盐对纤维素类修饰的吸附树脂吸附溶液中邻氨基苯甲酸的影响

通过Friedel-Crafts交联反应分别制备了乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(分别命名为ECMR和HPMCMR),通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和比表面及孔径分析对其结构进行表征。研究了无机盐(NaCl和Na2SO4)对ECMR和HPMCMR吸附树脂吸附水溶液中邻氨基苯甲酸时的影响规律,探讨了不同盐浓度、不同邻氨基苯甲酸起始浓度以及不同温度时的变化趋势,分析了低浓度盐对ECMR和HPMCMR吸附水溶液中邻氨基苯甲酸时的吸附等温线及其吸附热力学结果,并给出了合理的解释。     

用MnO_2离子筛吸附剂从溶液中提取锂(英文)

研究了MnO2离子筛的制备、表征及其提锂性能。通过控制低温水热合成反应条件制备了4种不同晶相的一维纳米MnO2,进一步用浸渍法制备了Li-Mn-O三元氧化物前驱体,并经酸处理后得到对Li+具有特殊选择性的离子筛。用XRD、吸附等温线、吸附动力学及pH滴定等手段对产物的晶相结构和Li+吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,SMO-b和SMO-d离子筛的Li+平衡吸附量符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。反应物浓度对MnO2不同晶面的生长速率有不同的影响,但(NH4)2SO4对吸附容量并无提高。吸附速率方程符合一级动力学Lagergren方程。MnO2离子筛Li+的吸附量远远高于Na+。     

P204-TBP浸渍树脂对硫酸介质中Sc3+的吸附行为研究及其应用

通过溶剂挥发法制备了含双萃取剂(TBP-P204)的浸渍树脂，利用静态法、动态法研究其在硫酸介质中对钪的吸附行为，测得静态吸附容量21．75mg／g，绘制了吸附等温线．应用于钛白废酸，用H2O2 H2SO4洗涤铁、钛，4％HCl洗脱钪，可实现钪和铁、钛的完全分离,钪的回收率96．2％。     

甲苯在3种不同孔结构吸附树脂上吸附平衡及动力学研究

吸附法被广泛应用于挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放控制研究。本文选用甲苯气体作为VOCs的代表,采用热重分析仪测量了在303K、313K和323K下,甲苯在3种不同孔结构吸附树脂(以微孔为主的两种超高交联树脂和1种以中孔为主的大孔树脂)上的吸附等温线及吸附动力学曲线。用Dubinin—Radushkevich(D-R)方程和Freundlich方程对吸附等温线进行拟合,超高交联吸附树脂Hyper-1和Hyper-2在两个方程上的拟合效果均很好,而大孔吸附树脂Macro更适合用Freundlich方程拟合。采用线性推动力模型(LDF)对吸附动力学数据进行拟合可求得吸附速率常数k。Macro的k值明显高于Hyper-1和Hyper-2,且Macro的k值在高分压下变化不大。相比于Hyper-1和Hyper-2,Macro的k值受温度影响更大。     

大孔交联聚(N-甲基丙烯酰胺)树脂对水溶液中单宁的吸附机理及热力学研究北大核心CSCD

以大孔交联聚丙烯酰胺树脂(PAM)为载体,合成了大孔交联聚(N-甲基丙烯酰胺)树脂(PNMAM),测定了树脂对水溶液中单宁的吸附等温线,研究了吸附机理及吸附热力学。     

大孔交联聚(N-甲基丙烯酰胺)树脂对水溶液中单宁的吸附机理及热力学研究

以大孔交联聚丙烯酰胺树脂(PAM)为载体,合成了大孔交联聚(N-甲基丙烯酰胺)树脂(PNMAM),测定了树脂对水溶液中单宁的吸附等温线,研究了吸附机理及吸附热力学。     

新型吸附树脂对苯乙酸的吸附热力学研究

研究了苯乙酸在新型超高交联树脂AH、NDa-150和大孔吸附树脂(Amberlite XAD-4)上的平衡吸附数据，测定了288K、303K和318K温度下的吸附等温线，结果表明吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程。苯乙酸在AH、NDa-150上的吸附容量分别比在Amberlite XAD-4上的吸附容量最高高出90％、113％，这主要归因于AH、NDa-150表面的极性基团及树脂的微孔结构．Langmuir吸附等温线、相对吸附容量以及等量吸附焓变表明，苯乙酸在AH树脂上的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果．对苯乙酸被3种树脂吸附的吸附焓变、自由能变、吸附熵变也作了计算，并对吸附行为作了合理的解释。     

中孔分子筛Al/SO42-/Al-MCM-41的合成、表征及催化性能

分别用H2SO4和Al2(SO4)3对中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41进行改性,得到了中孔分子筛SO42-/Al-MCM-41和Al/SO24-/Al-MCM-41。采用X射线多晶衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等测试技术对样品的结构和表面酸性进行了表征。分别用Al-MCM-41、SO24-/Al-MCM-41和Al/SO24-/Al-MCM-41催化合成丙酸香叶酯,比较了三者的催化性能。结果表明,用Al2(SO4)3改性中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41,能得到仍保持着六方介孔结构的中孔分子筛Al/SO24-/Al-MCM-41,其酸性和催化性能比用H2SO4改性得到的SO24-/Al-MCM-41更强;用Al2(SO4)3改性不仅SO24-附着在了分子筛骨架上,而且Al也接枝在了分子筛骨架上。     

Sn/Al2O3催化剂结构与选择性催化还原NO性能

以不同沉淀剂和铝盐与SnCl4共沉淀制备了Sn/Al2O3催化剂.考察了催化剂在富氧条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO的性能,借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法研究了催化剂性能与结构的关系.发现以NH3.H2O和NH4HCO3为沉淀剂、NH4Al(SO4)2为铝盐制备的Sn/Al2O3催化剂催化活性最高,NO转化率达90.9%,最佳催化活性温度为350℃.该催化剂的比表面积为254 m2/g,孔体积为0.878 cm3/g,孔径分布曲线在3~8 nm出现双峰,Sn物种主要以晶态SnO2存在,且表面Lewis酸酸量增加.     

乙酰苯胺修饰的吸附树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附研究

通过Friedel-Crafts后交联及化学修饰反应,合成了乙酰苯胺基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂ZH-05,通过红外光谱(IR)和比表面及孔径分析(BET)对其结构进行表征.以Amberlite XAD-4树脂作为参照,通过等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验探讨了ZH-05树脂对水溶液中苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附性能和机理.结果表明,与XAD-4树脂相比,ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚均具有更佳的吸附性能.Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好拟合ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附等温线.ZH-05树脂对苯酚和对氯苯酚的吸附以焓推动的自发物理吸附过程为主,吸附过程放热;吸附符合准一级动力学吸附方程,颗粒内扩散是吸附过程的主要控制步骤.     

SYNTHESES AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE-TYPE CHELATING RESINS BEARING THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF TARTARIC ACID

Several kinds of novel chelating resins bearing the functional group of tartaric acid (TTA-FQ-12, TTA-FQ-23, and TTA-FQ-34) were synthesized by reacting epoxy maleic anhydride, which was prepared through the oxidization reaction of maleic anhydride by hydrogen peroxide, with phenol-formaldehyde resin containing polyamine (FQ resins series). The effects of such factors as reaction time, reaction temperature and pH value on the loading capacity of TTA in resins were investigated. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions are as follows: time 9-12h; temperature 90-105℃;pH value 6-10. The loading capacities of TTA can reach 0.15, 0.14, and 0.11 mmol/g^-1 when the functional group of FQ resin was -OCH2CH2NHC2H4NH2, -O(CH2CH2NH)2C2H4NH2 and -O(CH2CH2NH)3C2H4NH2), respectively. The structures of resins were characterized by FTIR spectra. The primary study on the adsorption properties of the resins for metal ions showed that there are two kinds of adsorption mechanisms i.e. ion exchange and chelate in the adsorption process. TTA-FQ resins have much higher adsorption selectivity for Pb^2 and Zn^2 than for Cu^2 and Ni^2 . These resins can probably be used for separating Pb^2 or Zn^2 in the mixture of metal ions or for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions.     

Fast removal and recovery of Cr(VI) using surface-modified jacobsite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles

In this work, the effectiveness of surface-modified jacobsite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles was investigated for the removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater. Ten nanometer modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were produced to be a new adsorbent using a co-precipitation method followed by a surface redox reaction. The equilibrium time for Cr(VI) adsorption onto modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles was as short as 5 min, and the adsorption data fit the Langmuir model well. The maximum uptake of 31.5 mg of Cr(VI)/g of modified MnFe2O4 was obtained at pH 2, which was comparable with other common adsorbents such as activated carbon and sawdust. The effects of ligands (EDTA, SO4(2-), NH4+) and ionic strength were studied in a pH range of 2-10. EDTA and SO4(2-) inhibited the adsorption of Cr(VI) over the entire pH range studied, whereas NH4+ enhanced the uptake of Cr(VI) at pH greater than 6.5. The mechanisms leading to Cr(VI) adsorption by modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be a combination of electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Regeneration studies indicated the potential reuse of the modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles without sacrificing adsorption capacity and the possible recycling of Cr(VI) without changing the valence.     

PREPARATION AND ADSORPTION OF THIOUREA MODIFIED GLUTARALDEHYDE-CROSSLINKED CHITOSAN RESINS

The preparation and adsorption of thiourea modified glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan resin (Thio-chitosan) using cyanuric chloride as activator was studied. The adsorptive capacity of thio-chitosan with 15% apparent degree of crosslinking (DC, mass ration of glutaraldehyde to chitosan) to Cu(Ⅱ) was 160mg/g (dry weight). The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) was correlated with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation. Cu(Ⅱ) adsorbed on thio-chitosan column ( 1 cm×10 cm)was eluted with 0.5mol/L H2SO4, 6mol/L HCl and 3% thiourea solution with the recovery of 88.3%,86.1% and 95.3%, respectively. The thio-chitosan resin can be applied to the separation and recovery of metal ions.     

N503萃淋树脂吸萃铟的研究

考察了Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂在盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸－溴化钠体系中对铟的吸萃性能，研究了Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂在氢溴酸体系中吸萃铟的动力学和机理，发现Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂吸萃铟的反应按假一级反应进行，并符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附式。吸附平衡和红外光谱研究发现Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂吸附铟的反应按下式进行：     

Adsorption of NH3 onto activated carbon prepared from palm shells impregnated with H2SO4

Adsorption of ammonia (NH3) onto activated carbons prepared from palm shells impregnated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was investigated. The effects of activation temperature and acid concentration on pore surface area development were studied. The relatively large micropore surface areas of the palm-shell activated carbons prepared by H2SO4 activation suggest their potential applications in gas adsorption. Adsorption experiments at a fixed temperature showed that the amounts of NH3 adsorbed onto the chemically activated carbons, unlike those prepared by CO2 thermal activation, were not solely dependent on the specific pore surface areas of the adsorbents. Further adsorption tests for a wide range of temperatures suggested combined physisorption and chemisorption of NH3. Desorption tests at the same temperature as adsorption and at an elevated temperature were carried out to confirm the occurrence of chemisorption due to the interaction between NH3 and some oxygen functional groups via hydrogen bonding. The surface functional groups on the adsorbent surface were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The amounts of NH3 adsorbed by chemisorption were correlated with the contents of elemental oxygen present in the adsorbents. Mechanisms for chemical activation and adsorption processes are proposed based on the observed phenomena.     

疏水/亲水大孔聚二乙烯基苯/聚(N-2-氨基乙基丙烯酰胺)IPN树脂的合成及对水杨酸吸附性能研究

采用分步悬浮聚合法制备了聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸甲酯(PDVB/PMA)大孔互穿聚合物网络,将其中的聚丙烯酸甲酯用乙二胺氨解,合成了具有疏水/亲水性能的聚二乙烯基苯/聚(N-2-氨基乙基丙烯酰胺)(PDVB/PNAEAM)大孔互穿聚合物网络(IPN);测定了该树脂的孔结构、含水量、弱碱交换量和溶胀性能;测定了该树脂对水杨酸在不同温度下的吸附等温线,利用热力学函数关系计算出了吸附焓、自由能和熵.推测PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂中疏水性的PDVB一网具有疏水作用吸附能力、亲水性的PNAEAM一网具有氢键作用吸附能力.动态吸附及脱附实验表明湿态PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂对水溶液中水杨酸的饱和吸附量达到46.1mg/mL.树脂可以通过4%NaOH溶液再生.PDVB/PNAEAM IPN树脂在分离工业废水中水杨酸等芳香有机酸有良好的应用前景.     

ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF DSD ACID MANUFACTURING WASTEWATER ON MACROPOROUS RESIN

4,4‘-diaminostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid (DSD acid) manufacturing wastewater was treated by a macroporous resin in a fixed-bed column.The results showed that this method was suitable for removal of chemical oxygen demands(COD) and color,About 91% COD and 99.5% color removal were obtained under the optimum adsorption conditions.i.e.temperature 20℃,flow rate lbed volume/hour(BV/hr)and pH1-2.The resin was efficiently regenerated with aqueous sodium hydroxide and water.Furthermore,65.5% of 4,4‘-dinitrostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid(DNS) could be recovered from wastewater for possible recycling to the manufactureing process.The adsorption capacity of resin remained constant during the repetition process of adsorption and desorption.     

CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中的性能(英文)

氮氧化物(NO_x)是主要的大气污染物之一.氨气选择性催化还原法(NH_3-SCR)是目前去除固定源排放的氮氧化物的最有效方法,被广泛用于燃煤或者生物质的火电厂中.催化剂是NH_3-SCR法的核心,其中V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂是主要的商业SCR催化剂;但是V_2O_5有毒,对环境的影响很大;另外,该催化剂具有较高的SO_2氧化性能.因而研究者一直在探索新型的SCR催化剂.SO_2是燃煤电厂烟气中的典型气体之一,所以抗硫性能是催化剂的一个重要指标.在SCR反应条件下,SO_2和O_2容易与氧化物催化剂发生反应生成稳定性较高的硫酸盐,覆盖在催化剂表面从而引起催化剂失活.但已有研究发现,硫化会提高K中毒后的V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂的活性.并且,短时间的硫化可以明显提高CuO/Al_2O_3的NH_3-SCR活性.硫酸盐催化剂或许具有较低毒性和较高抗硫性能,应该是一种有前景的SCR催化剂.本文以商业纳米TiO_2为载体,采用湿式浸渍法制备了一系列的CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂.在自制的活性评价装置上测试了样品的NH_3-SCR活性并且在340℃下连续24 h测试了SO_2、水蒸气及两者共同作用对催化剂活性的影响.使用N_2等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)对催化剂进行了表征.另外,采用原位红外漫反射光谱研究了CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂上的NH_3-SCR反应过程.N_2等温吸附-脱附结果表明,负载的CuSO_4没有明显改变载体的孔结构.而XRD结果仅显示锐钛矿TiO_2的衍射峰,说明CuSO_4在载体上有较好的分散度或者CuSO_4的含量低于检测限.XPS结果显示,催化剂中的铜主要以Cu~(2+)形式存在,硫主要以SO_4~(2-)形式存在,而氧主要以晶格氧和吸附氧两种形式存在,并且CuSO_4的存在会增加催化剂中吸附氧的含量.H_2-TPR结果表明,随着CuSO_4含量的增加,催化剂的氧化还原能力逐渐增强.NH_3-TPD结果表明,催化剂表面的酸性位数目随着样品中CuSO_4含量的增加而增加.纯TiO_2的NH_3-SCR活性很差,当温度从300℃增加到450℃时,最高NO_x转化率仅为32.7%.但当CuSO_4负载到TiO_2上以后,催化剂活性明显提高.在反应温度高于340℃时,CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NO_x转化率在94%以上,与商业V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂相当,并且其N_2O生成量低于商业催化剂.不过,当温度低于340℃时,CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NO_x转化率明显低于商业催化剂,说明CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的活性仍有待改善.连续24 h测试了SO_2、水蒸汽及两者的共同作用对CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂活性的影响.结果显示,单独的水蒸气会导致活性轻微下降,但SO_2以及两者共同存在时对催化剂的活性基本没有影响.CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NH_3吸附红外光谱表明,催化剂上存在Lewis和Bronsted两种酸性位,但Bronsted酸性位上的NH_4~+稳定性较差,280℃时即基本消失.在高温时,NH_3主要吸附在Lewis酸性位上且CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂对NO_x的吸附能力较差,红外光谱未检测到NO_x的吸附峰.380℃下,当NO和O_2通入预吸附NH_3的催化剂样品时,属于Lewis酸性位上NH_3的红外峰明显下降,说明Lewis酸性位上吸附的NH_3参与了反应.CuSO_4/TiO_2显示出高的抗硫抗水性能和比较好的NH_3-SCR活性,应该是一种有应用前景的SCR催化剂.CuSO_4可以增加催化剂的酸性位数目和吸附氧量.根据原位红外漫反射结果,CuSO_4/TiO_2上的SCR反应遵循Eley-Rideal机理.气相的NO与吸附在Lewis酸性位上的NH_3反应生成N_2和H_2O或许是主要的反应途径,并且吸附氧可能会促进这个过程.     

燃煤烟气中碱金属化合物对V2O5/AC催化剂低温脱硝的影响： NH3的吸附与氧化

采用湿法浸渍-再干燥法将K₂O和K₂SO₄担载到低温SCR催化剂V1/AC上,模拟研究了烟气中超细碱金属颗粒物对V1/AC催化剂脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,两种含K化合物的引入均导致了该催化剂的失活,明显抑制了NH₃在催化剂上的吸附,尤其是热稳定性较低的吸附;K₂SO₄的抑制作用明显小于K₂O,这与它们对催化剂SCR活性的影响规律相一致。K₂O的担载对催化剂表面的氧化性能影响较小,但由于其能抑制NH3的吸附而引起催化剂的失活;K₂SO₄的担载则增加了催化剂表面吸附态的NH₃在O₂气氛中被过度氧化为NO的可能性。