仿生制备氧化锌纳米棒阵列超疏水表面

通过模仿荷叶表面微观结构和表面化学成分的方法,以玻璃为基底在溶液中生长ZnO纳米棒并经表面低自由能化修饰,从而成功制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列超疏水表面.经接触角测量仪表征,该超疏水表面静态水接触角为156°,扫描电镜分析表明所制备的ZnO纳米棒均具有100 nm左右的直径,这种微纳米的复合结构是赋予材料表面超疏水性能的主要因素.最后采用Cassie模型对该超疏水表面的超疏水性能进行了理论分析.     

Nanoscopic channel lattices with controlled anisotropic wetting

Engineered microscopic surface structures allow local control of physical surface properties such as adhesion, friction and wettability. These properties are related both to molecular interactions and the surface topology--for example, selective adsorption and molecular recognition capabilities require controlled anisotropy in the surface properties. Chemistry with extremely small amounts of material has become possible using liquid-guiding channels of sub-micrometre dimensions. Laterally structured surfaces with differing wettabilities may be produced using various techniques, such as microcontact printing, micromachining, photolithography and vapour deposition. Another strategy for introducing anisotropic texture is based on the use of the intrinsic material properties of stretched ultrathin polymer coatings. Here we present a fast and simple method to generate extended patterned surfaces with controlled wetting properties on the nanometre scale, without any lithographic processes. The technique utilizes wetting instabilities that occur when monomolecular layers are transferred onto a solid substrate. The modified surfaces can be used as templates for patterning a wide variety of molecules and nanoclusters into approximately parallel channels, with a spatial density of up to 20,000 cm(-1). We demonstrate the transport properties of these channels for attolitre quantities of liquid.     

STM在Au表面上的超微加工

论述了在大气状态下扫描隧道显微镜STM在Au表面上的电场加工实验，实验分析表明：对表面结构的超微加工主要是准机械接触近场放电作用。     

Isolation and characterization of rl（t）, a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant ideotype. Previous studies have shown that the rl（t） gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype, because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index （LRI） of about 30 % in the heterozygous state, and had a positive effect on grain yield. In this study, we isolated rl（t） and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in rice. DNA sequencing identified a single base change （G to T） in the finely mapped region （11 kb） containing rl（t）, and this is located in 3′-untranslated region （3′-UTR） of the only predicted gene, Roc5 （Rice outermost cell-specific）. The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl（t） mutant than in the wild-type. Using RNAi and overexpression analysis, we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area, and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial rolling. These results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosagedependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence （called the GU-rich element） in the 3′-UTR of HD-GL2 （Homeodomain-Glabra2） family genes including Roc5. Based on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals, we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl（t） mutant compared to the wild-type, which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the leaf. This discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.     

Complex microstructure fabrication by integrating silicon anisotropic etching and UV-LIGA technology

A fabrication method which integrates silicon anisotropic etching micromachining with UV-LIGA technology to make complex microstructures is presented.This proposod combined process enables the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio and three-dimensional(3D)microstmctures,which cannot be fabricated by silicon bulk micromachining or UV-LIGA alone.To demonstrate this combined method.the 100μm thick SU-8 micro gears were fabricated on the silicon convex square structure.which is 100μm×100μm×80μm in dimension.In the subsequent micro hot embossing process,a novel type of plastics polyethylene terephtalate glycol(PETG)Was tried for use.Through optimizing process parameters,PETG shows the potential of being used as plastic replica in micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS).This fabrication technology provides a new option for the increasing need of functionality,quality and economy of MEMS.     

胱氨酸基质下二氧化硅微球的仿生合成及其表征

以胱氨酸为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,仿生合成表面具有疏松多孔结构的二氧化硅微球.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)以及X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、对产物进行表征.FE-SEM、FT-IR表征结果显示SiO2微球的形成过程为:在胱氨酸的模板分子作用下TEOS水解生成具有微球形貌的键合型有机-无机杂化微粒,该微粒经600℃煅烧得到SiO2微球;XRD表征结果表明SiO2微球为无定型结构.依据表征结果,进一步对二氧化硅微球的形成机理进行了探讨.     

各向异性曲面结构图形电磁计算

利用物理光学来分析各向异性曲面的散射场, 数值计算结果将突出显示各向异性材料产生的影响. 同时利用图形电磁计算(GRECO)方法实现对各向异性材料的曲面结构的电磁计算. 结果表明, 该方法是正确有效的, 具有重要的工程应用价值.     

Optical polymer thin films with isotropic and anisotropic nano-corrugated surface topologies

Light reflection from computer monitors, car dashboards and any other optical surface can impair the legibility of displays, degrade transmission of optical components and in some cases may even pose safety hazards. Antireflective coatings are therefore widely used, but existing antireflection technologies often perform sub-optimally or are expensive to implement. Here we present an alternative approach to antireflection coatings, based on an extension of our photo-aligning and photo-patterning technology for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) and liquid-crystal polymer films with smooth surfaces to optical polymer films with controlled surface topologies. Nano- and micro-corrugated topologies are shown to result from optically induced monomer phase-separation on the polymer surfaces. The properties of the resulting films make them suitable high-performance and low-cost antireflection coatings for optical components of virtually any size, shape and material. Moreover, the approach can be used to form a wide range of other functional polymer thin films with isotropic as well as anisotropic topologies. For example, films can be produced whose optical birefringence exceeds that of the birefringence of the polymer material itself. These new films can also be used as diffractive thin films, diffusers, and directional reflectors which preserve light polarization, or as substrates for aligning liquid crystals to produce bright, low-power-consumption LCDs with integrated optical functions and memory.     

矿物颗粒表面润湿程度的表征及应用

为表征矿物颗粒表面的润湿性,应用表面化学理论分析了润湿接触角、润湿热与润湿程度的关系,探讨了润湿程度的表征方法。结果表明：矿物颗粒润湿是自发过程,润湿类型决定润湿程度;润湿热与润湿接触角成反比,两者均可表征矿物颗粒的润湿程度。应用实例验证了润湿热表征矿物颗粒润湿程度和润湿过程的可行性,为科学研究和生产实际提供了技术理论支持。     

羟基化及硅烷化二氧化硅表面润湿行为的分子模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究水团簇在羟基化及不同链长硅烷化二氧化硅表面的微观润湿行为,通过相互作用能、径向分布函数及扩散系数等参量对微观润湿机制进行分析。结果表明:羟基化二氧化硅表面具有极强亲水性,而硅烷化表面疏水性较强,且疏水性随烷基链增加呈增强趋势;羟基化二氧化硅表面与水分子存在强相互作用,使团簇底部水分子优先向表面移动,并带动其余水分子向表面迁移,促进水团簇在表面铺展,表现出强亲水性;硅烷化二氧化硅表面与水之间主要为范德华作用,不足以克服团簇内部相互作用而破坏水滴结构,表现出强疏水性,随着烷基链增长,表面与水分子的相互作用强度逐渐减弱,疏水性增强。     

具有粗糙表面的TiC纳米线的制备和表征

采用碳热还原TiO2的方法,向TiO2和活性炭原料中加入一定比例的NaCl,通过氯化物辅助碳热还原过程,以Co@C纳米粒子为催化剂,取摩尔比为1∶4∶0.5∶0.1的TiO2、活性炭、NaCl和Co@C纳米粒子混合物,在1 350 ℃反应合成TiC纳米线.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM及EDS对产物进行物相、形貌、晶形及成分分析,结果表明,该产物为无定形CoO纳米包裹的单晶面心立方TiC纳米线.     

各向异性的双轴晶体内表面反射的研究

用一套较为简单的公式 ,再加上坐标轴间的旋转给出了各向异性的双轴晶体内表面双反射时的几条光线行进方向的表达式 ,由此可方便地得到单轴晶体内表面反射光线的方向 .从而为各向异性晶体内表面反射的光路计算提供了理论基础 ,最后给出了计算实例 .     

水稻剑叶蛋白质的双向电泳分析

以三系杂交稻不育系武金4A,保持系武金4B剑叶为材料,利用双向电泳技术,获得了孕穗期剑叶蛋白质双向电泳图谱。经考马斯亮兰染色,可辨别出蛋白质斑点数450个左右；经银染复染后,可辨别出约800个左右蛋白质点。蛋白质相对分子量约在14.0kDa～94.0kDa范围内,主要分布在14.0kDa～67.0kDa之间；等电点(pIs)约在3.5～9.5范围内,主要分布在5.0～7.0之间。     

韧带-骨支架仿生界面设计与制造方法

针对当前软质韧带支架与硬质骨组织通过机械固定进行韧带修复存在的应力集中与疲劳断裂问题,提出了具有仿生界面的韧带-骨支架设计与制造方法。研究了自然韧带-骨界面的微观结构,通过工程简化设计了具有仿生界面的韧带-骨复合支架,提出了韧带-骨支架仿生界面的分层制造方法,从材料、力学及微观结构方面对所制备的韧带-骨支架仿生界面进行了分析评价。结果表明,所提出的分层制造方法可在软质韧带纤维支架与硬质陶瓷骨支架之间精确制造出所设计的仿生界面,其在材料成分、力学性能及微观结构上呈现分区变化特性。后期通过骨支架与自体骨融合生长以及仿生界面的多组织再生,有望实现韧带纤维支架与自体骨骨道的生理愈合及可靠固定,从而为临床韧带修复提供一种新思路。     

稻草、茭白鞘叶栽培凤尾菇试验研究

传统的凤尾菇栽培料主要成分是木屑,试验采用稻草、茭白鞘叶代替部分木屑栽培凤尾菇,用不同的栽培料配方栽培凤尾菇,共设置7个试验组,以传统培养料配方为对照组(CK)。通过对菌丝生长、子实体生长和产量等指标的考察,分析不同配方对凤尾菇生长的影响。结果表明:试验组中配料以木屑、稻草、茭白鞘叶以合适比例混合为基料时,凤尾菇产量最好,生物学效率最高为32.24%。     

硅表面微结构对表面润湿方向性影响的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了硅表面微结构对表面润湿方向性的影响,采用3种不同的微结构探讨了水滴在表面上的扩散方向问题,以及微结构尺寸对表面润湿性的影响.研究结果表明,表面微结构宽度存在临界宽度值,当微结构宽度小于临界宽度时表面表现为疏水性,反之,亲水性增强;在疏水性表面上,水的铺展性表现为各向同性,水滴稳定后俯视图近似为圆形,在亲水性表面,水的铺展性表现为各向异性,表面微结构形状不同,水滴稳定后呈现不同的特殊形状.     

Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index （LAI） estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance （350-2500 nm） and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation： correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 rim. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 rim. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.     

水稻叶片中可溶性蛋白质提取介质的比较

对影响紫外测定可溶性蛋白质含量的二个因素(叶绿素和石英砂)以及水稻叶片可溶性蛋白质的4种提取介质进行了比较分析,结果表明:叶绿素和石英砂对紫外测定可溶性蛋白质含量有明显影响,用0 1mol LpH6.8Tris HCl缓冲液提取的可溶性蛋白质得率最高。