在线近红外光谱仪应用于膨化大豆粉生产上,完全能满足膨化大豆粉加工行业在线实时监控的需求。     

膨化大豆粉的生产加工技术及在饲料中的应用

为给膨化大豆粉相关产品的开发和应用提供参考，根据生产实践经验，总结了在无抗大环境下膨化大豆粉的生产加工技术、关键设备和关键指标控制，并对膨化大豆粉在仔猪、奶牛、水产和家禽饲料中的应用研究情况进行了综述。原料大豆经除杂、破碎、粉碎、调质、膨化、冷却、干燥、破碎等工艺生产膨化大豆粉，膨化大豆粉生产关键设备包括原料破碎机、锤片式粉碎机、调质器、膨化机、翻板冷却器、成品破碎机等。膨化大豆粉关键指标为抗营养因子（脲酶活性0.01～0.03 U/g）、氢氧化钾蛋白质溶解度（75%~80%）、脂肪（17%～20%）、粗蛋白质（35%～39%）、水分（≤12%）、颗粒度（0.85 mm筛网过筛率≥90%）等，可通过调节工艺参数和加工工艺等方式，控制关键指标。膨化大豆粉可用于仔猪、奶牛、水产、家禽的饲料中，具有促进消化吸收、提高生产性能等优点。综上，膨化大豆粉生产工艺简单，同时对提高养殖经济效益具有十分重要的意义。     

全脂大豆粉对面包营养品质的影响

采用４％、８％和１２％的全脂大豆粉取代小麦粉，对面包生产和营养品质进行分析研究。结果表明，添加全脂大豆粉的面包蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质元素和必需氨基酸含量明显增加，营养增补效果明显，面包营养品质得到显著改善。     

饲用全脂大豆调质工艺技术的研究

挤压膨化技术作为国内外发展速度最快的饲料加工新技术,已成为全脂大豆饲料工业生产技术的大趋势。调质作为全脂大豆挤压膨化的前处理手段,直接影响全脂大豆饲料挤压膨化的效果。简单介绍了挤压膨化技术在饲料工业上的应用;重点阐述了全脂大豆调质的概念、机理、调质的作用、影响调质的主要因素以及调质的加工设备;分析了调质技术的应用前景及趋势;指出了调质用于挤压膨化具有广阔的发展前景。     

干法生产绿色大豆粉及豆奶粉的研究

简要介绍了干法生产绿色速溶豆粉、豆奶粉的工艺和方法，较好地解决了大豆制品有害生物活性物质及热变性和脱腥、溶解度等难题以及除渣工艺造成的损失，具有广阔的应用前景。     

自动脂肪测定仪在大豆脂肪测定中的应用

取不同品种的大豆样品,经粉碎后分别用自动脂肪测定仪(FAFA)及索氏脂肪抽提器对照测定其脂肪含量。结果表明,大豆样品经Perten3100实验磨粉碎,用FAFA进行脂肪含量测定,浸泡时间30min,抽提时间60min,取得了与国标方法相同的结果,而且缩短了工作时间,提高了工作效率。     

挤压膨化小扁豆粉对面团特性及面条品质的影响

将质量分数0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和100%的挤压膨化小扁豆粉添加到小麦粉中,研究了挤压膨化小扁豆粉对面团特性及面条品质的影响。结果表明,随着挤压膨化小扁豆粉添加量的增大,混合粉中蛋白质和灰分含量增大,水分和脂肪含量减小。混合粉面团形成时间和稳定时间显著减小,弱化度增大。当挤压膨化小扁豆粉添加量超过10%后,淀粉的糊化热稳定性和蒸煮稳定性均变差,淀粉酶解速率增大。挤压膨化小扁豆粉添加量10%～15%组面团黏弹性与对照面团最为接近,且在该范围添加量下,面条硬度和咀嚼性大小适宜,弹性良好。添加量0%～15%时挤压膨化扁豆粉的添加不影响面条的断条率和蒸煮损失率,综合考虑,推荐面条中挤压膨化小扁豆粉的添加量为10%。     

响应面法优化膨化花生粉抗氧化性的研究

为了提高膨化花生粉的抗氧化性,通过单因素试验,确定了提高膨化花生粉抗氧化性最为有效的抗氧化剂种类,利用OXITEST油脂氧化仪以抗氧化时间为响应值,采用响应面分析法优化抗氧化剂的配比。结果表明:TBHQ与PG的组合可显著增强膨化花生粉的抗氧化性,加入增效剂柠檬酸后,其效果更为明显;当TBHQ添加量为0.013%(以样品所含油脂计,下同),PG添加量为0.001%,柠檬酸添加量为0.007%时,膨化花生粉抗氧化性最好,抗氧化时间为44.79 h。     

酶法提高豆粉速溶性技术的研究

采用湿法工艺生产豆粉,通过85℃热烫并保温4min、豆水比为1:7的85℃0.3%NaHCO3热水溶液磨浆并经95℃煮浆20min,去除大豆中的脂肪氧化酶和豆腥味,同时脲酶呈阴性。采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解,经上述条件处理豆浆,进行单因素实验并通过响应面优化,得出酶解的最佳工艺条件为pH7、加酶量8765U/gpro、酶解温度54℃、酶解时间1.8h,氮溶解指数(NSI值)为85.83%。      

微胶囊化大豆粉末油脂包埋技术的研究

通过对单一包埋剂和复合包埋剂分别对大豆粉末油脂包埋效果的研究,优选出包埋效果好的包埋剂并通过包埋剂的复配提高了包埋效果,最后通过正交实验确定大豆粉末油脂的最优配方为:大豆一级油50%,酪蛋白酸钠2.5%,变性淀粉2.5%,乳化剂2.0%(单甘酯0.6%、糖酯1.4%)、麦芽糊精42.5%,加水配制物料浓度为40%,在该配方和工艺条件生产的大豆粉末油脂包埋率达到92%。      

大豆粉末磷脂制备方法研究现状

该文综述大豆粉末磷脂制备方法研究现状,重点介绍溶剂萃取法、超临界萃取法和膜分离法制备粉末磷脂现状,比较各种方法优缺点,指出膜超滤技术是一种安全、高效、便于工业化应用方法,是一种制备粉末磷脂重要方向性技术。     

Production effects of feeding extruded soybean meal to early-lactation dairy cows

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate productive and reproductive effects of replacing solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM) with extruded soybean meal (ESBM) in a total mixed ration for early-lactation dairy cows. Thirty-four Holstein cows (12 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with 17 cows per treatment. Feeding was ad libitum for 5 to 10% refusals. A fresh-cow diet was fed the first 21 d in milk followed by a lactation diet from 22 to 60 d in milk. Milk and dry matter intake data were collected throughout the experiment, and samples were collected for blood chemistry and amino acid profile, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and enteric methane emission using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and feed efficiency were not different between SSBM and ESBM. Energy-corrected milk yield and efficiency were also not different between diets. Diet had no effect on milk composition, except that milk true protein yield was decreased by ESBM. Enteric methane emission, yield, and intensity were not different between SSBM and ESBM. Because of its greater fat content, ESBM triggered expected changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile: decreased sum of C16, saturated, and odd- and branched-chain FA and increased sum of preformed FA, polyunsaturated, and trans FA. The ESBM diet increased or tended to increase some essential amino acids in plasma. In this study, ESBM did not affect dry matter intake and did not improve lactational performance or onset of ovarian function in early-lactation dairy cows, and it decreased milk protein yield, possibly due to greater unsaturated FA intake compared with SSBM.     

Production effects of extruded soybean meal replacing canola meal in the diet of lactating dairy cows

This study investigated the effects of extruded soybean meal (ESBM) in comparison with canola meal (CM) fed on an equivalent crude protein (CP) basis on lactational performance and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 48 Holstein cows averaging (±SD): 146 ± 46 d in milk (DIM) and 43 ± 7 kg/d milk yield (MY) were assigned 1 of 2 treatment diets in a randomized complete block design experiment, which included a 2-wk period for dietary treatment adaptation before experimental data were collected. Following the adaptation period, samples and experimental data were collected for a total of 7 wk. Cows were blocked based on parity, DIM, and MY. Treatment diets contained 15.8% CM (containing 41.2% CP) or 13.2% ESBM (with 48.7% CP) of total mixed ration dry matter (DM), with similar inclusion of other feed ingredients. The CM diet was supplemented with canola oil, whereas the ESBM diet was supplemented with soybean hulls to achieve similar ether extract and neutral detergent fiber contents between the diets. Urea and rumen-protected Met and Lys were added to both diets to meet or exceed cow recommendations. Whole-ruminal digesta samples were collected from 10 (5 per treatment) ruminally cannulated cows. Eight cannulated cows were removed during the last week of the experiment to participate in another study. Treatment did not affect DM intake and MY or energy-corrected MY of the cows. Energy-corrected MY, apart from experimental wk 5, was similar between treatments. Apart from experimental wk 3 and 7, milk fat concentration and yield were greater for cows fed ESBM compared with CM. In multiparous cows only, milk true protein yield was greater for cows fed CM compared with ESBM. Ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the molar proportion of acetate were greater for ESBM, and propionate and valerate were greater in cows fed CM. Acetate to propionate ratio was greater for cows fed ESBM versus CM diet. Compared with the CM diet, the ESBM diet increased plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, and Phe but not the sum of essential AA. Apparent total-tract digestibility of acid detergent fiber was greater in cows fed ESBM relative to CM. In this experiment, CM and ESBM included on an equal CP basis in the diet of dairy cows, resulted in similar DM intake, MY, and feed efficiency.