仿生制备氧化锌纳米棒阵列超疏水表面

通过模仿荷叶表面微观结构和表面化学成分的方法,以玻璃为基底在溶液中生长ZnO纳米棒并经表面低自由能化修饰,从而成功制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列超疏水表面.经接触角测量仪表征,该超疏水表面静态水接触角为156°,扫描电镜分析表明所制备的ZnO纳米棒均具有100 nm左右的直径,这种微纳米的复合结构是赋予材料表面超疏水性能的主要因素.最后采用Cassie模型对该超疏水表面的超疏水性能进行了理论分析.     

Nanoscopic channel lattices with controlled anisotropic wetting

Engineered microscopic surface structures allow local control of physical surface properties such as adhesion, friction and wettability. These properties are related both to molecular interactions and the surface topology--for example, selective adsorption and molecular recognition capabilities require controlled anisotropy in the surface properties. Chemistry with extremely small amounts of material has become possible using liquid-guiding channels of sub-micrometre dimensions. Laterally structured surfaces with differing wettabilities may be produced using various techniques, such as microcontact printing, micromachining, photolithography and vapour deposition. Another strategy for introducing anisotropic texture is based on the use of the intrinsic material properties of stretched ultrathin polymer coatings. Here we present a fast and simple method to generate extended patterned surfaces with controlled wetting properties on the nanometre scale, without any lithographic processes. The technique utilizes wetting instabilities that occur when monomolecular layers are transferred onto a solid substrate. The modified surfaces can be used as templates for patterning a wide variety of molecules and nanoclusters into approximately parallel channels, with a spatial density of up to 20,000 cm(-1). We demonstrate the transport properties of these channels for attolitre quantities of liquid.     

Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of rice 5460F

Thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (TGMS) rice has a number of desirable characteristics for hybrid rice production. Many studies have demonstrated that the sterility of TGMS rice is controlled by a single recessive gene. It has been mapped for the first time on chromosome 8 and namedtms 1. Several AFLP markers which tightly linked to thetms 1 gene have been identified recently. In order to develop a detailed physical map of thetms1 gene-encompassing region and finally clone thetms1 gene, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of rice 5460F (the fertile mutant line of TGMS rice 5460S) using a modified vector pECBAC1 has been constructed. The constructed 5460F BAC library consists of 16 896 clones with an average insert size of 119 kb, which represents about 4.7 times rice haploid genome equivalents. Neither chloroplast nor mitochondrial DNA was detected from the library. The library was screened with three single copy sequence amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers which tightly linked totms1 gene as probes and eight positive clones were identified.     

STM在Au表面上的超微加工

论述了在大气状态下扫描隧道显微镜STM在Au表面上的电场加工实验，实验分析表明：对表面结构的超微加工主要是准机械接触近场放电作用。     

Isolation and characterization of rl（t）, a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant ideotype. Previous studies have shown that the rl（t） gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype, because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index （LRI） of about 30 % in the heterozygous state, and had a positive effect on grain yield. In this study, we isolated rl（t） and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in rice. DNA sequencing identified a single base change （G to T） in the finely mapped region （11 kb） containing rl（t）, and this is located in 3′-untranslated region （3′-UTR） of the only predicted gene, Roc5 （Rice outermost cell-specific）. The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl（t） mutant than in the wild-type. Using RNAi and overexpression analysis, we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area, and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial rolling. These results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosagedependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence （called the GU-rich element） in the 3′-UTR of HD-GL2 （Homeodomain-Glabra2） family genes including Roc5. Based on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals, we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl（t） mutant compared to the wild-type, which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the leaf. This discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.     

Complex microstructure fabrication by integrating silicon anisotropic etching and UV-LIGA technology

A fabrication method which integrates silicon anisotropic etching micromachining with UV-LIGA technology to make complex microstructures is presented.This proposod combined process enables the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio and three-dimensional(3D)microstmctures,which cannot be fabricated by silicon bulk micromachining or UV-LIGA alone.To demonstrate this combined method.the 100μm thick SU-8 micro gears were fabricated on the silicon convex square structure.which is 100μm×100μm×80μm in dimension.In the subsequent micro hot embossing process,a novel type of plastics polyethylene terephtalate glycol(PETG)Was tried for use.Through optimizing process parameters,PETG shows the potential of being used as plastic replica in micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS).This fabrication technology provides a new option for the increasing need of functionality,quality and economy of MEMS.     

胱氨酸基质下二氧化硅微球的仿生合成及其表征

以胱氨酸为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,仿生合成表面具有疏松多孔结构的二氧化硅微球.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)以及X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、对产物进行表征.FE-SEM、FT-IR表征结果显示SiO2微球的形成过程为:在胱氨酸的模板分子作用下TEOS水解生成具有微球形貌的键合型有机-无机杂化微粒,该微粒经600℃煅烧得到SiO2微球;XRD表征结果表明SiO2微球为无定型结构.依据表征结果,进一步对二氧化硅微球的形成机理进行了探讨.     

Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy

Study on surface features of wear particles generated in wear process provides an insight into the progress of material failure of artificial joints. It is very important to quantify the surface features of wear particles in three dimensions. In this study, a new approach using atomic force microscopy was proposed to carry out 3D numerical surface characterization of wear debris generated from artificial joints. Atomic force microscopy combined with image processing techniques was used to acquire appropriate 3D images of wear debris. Computerized image analysis techniques were then used to quantify surface texture features of wear debris such as surface roughness parameters and surface texture index. The method developed from the present study was found to be feasible to quantity the surface characterization of nanoand micro-sized wear debris generated from artificial joints.     

各向异性曲面结构图形电磁计算

利用物理光学来分析各向异性曲面的散射场, 数值计算结果将突出显示各向异性材料产生的影响. 同时利用图形电磁计算(GRECO)方法实现对各向异性材料的曲面结构的电磁计算. 结果表明, 该方法是正确有效的, 具有重要的工程应用价值.     

Optical polymer thin films with isotropic and anisotropic nano-corrugated surface topologies

Light reflection from computer monitors, car dashboards and any other optical surface can impair the legibility of displays, degrade transmission of optical components and in some cases may even pose safety hazards. Antireflective coatings are therefore widely used, but existing antireflection technologies often perform sub-optimally or are expensive to implement. Here we present an alternative approach to antireflection coatings, based on an extension of our photo-aligning and photo-patterning technology for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) and liquid-crystal polymer films with smooth surfaces to optical polymer films with controlled surface topologies. Nano- and micro-corrugated topologies are shown to result from optically induced monomer phase-separation on the polymer surfaces. The properties of the resulting films make them suitable high-performance and low-cost antireflection coatings for optical components of virtually any size, shape and material. Moreover, the approach can be used to form a wide range of other functional polymer thin films with isotropic as well as anisotropic topologies. For example, films can be produced whose optical birefringence exceeds that of the birefringence of the polymer material itself. These new films can also be used as diffractive thin films, diffusers, and directional reflectors which preserve light polarization, or as substrates for aligning liquid crystals to produce bright, low-power-consumption LCDs with integrated optical functions and memory.     

矿物颗粒表面润湿程度的表征及应用

为表征矿物颗粒表面的润湿性,应用表面化学理论分析了润湿接触角、润湿热与润湿程度的关系,探讨了润湿程度的表征方法。结果表明：矿物颗粒润湿是自发过程,润湿类型决定润湿程度;润湿热与润湿接触角成反比,两者均可表征矿物颗粒的润湿程度。应用实例验证了润湿热表征矿物颗粒润湿程度和润湿过程的可行性,为科学研究和生产实际提供了技术理论支持。     

双疏水表面润湿和传热动力学研究

为实现润湿图案化的超疏水表面在航空电子设备散热中的应用,本文对液滴撞击双疏水表面(具有疏水性图案的超疏水基质)的润湿行为和传热特性进行了分析.通过使用高速相机和红外相机,我们获取了液滴铺展和回退阶段的动力学以及表面温度和热流量的相应空间分布.本文研究了液滴撞击超疏水、疏水和双疏水表面上的动态润湿和局部传热的差异.此外,本文还分析了表面温度和撞击高度对液滴撞击过程的影响.结果表明,所有表面在铺展阶段都具有相同的润湿特性和相似的传热行为.表面温度变化并不能对铺展阶段表面润湿特性产生较大的影响,液滴铺展时间与表面温度和撞击高度无关.在回退阶段,表面润湿特性的差异使得三个表面之间的传热特性明显不同.双疏水表面特殊润湿特性使得回退阶段液膜的接触线速度存在跳变现象,形成了许多小液滴,增加了接触面积,同时又兼具了超疏水表面的回弹特性.     

水氮调控对水稻叶片荧光参数影响的正交分析

为揭示水氮调控对水稻叶片荧光参数的影响,实现节水灌溉条件下水肥的高效利用,以盆栽水稻为研究对象,采用正交试验方法研究水氮调控对水稻叶片荧光参数的影响。结果表明:(a)施氮量N对水稻叶片荧光参数的影响最大;土壤水分W和控水阶段S的重要性相当,并列第2位。(b)以水稻叶片荧光参数最优为目标,确定各因素最佳水平,得出最佳试验组合为N3W2S2和N3S2W2,即高施氮量(300 kg/hm2),控制灌溉标准,拔节孕穗前期进行土壤水分控制。     

盐水液滴在砂岩表面润湿性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究NaCl对水滴在砂岩表面的微观润湿行为的影响。结果表明:NaCl能降低水对砂岩表面的润湿程度,强亲水的砂岩表面随NaCl质量分数的增大向弱亲水转化;水的润湿角随NaCl质量分数的增加而增大,在NaCl质量分数大于19.6%时则几乎不发生变化;粒子间的结合能垒远大于解离能垒,引起水分子聚集在Na+、Cl-周围而增强了盐水液滴的聚集能力,导致润湿角的增大;砂岩表面对水的相互作用能随着NaCl质量分数的增加而减少,但在质量分数大于19.6%时吸附能的变化不大,与润湿角的变化趋势一致。     

具有粗糙表面的TiC纳米线的制备和表征

采用碳热还原TiO2的方法,向TiO2和活性炭原料中加入一定比例的NaCl,通过氯化物辅助碳热还原过程,以Co@C纳米粒子为催化剂,取摩尔比为1∶4∶0.5∶0.1的TiO2、活性炭、NaCl和Co@C纳米粒子混合物,在1 350 ℃反应合成TiC纳米线.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM及EDS对产物进行物相、形貌、晶形及成分分析,结果表明,该产物为无定形CoO纳米包裹的单晶面心立方TiC纳米线.     

Fine mapping of an incomplete recessive gene for leaf rolling in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of genes controlling leaf rolling were conducted using two backcrossed generations （BC4F2, BC4F3） derived from a cross between QMX, a non-rolled leaf cultivar as a recurrent parent, and JZB, a rolled leaf NIL of ZB as a donor parent. Results indicated that leaf rolling was mainly controlled by an incompletely recessive major gene, namely rl（t）, and at the same time, affected by quantitative trait loci （QTLs） and/or the environment. A genetic linkage map was constructed using MAPMAKER/EXP3.0 with eight polymorphic markers on chromosome 2, which were screened by BAS method from 500 SSR markers and 15 newly developed insertion/deletion （InDel） markers. The position of rl（t） was estimated with composite interval mapping （CIM） method using WinQTLcart2.5. Gene rl（t） was mapped between markers InDel 112 and RM3763, and 1.0 cM away from InDel 112 using 241 plants in BC4F2 population. To fine map r（t）, one BC4F3 line with 855 plants was generated from one semi-rolled leaf plant in BC4F2. Four new polymorphic InDel markers were developed, including InDel 112.6 and InDel 113 located between markers InDe1112 and RM3763. Based on the information of recombination offered by 191 rolled leaf plants and 185 non-rolled leaf plants from the BC4F3 line ,we mapped r（t） to a 137-kb region between markers InDel 112.6 and InDel 113. Homologous gene analysis suggested that r（t）was probably related to the process of leaf development regulated by microRNA.     

人工光合成机理的时空分辨光谱研究进展

 综述了时空分辨光谱技术在人工光合成机理研究中的主要结果和最新进展，揭示了人工光合成中光生电子和空穴的分离、复合和反应等过程，利用成像光谱直接观测光生电荷的空间分布及其作用规律。时空分辨光谱的表征结果很好地解释了催化剂晶相、助催化剂的担载、相结结构的构筑、晶面调控等策略在光电催化过程中的作用机制。     

人工光合成机理的时空分辨光谱研究进展

综述了时空分辨光谱技术在人工光合成机理研究中的主要结果和最新进展,揭示了人工光合成中光生电子和空穴的分离、复合和反应等过程,利用成像光谱直接观测光生电荷的空间分布及其作用规律。时空分辨光谱的表征结果很好地解释了催化剂晶相、助催化剂的担载、相结结构的构筑、晶面调控等策略在光电催化过程中的作用机制。