船舶防污涂料的技术研究和应用现状

长期处于海水环境中的船舶会受到海洋生物附着带来的污损威胁,在船体表面涂覆防污涂料是目前解决海洋污损问题最常用的方法。概述了现阶段用于船舶污损防治的主要防污涂料的类型,针对传统防污涂料使用期效短和防污剂释放速率不稳定的问题,介绍了缓控释技术在防污领域的研究进展和本课题组在氧化亚铜微胶囊防污剂方面的探索,最后对船舶防污涂料的未来研究和发展方向进行了展望。     

海洋污损生物防除技术和发展(Ⅲ)——世界防污技术的历史和发展

本讲总结了船舶防污技术的历史发展过程和方向,包括最早的船体包覆铜皮技术,铜化合物防污漆,有机锡高聚物自抛光防污漆,无锡铜基自抛光防污漆,以及其它一些无毒防污漆,如低表面能防污漆,导电防污漆和生物防污技术等。     

海洋污损生物防除技术和发展(Ⅰ)--船底防污及电解海水防污技术

本讲介绍了不同材质的各种船舶的防污要求及电解海水防污技术的发展和应用。     

海洋生物污损及环境友好型船舶防污涂料的研究进展

海洋生物污损增加船舶的油耗并影响船舶正常的航行,涂覆环境友好型船舶防污涂料是目前解决此问题既经济高效又环保的途径。介绍了海洋生物污损的形成过程,概述了船舶防污涂料的研究工作,并在此基础上综述了环境友好型船舶防污涂料的最新成果,展望了未来环境友好型船舶防污涂料的发展方向。     

环境友好型海洋船舶防污涂料的研究进展

简述了海洋船舶防污涂料的发展历史以及目前防污涂料的主要类型,介绍了国内外海洋船舶防污涂料的最新发展状况,并对海洋防污涂料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

风险评估方法在船舶防污漆防污活性物质管理上的应用

防污漆中使用的有毒防污活性物质对海洋生物和人类健康存在的持久性负面影响一直受到高度关注,国际上已经将风险评估方法引入到对防污活性物质的管理中。本文综述了国际和国内在船舶防污漆防污活性物质管理中引入风险评估方法的发展历史、相关法规标准以及应用现状,着重分析了未来我国在船舶防污漆防污活性物质管理方面的调整思路。     

船舶防污方法研究进展

海洋生物污损是制约船舶业发展的重要问题。人们很早就开始对防污方法进行研究并先后采用机械除污法、涂覆防污涂料法、表面改性法等去除海洋附着生物。综述了船舶防污方法及其研究进展,通过分析各种防污方法的特点,指出了存在的问题,并对未来船舶防污的发展前景进行了展望。     

海洋船舶有机硅低表面能防污涂料的研究进展

海洋防污涂料是海洋工程与装备的重要防护材料,对于海洋资源开发利用发挥着极其重要的作用。在现用的海洋防污涂料中,低表面能防污涂料不会对海洋环境产生破坏,是将来的主要发展方向。本文简要介绍了低表面能防污涂料的机理及影响因素,重点论述了有机硅改性不同有机树脂的防污涂料、纳米材料改性有机硅防污涂料和有机硅仿生复合防污体系的技术发展现状,并展望了未来低表面能船舶防污涂料的发展方向。     

防污涂料的现状与未来

防污涂料与船舶的航行经济效果密切相关。国内外船舶涂料界正从各种技术角度研究着新防污涂料。下边就防污涂料的现状与未来作一介绍。 1.海洋生物的污损及其防止方法生物污损可分为藤壶等的动物性污损和藻类等的植物性污损。整个附着污损过程是很复杂的。而防污方法的着眼点,就是选择一个切断其生长的环节。今后,一方面要不断完善过去使用的毒物溶出的方法,另一方面,要研究“不使生物附着的方法”。防污方法的基本原理如下:     

丙烯酸锌复合防污涂料的制备与防污性能评价

研制了一种以丙烯酸锌树脂为基料、以氧化亚铜和三种不同的有机物为防污助剂的船舶防污涂料,检测了在不同有机防污助剂体系中铜离子的渗出率,并对防污涂料进行了实海测试.     

The International Symposium on Ultra-high Temperature Materials

An encapsulation technique for high-temperature controlled-environment testing is introduced. This encapsulation technique is combined with the DC potential drop technique to monitor the crack growth during the experiment. This technique eliminates the complicated retort systems of conventional mechanical testing and possesses the advantages of compactness, transportability, ease of manufacture and low cost. Test results in vacuum using this technique are compared with results of similar experiments in air and in a retort system.     

Evaluating the reliability of prototype degradable systems

The technique introduced in this paper is a new technique for analyzing fault tolerant designs under considerable uncertainty, such as seen in unique or few-of-a-kind devices in poorly known environments or pre-prototype design analyses. This technique is able to provide useful information while maintaining the uncertainty inherent in the original specifications. The technique introduced here is a logical extension of the underlying concepts of fuzzy sets and Markov models. Although originally developed for robotic systems, the technique is more broadly applicable. This paper develops fuzzy Markov modeling and uses it to analyze a specific robot designed for hazardous waste removal and specific types of electronic systems.     

Exact and efficient signal reconstruction in frequency-domain optical-coherence tomography

We address the problem of tomogram reconstruction in frequency-domain optical-coherence tomography. We propose a new technique for suppressing the autocorrelation artifacts that are commonly encountered with the conventional Fourier-transform-based approach. The technique is based on the assumptions that the scattering function is causal and that the intensity of the light reflected from the object is smaller than that of the reference. The technique is noniterative, nonlinear, and yields an exact solution in the absence of noise. Results on synthesized data and experimental measurements show that the technique offers superior quality reconstruction and is computationally more efficient than the iterative technique reported in the literature.     

Prediction of ground multipath parameters from range-gain measurements using Prony?s technique

Prony's technique is used to estimate multipath parameters from range-gain patterns produced by ground multipath interference in line-of-sight radio links. The field distribution at the transmitting antenna side is obtained by digital reconstruction from the range-gain pattern that is recorded, at constant height, along ground surface. The technique is presented as a competitive alternative to the Fourier transform, where much shorter data windows are sufficient for the proposed technique. The technique is validated by calculated and measured range-gain patterns, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the actual ones. Prony's technique produced predictions with comparable errors to the Fourier technique from much smaller data windows.     

Column-relaxed algebraic reconstruction algorithm for tomography with noisy data

A tomographic reconstruction algorithm similar to the well-known algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is presented. Similar to ART, the approximate algebraic reconstruction technique (AART) technique consists of a sequence of displacements of the image vector based on the projection error. AART is a column-relaxation technique that is a series of vector displacements of the image vector parallel to its coordinate axes. AART is compared with ART, a standard conjugate-gradient technique, and a conjugate-gradient technique augmented by nonnegativity. The use of relaxation parameters to improve the performance of both ART and AART in the presence of noise is discussed, and the use of an iteration termination criterion based on random generalized cross validation is illustrated.     

Enrichment based multiscale modeling for thermo‐stress analysis of heterogeneous material

This paper details a novel new multiscale technique for modeling heterogeneous materials undergoing substantial thermal stresses. The technique is based on an enriched partition of unity approach that incorporates the thermal effects occurring on the microstructure into the global model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by implementing it into both the standard finite element method and the octree partition of unity method (OctPUM). The results demonstrate that the technique has uniquely improved accuracy over the homogenization method conditional to the method into which it is implemented in. The multiscale technique, when implemented into either the standard finite element method or OctPUM, increases the accuracy of the strain energy calculation. When the multiscale technique is implemented into OctPUM, it also is able to capture the unique stress fields on the microstructure of the model. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

Phase-shifting schlieren: high-resolution quantitative schlieren that uses the phase-shifting technique principle

A quantitative autocalibrated high-resolution schlieren technique for quantitative measurement of reflective surface shape is proposed. It combines the schlieren principle with the phase-shifting technique that is generally used in interferometry. With an appropriate schlieren filter and appropriately tailored setup, some schlieren fringes are generated. After application of the phase-shift technique, the schlieren phase is calculated and converted into beam deviation values. Theoretical and experimental demonstrations are given. The technique is validated on a reference target, and then its application in a fluid physics experiment is demonstrated. These two examples show the potential of the phase-shifting schlieren technique that in some situations can become competitive with interferometry but with a much better dynamic range and with variable sensitivity. The technique can also be used to measure refractive-index gradients in transparent media.     

索引调制在水声通信中的应用及其研究进展

水声通信系统具有带宽受限和功率受限的显著特点。索引调制(Index Modulation, IM)技术在提高频谱效率、能源效率以及降低系统复杂度方面展现出了巨大潜力。因此,在过去的几年中,索引调制技术在水声通信中得到了广泛的应用,引起了国内外学者的普遍关注,有望成为高速水声通信系统的一个极具潜能的候选方案。文章聚焦于索引调制相关技术在水声通信中的应用,并对其性能进行分析,总结其研究进展。     

电流脉冲加热瞬态热物性测量技术

对国内外电流脉冲加热技术的发展状况进行了综述评价.针对获取温度方法不同,主要介绍了黑体法、积分球法和激光偏振法三种基本形式的测量系统,进而介绍了扩展参数测量装置.又较为详细地介绍了作者自己研制的测量装置和特点.最后作者展望了电流脉冲加热技术的最新研究动态和发展方向.     

无需短路活塞相位信息的波导同轴转换器校准方法

针对采用矢量网络分析仪测量波导设备反射系数的问题,推导出一种采用匹配负载和短路活塞校准波导同轴转换器的方法。校准时只需要确定一个相位参考面,不需要记录短路活塞的位置信息。该方法消除了读刻度带来的误差,实施方便。在X波段通过一组实测数据验证了该方法的有效性。