模糊控制理论在舰船制冷装置中的应用研究

以蒸发器和冷库作为被控对象，利用计算机进行了制冷系统模糊控制的研究．针对蒸发器过热度和库温控制问题设计了模糊控制器．在理论研究的同时，建立了制冷装置计算机控制和数据采集系统．在Visual Basic环境下开发了蒸发器过热度模糊控制程序．对比实验运行表明：利用模糊控制器和电子膨胀阀对蒸发器过热度和库温进行控制较之用热力膨胀阀控制，制冷剂流量调节范围大、过热度小、蒸发器面积利用率高、装置节能效果好．     

电子膨胀阀与热力膨胀阀在低温装置中的比较研究

利用已有的多功能低温实验台,研究电子膨胀阀和热力膨胀阀在低温下的一些特性,对热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀在控温范围、过热度控制及控制精度等方面进行对比研究。     

制冷系统变容量智能控制的理论及实验研究

为了提高变容量调节制冷系统过热度的控制精度,建立简单易行的过热度控制方法,在考虑各种影响因素的前提下,提出了基于传统PID控制策略的过热度智能控制策略。并以某恒温恒湿冷库为研究对象,验证了所提过热度控制策略的实际控制效果,并与热力膨胀阀的控制效果进行对比分析。实验结果表明:智能控制策略较传统PID控制策略动态响应快,超调量小,振荡时间短;压缩机频率变化作为干扰量提前输入,有利于过热度的稳定;采用智能控制策略对过热度的控制效果明显优于热力膨胀阀,冷库降温时间缩短37.14%。     

不同类型膨胀阀对热泵热水器性能影响的研究

目前热泵热水器大多采用热力膨胀阀作为系统的节流元件,但是其仅能控制过热度,而无法根据其他热力参数对系统进行更加优化的控制.首先建立了热泵热水器稳态数学模型,搭建了实验装置,并将模拟结果与实验进行了对比,验证了模型的精确性.然后,对系统中采用热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀等两种情况进行了模拟分析,结果显示,采用电子膨胀阀后可有效...     

电子膨胀阀的优势和发展趋势

从制冷系统节流机构的流量调节稳定性、过热度控制原理、系统节能、瞬态反应特性、部分负荷调节特性方面,比较分析了几种节流机构应用于制冷装置中的特点。提出了电子膨胀阀在容量调节和过热度稳定控制方面的优点,并对电子膨胀阀的发展趋势和在各方面的应用进行了分析。     

电子膨胀阀的应用研究

本文主要介绍了电子膨胀阀的工作原理及工作形式;通过与热力膨胀阀对照分析,电子膨胀阀具有过热度控制精度高、适用温度低、调节范围大、灵敏、迅速等特点,已在各制冷领域获得广泛的应用。     

热力膨胀阀与电子膨胀阀对分液性能影响的比较

本文通过比较蒸发器各回路之间的温差，对分液器在热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀控制下的分液性能做了实验研究。结果表明在电子膨胀阀控制下分液器的工作性能更好，而且还可以保持较小的蒸发器传热温差。     

北美屋顶机设计运行工况下热力膨胀阀选型探讨

热力膨胀阀只能在一个较窄的工况和负荷范围下实现调节过热度的功能。现有一批在北美销售的屋顶机,设计运行工况范围较宽,在室外温度为-17．7℃-51．7℃下,机组都要求能运行。仿真结果表明,对这种运行工况的屋顶机组,用传统方法选出的热力膨胀阀未能在较多工况点充分发挥其控制过热度的作用。在考虑热力膨胀阀的振荡现象的基础上,对选型方法进行改进,并通过实验验证,证明在基于最小负荷比大于30％方法选出的热力膨胀阀能够在较多工况点控制空调机组的过热度,且避免了振荡现象的发生。     

补气增焓系统中补气量控制方式的应用分析

补气增焓系统在低温热泵领域得到越来越广泛的应用,在补气增焓技术的实际应用中,如何控制补气量是系统高效运行的关键。本文结合市场上产品应用现状,对使用电子膨胀阀同时控制排气温度和补气过热度、热力膨胀阀控制排气过热度及电磁阀控制排气温度这3种常用的补气量控制方式的优缺点及使用成本进行对比分析,并进一步通过试验定量地研究其应用效果。结果表明:以补气过热度为控制目标的系统制冷能力最高,高于其他方式10%以上。     

制冷装置节能控制与电子膨胀阀应用研究（一）：现状与分析

本文从电子膨胀阀应用的研究现状出发，从算法、方案的角度分析了设计电子膨胀阀控制过热度时存在一些问题，最后着重讲述了模糊控制在制冷装置节能控制中的应用     

电子膨胀阀在低温装置上降温特性的试验研究

为了研究电子膨胀阀在低温条件下的应用特性，研制了低温试验台，并在试验台上并联安装了电子膨胀阀和热力膨胀阀，对两种膨胀阀在相近工况下进行降温特性的对比性试验。根据实验结果进行分析研究，可以看出电子膨胀阀在低温条件下的控温曲线是非常平稳的，并可调节电子膨胀阀的不同开度，达到不同的降温速率及终温。另外通过改变电子膨胀阀开度，研究了在变开度情况下，对制冷系统循环参数的影响。     

膨胀阀对陈列柜内温度分布影响的对比实验研究

对热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀控制下陈列柜内的温度分布做了实验研究。结果表明，在热力膨胀阀控制下，陈列柜内的温度分布情况与电子膨胀阀相差不大。在目前的实际应用中，热力膨胀阀基本能满足一般客户对陈列柜的使用要求，没有必要大规模进行电子膨胀阀的替代。     

Experimental comparison of electronic and thermostatic expansion valves performances in an air conditioning plant

Adopting electronic expansion valves in air conditioners enables an appreciable energy saving with respect to the same installations equipped with traditional thermostatic expansion valves. This is due to the fact that electronic valves allow a lower condensation pressure in systems equipped with air cooled condensers, which is adjusted to variations in outside air temperature. Furthermore, PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) control over the superheating leads to the best use of evaporator under every condition (lower superheating level of the vapour refrigerant), thus increasing the refrigerating capacity.This paper reports on the results of a set of measurements that were carried out from March to November 2006 on the operation of eight direct expansion air conditioners having a total cooling capacity of 120 kW installed at a telephone control room near Bologna (North Italy). Air conditioners are equipped with both thermostatic and electronic expansion valves, alternatively activated by solenoid valves on a daily basis, in order to compare the two systems in the same environment and at similar load conditions. The annual analysis is supplemented by a transient simulation program to simulate the behaviour of the system in the two different operating modes in different European climates, in order to evaluate the energetic and economic advantages of electronic valve.     

Investigation of the effects of thermostatic and electronic expansion valves on the steady-state and transient performance of commercial chillers

This paper investigates the steady-state performance and transient response of a commercial fixed-speed on-off controlled chiller and presents comparative performance results obtained during operation with a thermostatic and with an electronic expansion valve. The aim was to establish the effect of the two valves on the transient and steady-state performance of the chiller and to quantify the effects of on-off cycling losses during part-load operation. The results indicate that the chiller has a very fast response during start-up and that cycling losses are very low. The thermostatic expansion valve gives a slightly faster response than the electronic expansion valve with the penalty, however, of less stable operation with larger superheat oscillations at steady-state conditions.     

A simulation environment for dry-expansion evaporators with application to the design of autotuning control algorithms for electronic expansion valves

In this paper some results of a research project aimed at deriving high-performance, adaptive control algorithms for electronic expansion valves (EEVs) to be used in finned-coiled, dry-expansion evaporators for refrigeration systems are reported. With the aim of developing a software environment that can be used for controller design, rapid prototyping, optimization of data collection and test design, virtual prototyping approach to design was adopted. The development of a distributed dynamic simulation model of the evaporator coupled with an electronic expansion valve, and its use for deriving autotuning PID control algorithms is described. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this kind of approach.     

Comportement dynamique de détendeurs thermostatiques de machines frigorifiquesBehaviour of a thermostatic expansion valve in non-steady state for a refrigerating machine

A good adaptation of refrigerating machine components operating with a variable-speed compressor requires knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of each component, more particularly of the expansion valve. The behaviour of various thermostatic expansion valves (ballast charge, adsorbent charge and maximum operating pressure or MOP charge) has been studied for compressor speed variations (between 20% and 200%) of a refrigerating machine, with R22 as refrigerant, and a cooling capacity of 6kW. This study has shown the disadvantages of these expansion valves, during dynamic operation, without modification of the static superheat. The decrease of the evaporating pressure, consecutive to a step or a ramp of the compressor speed, can lead to the suction of a two-phase fluid in the compressor. This phenomenon takes place particularly either for the low evaporating temperatures or for great variations of the compressor speed, more than 50%. The stable operating limits of different thermostatic expansion valves have been determined as a function of the evaporation temperature and the rotational speed of the compressor during the non-steady state.     

Comportement dynamique de détendeurs thermostatiques de machines frigorifiques

A good adaptation of refrigerating machine components operating with a variable-speed compressor requires knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of each component, more particularly of the expansion valve. The behaviour of various thermostatic expansion valves (ballast charge, adsorbent charge and maximum operating pressure or MOP charge) has been studied for compressor speed variations (between 20% and 200%) of a refrigerating machine, with R22 as refrigerant, and a cooling capacity of 6kW. This study has shown the disadvantages of these expansion valves, during dynamic operation, without modification of the static superheat. The decrease of the evaporating pressure, consecutive to a step or a ramp of the compressor speed, can lead to the suction of a two-phase fluid in the compressor. This phenomenon takes place particularly either for the low evaporating temperatures or for great variations of the compressor speed, more than 50%. The stable operating limits of different thermostatic expansion valves have been determined as a function of the evaporation temperature and the rotational speed of the compressor during the non-steady state.