The Influence of an Adrenergic Antagonist Guanethidine (GUA) on the Distribution Pattern and Chemical Coding of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) Neurons Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder

Although guanethidine (GUA) was used in the past as a drug to suppress hyperactivity of the sympathetic nerve fibers, there are no available data concerning the possible action of this substance on the sensory component of the peripheral nervous system supplying the urinary bladder. Thus, the present study was aimed at disclosing the influence of intravesically instilled GUA on the distribution, relative frequency, and chemical coding of dorsal root ganglion neurons associated with the porcine urinary bladder. The investigated sensory neurons were visualized with a retrograde tracing method using Fast Blue (FB), while their chemical profile was disclosed with single-labeling immunohistochemistry using antibodies against substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), galanin (GAL), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), somatostatin (SOM), and calbindin (CB). After GUA treatment, a slight decrease in the number of FB⁺ neurons containing SP was observed when compared with untreated animals (34.6 ± 6.5% vs. 45.6 ± 1.3%), while the number of retrogradely traced cells immunolabeled for GAL, nNOS, and CB distinctly increased (12.3 ± 1.0% vs. 7.4 ± 0.6%, 11.9 ± 0.6% vs. 5.4 ± 0.5% and 8.6 ± 0.5% vs. 2.7 ± 0.4%, respectively). However, administration of GUA did not change the number of FB⁺ neurons containing CGRP, PACAP, or SOM. The present study provides evidence that GUA significantly modifies the sensory innervation of the porcine urinary bladder wall and thus may be considered a potential tool for studying the plasticity of this subdivision of the bladder innervation.     

The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis

In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are impaired. Metformin and the agonists of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-receptor (LH/hCG-R) (hCG, low-molecular-weight allosteric LH/hCG-R-agonists) can be used to restore them. The aim was to study effectiveness of separate and combined administration of metformin, hCG and 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP3) on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male rats with T2DM. hCG (15 IU/rat/day) and TP3 (15 mg/kg/day) were injected in the last five days of five-week metformin treatment (120 mg/kg/day). Metformin improved testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and restored LH/hCG-R-expression. Compared to control, in T2DM, hCG stimulated steroidogenesis and StAR-gene expression less effectively and, after five-day administration, reduced LH/hCG-R-expression, while TP3 effects changed weaker. In co-administration of metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists, on the first day, stimulating effects of LH/hCG-R-agonists on testosterone levels and hCG-stimulated expression of StAR- and CYP17A1-genes were increased, but on the 3–5th day, they disappeared. This was due to reduced LH/hCG-R-gene expression and increased aromatase-catalyzed estradiol production. With co-administration, LH/hCG-R-agonists did not contribute to improving spermatogenesis, induced by metformin. Thus, in T2DM, metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists restore steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with metformin being more effective in restoring spermatogenesis, and their co-administration improves LH/hCG-R-agonist-stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in acute but not chronic administration.     

关于导师制对提高材料化学专业本科毕业论文质量的探讨

本科毕业论文是高等院校人才培养计划的重要组成部分,是必须的实践教学环节,其质量的高低是一所高校教育教学质量的直接反映。当前高校本科毕业论文现状,反映出本科生的科研意识淡薄、科研能力低下的问题相当突出。本科生科研导师制对解决时下本科毕业论文存在的问题具有积极意义,值得尝试。     

MgSO_4和Li_2SO_4对乙醇-水体系互溶性的影响

测定了 Mg SO4- C2 H5 OH- H2 O三元系在 - 5℃ ,0℃ ,30℃ ,35℃及 5 0℃和 L i2 SO4- Mg SO4- C2 H5 OH- H2 O四元系在 2 5℃的互溶度和相关系。结果表明 :Mg SO4可使完全互溶的乙醇 -水体系分层 ,且 Mg SO4在两层液相中的含量明显不同。L i2 SO4和 Mg SO4作为混合盐在乙醇 -水体系中的行为表现出加和性。L i2 SO4本身在室温范围下不会使乙醇 -水体系分层 ,但适量的 L i2 SO4与 Mg SO4混合可使乙醇 -水体系的分层温度从33℃下降至 15℃以下。另一方面 ,乙醇的存在不仅可以降低 Mg SO4和 L i2 SO4的溶解度 ,而且可促成 Mg SO4· 7H2 O的脱水。该三元系中 Mg SO4的溶解度随温度升高而增大 ,在乙醇中几乎不能溶解。在 30℃ ,35℃和 5 0℃下体系的平衡固相为 Mg SO4· 6 H2 O,其他温度下是 Mg SO4· 7H2 O。提出一个经验公式对互溶性进行了关联 ,效果很好     

电力系统谐波对电子式电能表计量的影响

研究电力系统谐波对电能表计量的影响。近年来,化工、冶金、煤炭以及家用电器等企业日渐增多．一些大功率变流设备与电弧炉投入使用．导致电网中的非线性负荷大量增加。它们所产生的高次谐波被注入电网．使得电力系统的电压与电流波形发生严重畸变,对输电设备、测量仪器、通信设备、计量仪表等产生不同程度的影响。电费回收率与线路损耗率是考核供电企业的重要指标．而这两者都以电能计量作为基础与依据。冈此．研究电力谐波对电能计量的影响及解决措施具有重要的意义。     

TiO2对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃结构和性能的影响

采用DTA、IR方法研究TiO2对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃体系结构的影响。DTA分析结果表明,随氧化钛质量分数的变化,玻璃转变温度Tg呈现先升高后降低的趋势;析晶放热峰值温度Tp则逐渐降低。IR分析表明,少量的Ti4+的引入,有助于Al3+进入玻璃网络中。当氧化钛质量分数超过4%时,Ti4+以[TiO4]的形式进入玻璃网络,使网络结构加强;当氧化钛质量分数达到8%时,出现六配位状态的[TiO6]8-。随着氧化钛质量分数的增加,密度逐渐增大;化学稳定性先降低后升高,在一定范围内,引入TiO2能提高玻璃耐碱性。