MAKO机器人辅助下全膝关节置换术治疗伴有严重内翻畸形膝骨关节炎的早期疗效研究

目的:探讨MAKO机器人辅助下全膝关节置换术治疗伴有严重内翻畸形膝骨关节炎的疗效及可行性。方法:回顾性分析2021年6月至2022年3月采用MAKO机器人辅助行全膝关节置换术治疗内翻畸形>20°或伴有严重关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎患者13例(16膝),其中关节内畸形15膝,关节外畸形1膝,年龄50~80岁,平均(65.1±8.8)岁。记录手术时长、术中出血量、假体位置、冠状面下肢力线、并发症发生情况,比较患者手术前后膝关节活动度、膝关节协会评分(KSS),评估患者遗忘关节评分(FJS)及患者满意度。结果:所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3~10个月,平均(6.5±2.5)个月,手术时长(95±7)min,术中出血量(23±5)ml,假体位置:胫骨平台内翻0.13°±0.34°,胫骨平台后倾2.75°±0.86°,股骨假体屈曲3.13°±1.45°,股骨假体外旋2.38°±1.20°,股骨假体内翻2.28°±1.00°,冠状面下肢力线内翻3.63°±1.50°,膝关节屈曲9.38°±2.78°。术后切口均甲级愈合,1例出现下肢肌间静脉血栓。至末次随访,膝关节活动度由术前75.9°±11.4°提高至103.0°±5.5°,KSS功能评分由术前(47.2±6.1)分提高至(84.5±4.0)分,KSS膝关节评分由术前(41.9±3.6)分提高至(93.7±4.1)分(P均<0.05)。FJS评分平均(73.5±8.0)分,总体患者满意率(评分为4或5分)达到93.8%(15/16)。结论:机器人辅助膝关节置换可以提供个性化手术方案,术中实时反馈提供客观判断,治疗严重内翻畸形的膝骨关节炎可以获得令人满意的短期结果。     

伴有关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎行全膝关节置换术的治疗体会

背景：伴有关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎临床上并不常见,手术治疗难度较大,目前术式选择关节内代偿性截骨还是关节外截骨矫形后再行膝关节置换术尚存争议。目的：探讨伴有关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎行全膝关节置换术（TKA）的方法、适应证和疗效。方法：2001年4月至2007年2月行关节外截骨的TKA或关节内截骨的TKA治疗膝骨关节炎合并关节外畸形患者8例,男1例,女7例;年龄39~72岁,平均63.9岁。7例股骨畸形由骨折畸形愈合造成,1例胫骨畸形伴弓形股骨为代谢性骨病所致。结果：全部获得随访,随访时间为7~13年,平均11年。HSS评分从术前11~48分,平均34.5分,提高至术后76~94分,平均87.0分。下肢机械轴线由术前平均内翻偏移14.6°改善至术后平均内翻偏移2.1°。未见感染,骨延迟愈合、不愈合,血栓栓塞等并发症,中远期疗效良好。结论：伴有股骨关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎治疗难度较大,采用关节外截骨结合一期或二期TKA可有效恢复下肢机械轴线,获得满意的临床效果;如果关节内截骨的TKA使用传统手术器械,术后下肢机械轴线可能恢复不良。     

初次全膝关节置换术中长髓内柄的应用

目的探讨长髓内柄假体在初次全膝关节置换术中的应用和使用技术。方法自2005年1月至2007年1月，共有21例患者在初次全膝关节置换术使用长髓内柄增强固定。其中男6例，女15例，平均年龄67岁。患者中有12例为类风湿关节炎，6例为骨关节炎伴严重老年性骨质疏松，3例为骨关节炎伴严重内外翻畸形。髓内柄的使用包括股骨侧6例，胫骨侧6例，胫骨侧股骨侧均有9能结果手术平均时间为62min，术中平均出血量270ml，术后平均随访时间25个月。随访期内无假体松动的临床表现和影像学表现，无翻修患者。KSS关节评分，术前平均41．4分，术后平均91．1分，功能评分术前平均62．4分，最近随访时平均89．1分。术前膝关节活动度平均89°，术后膝关节活动度平均103°。术中出现1例股骨皮质穿透。结论初次全膝关节置换术中使用长髓内柄主要适用于伴有严重骨质疏松或骨皮质骨缺损的患者，合适的髓内柄和合适的技术是避免并发症的关键。     

非影像依赖型计算机辅助全膝关节置换术的初步临床观察

目的 探讨非影像依赖型计算机辅助全膝关节置换术的技术特点、学习曲线及早期临床疗效.方法 2007年8月至2008年5月应用非影像依赖型无线导航技术(导航组)辅助人工全膝关节置换术治疗KSS.A类患者19例22膝,男5例5膝,女14例17膝,平均年龄64.53岁;同期应用器械定位技术(非导航组)41例45膝,男11例12膝,女30例33膝,平均年龄66.34岁.两组患者术前一般资料、下肢力线和关节活动度无差异.比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后力线内或外翻偏差、早期关节最大屈曲角度及股四头肌功能恢复情况.结果 导航组手术时间比非导航组长,但随手术例数增加及经验积累呈逐渐下降趋势,实施5例手术后因导航技术增加的手术时间平均小于17 min.导航组出血量(555.26±152.66)ml,非导航组(647.56±146.61)ml,差异有统计学意义.导航组术后下肢力线内或外翻偏差角度平均1.159°±1.322°,非导航组2.489°±1.532°,差异有统计学意义.术后3天两组股四头肌功能不良发生率的差异有统计学意义.术后5天导航组患者伸膝迟滞均小于25°.结论 导航技术的应用可提高全膝关节置换术假体安放的准确性,学习曲线短,术后早期股四头肌功能恢复比传统定位技术快.     

人工膝关节表面置换治疗类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形的临床效果。方法选用后稳定型钴合金假体对21例类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,其中单侧膝关节置换5例,双侧膝关节置换16例,手术前后对患者的膝关节功能进行评分。结果随访1~5年,术前患者平均膝评分(22.84±6.06)分,平均功能评分(12.86±16.09)分;术后2周平均膝评分(70.16±2.71)分,平均功能评分(58.10±8.14)分;术后12周随访平均膝评分(86.14±3.12)分,平均功能评分(89.05±3.01)分。结论人工全膝关节置换术能显著纠正类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形患者膝关节的畸形,解除疼痛,改善患膝的功能。     

计算机导航人工膝关节置换术的临床结果

目的 回顾性分析计算机导航定位和软组织平衡辅助与传统髓内、外定位人工膝关节表面置换术的术后疗效,探讨计算机导航定位在关节外科手术中的安全性、可行性及有效性.方法 自2004年10月至2007年9月应用计算机导航定位与软组织平衡辅助行人工膝关节置换术77例107膝,男9例12膝,女68例95膝;年龄35～78岁,平均68岁.骨关节炎86膝,类风湿关节炎12膝,强直性脊柱炎8膝,化脓性关节炎致膝关节骨性强直1膝.同期行传统髓内、外定位人工膝关节表面置换术81例107膝,两组患者的原始疾病、年龄、HSS术前评分无统计学差异.比较两组术后力线、软组织平衡、并发症、膝平均出血量、膝平均手术时间.结果 手术切口均一期甲级愈合.术后2周膝关节活动度68°～110°,平均93°.全部病例随访3～25个月,平均16个月.导航组下肢力线误差、软组织平衡关节线角度变量、关节间隙距离分离变量都小于非导航组.导航组术中术后出血量(779.354±81.712)ml,与非导航组(786.612±82.764)ml比较差异无统计学意义;手术时间(83.643±12.235)min,与非导航组(64.844±11.281)min比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后2周导航组HSS改良评分(93±5.6)分,与非导航组(82±4.7)分比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组均未发生脂肪栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓,各有1例感染.结论 计算机导航技术用于膝关节表面置换,假体植入更精确,术后下肢力线和软组织平衡恢复更好.手术时间延长,但未增加出血量和感染的发生.     

严重屈曲畸形膝的人工膝关节置换术

目的 探讨病变晚期的严重屈曲畸形膝关节行人工全膝关节置换术的临床疗效.方法 自2007年6月～2010年5月行人工全膝关节置换术的严重屈曲畸形112例(173膝)为A组(术前膝关节屈曲畸形≥20°),并随机选出同期手术的术前屈曲畸形小于20°者150例(214膝)为B组,随访1年以上,观察各组膝关节活动度、KSS评分、WOMAC评分的变化.结果 术后所有患者的膝关节活动度、KSS评分及WOMAC评分和术前相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后A、B两组的活动度较术前分别增加了44.6°、22.6°,其中伸直活动度分别增加了25.3°、5.3°,屈曲活动度分别增加了19.3°、17.3°,KSS临床评分分别增加了69.0、45.8分,功能评分分别增加了33.5、32.5分,WOMAC疼痛评分分别减少了9.8、8.8分,僵硬评分分别减少了3.9、3.2分,功能评分分别减少了32.3、29.1分.结论 严重屈曲畸形的膝关节在关节置换术后能够获得很好的活动度和功能.     

计算机导航下全膝关节置换术对术中出血量及关节功能恢复的影响

目的:分析计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换术对膝骨关节炎患者术中出血量及术后关节功能恢复的影响。方法:自2015年2月至2017年12月,回顾分析经传统入路全膝关节置换术治疗的65例膝骨关节炎患者作为对照组,同期计算机导航下全膝关节置换术治疗的65例膝骨关节炎患者作为试验组。全部患者术前均表现出膝盖红肿痛、上下楼梯痛、坐起立行时腰部酸痛不适等临床症状,全部患者接受全膝关节置换术治疗,对照组仅为传统入路全膝关节置换,试验组在计算机导航系统下实施全膝关节置换。记录对比两组患者手术相关情况,包括手术时间、住院时间等;分别于术前、术后5 d检测并对比两组血红蛋白、红细胞比容变化情况;计算并对比两组失血情况及术后各时间点引流量,同时记录患者围术期异体输血率及平均输血量;分别于术前,术后6、18个月采用膝关节功能量表(KSS)评价患者膝关节功能恢复情况,同时记录术后感染、下肢静脉血栓等并发症发生率。结果:全部患者手术成功完成,术后伤口预后情况良好,患者均获得随访,随访时间平均18个月。试验组手术时间长于对照组,住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);术后5 d,两组血红蛋白、红细胞比容均较术前降低,但试验组降低不及对照组(P<0.05);试验组术中失血量、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后10、24 h引流量均少于对照组,异体输血率低于对照组,输血量少于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后各时点KSS评分均较术前升高,但试验组升高幅度高于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后均有并发症发生,组间并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在计算机导航指导下开展全膝关节置换术,较单一全膝关节置换虽延长了手术时间,但更利于减少患者围术期失血量,患者术后异体输血率降低,关节功能恢复情况理想,且并发症少,安全可靠。     

髁限制性膝关节假体治疗严重膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损

目的探讨髁限制性膝关节假体在膝骨关节炎严重内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损行全膝关节置换术中的应用及疗效观察。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2011年1月12例骨性关节炎严重膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损行髁限制性膝关节假体全膝关节置换术患者资料,术前负重位膝内翻畸形平均34°,胫骨平台内侧骨缺损为非包容性,依据AORI分型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,采用美国膝关节学会评分（knee society score,KSS）系统评估膝关节功能,包括膝评分和膝功能评分。结果本组均获随访,随访6～18个月,平均13个月,KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前（19.5±4.2）分、（16.2±5.4）分提高到术后（87.7±5.6）分、（85.4±8.3）分,分析术前及术后KSS膝评分及膝功能评分的差异有统计学意义。结论髁限制性膝关节假体全膝关节置换是治疗膝骨关节炎严重内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损的有效方法,术中采取适度的软组织松解及正确的截骨,针对胫骨平台内侧骨缺损选用组合式金属垫块及假体延长柄,适度增加关节的限制性,可以转移力学负荷,增加假体的稳定性,最终获得良好效果。     

全膝关节置换术中股骨内髁滑移截骨治疗伴有关节外畸形的膝内翻

目的：探讨股骨内髁滑移截骨术（medial condyle sliding osteotomy, MCSO）在全膝关节置换术中纠正患者内翻膝关节外畸形的临床疗效。方法通过回顾性研究2013年1月至2015年12月在第三军医大学附属西南医院关节外科中心于全膝关节置换术中采用MCSO在关节内纠正股骨侧的关节外内翻畸形的12例患者,统计该组患者手术前后的股骨远端外侧力线角（mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mLDFA）、髋-膝-踝（hip?knee?ankle, HKA）角、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分及美国膝关节协会（American Knee Society, AKS）综合评分系统中的膝评分和功能评分等,评价MCSO纠正关节外的内翻畸形的效果。结果本组患者随访6~40个月,无感染、骨折、假体松动、截骨不愈合等并发症发生。本组患者手术前后的mLDFA分别为117.4°±4.7°、91.6°±1.4°;手术前后的HKA角分别为167.2°±9.8°、179.6°±1.6°;手术前后的VAS评分分别为（6.4±1.1）分、（1.8±1.5）分;手术前后的AKS膝评分分别为（60.2±17.6）分、（92.6±9.4）分;手术前后的AKS功能评分分别为（69.4±21.3）分、（87.6±14.9）分。手术前后以上指标的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论在合并关节外畸形的内翻膝的关节置换手术中,采用MCSO技术可以正确纠正内翻力线,更容易实现伸屈间隙平衡,达到满意的手术疗效。能有效避免对膝关节后内侧和内侧组织结构的过度松解,从而避免单纯依赖软组织松解而导致的屈曲位内侧间隙松弛及髌股关节对位不良等问题。     

Simultaneous femoral osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty for treatment of osteoarthritis associated with severe extra-articular deformity

BACKGROUND: In the presence of large extra-articular deformity, complex imbalance of the collateral ligaments may result if standard techniques of soft-tissue releases and intra-articular bone resection are used during total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this paper is to review our experience with simultaneous corrective osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of severe extra-articular femoral deformity associated with ipsilateral osteoarthritis of the knee. METHODS: The results of simultaneous corrective osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty in eleven knees with osteoarthritis and associated extra-articular angular deformity of the femur were reviewed retrospectively. The femoral deformity resulted from fracture malunion in ten knees and from hypophosphatemic rickets in one. There were five primarily uniplanar deformities (four varus deformities and one antecurvatum deformity), five biplanar (varus and antecurvatum) deformities, and one triplanar (varus, antecurvatum, and internal rotation) deformity. Four knees were approached through a standard medial parapatellar arthrotomy and seven, through an anterolateral subvastus approach with an osteotomy of the tibial tubercle. The site of the femoral osteotomy was fixed with a blade-plate in seven patients, a press-fit long-stemmed femoral component in two, and a retrograde femoral nail in two. An extramedullary alignment system was utilized in eight patients, and intramedullary alignment was used in three. RESULTS: The duration of follow-up averaged forty-six months (range, twenty-six to eighty-eight months). According to the classification system of the Knee Society, the mean function score increased from 22 points preoperatively to 81 points at the time of follow-up and the mean knee score increased from 10 points preoperatively to 87 points at the time of follow-up. The mean flexion contracture decreased from 19 degrees preoperatively to 2 degrees at the time of follow-up. The arc of motion averaged 56 degrees (range, 30 to 75 degrees) preoperatively and 89 degrees (range, 65 to 115 degrees) at the time of follow-up. The mechanical alignment in the coronal plane was restored to within 2 degrees of normal in each patient. Ten femoral osteotomy sites healed, and one, in a patient treated with a press-fit long-stemmed femoral component, had not healed by the time of follow-up. All seven sites of the tibial tubercle osteotomies healed. There were no complete radiolucent lines at the prosthetic interfaces, and no total knee arthroplasty was revised. One patient had a nonfatal postoperative pulmonary embolism. As determined by clinical examination and the patients' assessment of function, no ligament imbalance was noted at the time of the most recent follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous femoral osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty is a technically difficult but effective treatment for patients with severe femoral deformity associated with ipsilateral osteoarthritis of the knee. We recommend that the femoral osteotomy site be secured with a plate or a locked intramedullary nail, depending on the location of the deformity and the subsequent osteotomy.     

Total knee arthroplasty for arthritis of the knee with extra-articular deformity

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous corrective osteotomy of angular deformity and total knee arthroplasty has been considered the treatment of choice for patients with arthritis of the knee associated with ipsilateral extra-articular deformity. However, this procedure is technically demanding, and the functional outcome of the total knee arthroplasty may be jeopardized if the osteotomy fails. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical results of total knee arthroplasty combined with intra-articular bone resection, without osteotomy, in patients with extra-articular deformity and arthritis of the knee. METHODS: Fifteen patients with arthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty with bone resection and soft-tissue balancing. All deformities had resulted from fracture malunion. There were ten uniplanar, three biplanar, and two triplanar deformities. The deformity was in the tibia in eight patients and in the femur in seven. The average angle of the femoral deformities was 15.1 degrees in the coronal plane and 8.1 degrees in the sagittal plane. Two femora had a rotational deformity, consisting of 20 degrees of internal rotation in one and 10 degrees of external rotation in the other. The average angle of the tibial deformities was 19 degrees in the coronal plane. RESULTS: The duration of follow-up averaged thirty-eight months. The average Knee Society knee score improved from 22.3 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at the time of the last follow-up, and the average Knee Society function score improved from 28.0 points preoperatively to 87.3 points at the time of the last follow-up. The average arc of knee motion improved from 77.7 degrees preoperatively to 103.7 degrees postoperatively. The average mechanical axis of the knee improved from 22.7 degrees of varus preoperatively to 0.3 degrees of varus at the time of the last follow-up. Two patients had an unsatisfactory clinical result, which was not related to the total knee arthroplasty. There were no complications such as infection, ligament instability, or component loosening. CONCLUSIONS: Total knee arthroplasty in conjunction with intra-articular bone resection is an effective procedure for patients with arthritis of the knee and extra-articular varus deformity of <20 degrees in the femur or 30 degrees in the tibia in the coronal plane.     

Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Arthritis With Extra-articular Deformity

Forty extra-articular deformities (22 femoral and 18 tibial) in 34 patients (mean age, 63.1 years) were studied. Mean coronal extra-articular deformity was 9.3°; mean preoperative limb alignment was 166.7°. Three limbs underwent simultaneous corrective osteotomy; the rest were treated with intra-articular correction during computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mean postoperative limb alignment was 179.1°. At a mean follow-up of 26.4 months, the Knee Society knee score improved from a mean preoperative score of 49.7 to 90.4 points postoperatively; function score improved from 47.3 to 84.9 points. Computer-assisted TKA is a useful alternative to conventional TKA for knee arthritis with extra-articular deformity where accurate restoration of limb alignment may be challenging because of the presence of a deformed tibia or femur or in the presence of hardware.     

一期全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎合并关节外畸形

 目的 探讨膝关节骨关节炎合并关节外畸形患者一期行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)的可行性及其疗效。方法 2006年6月至2010年4月对9例骨关节炎合并关节外畸形患者行一期TKA.男 2例, 女7例;年龄 34~69岁,平均 51岁。股骨侧畸形5例.胫骨侧畸形4例;除 1例畸形由发育不良引起外.其余 8例均由骨折畸形愈合造成。结果 术后随访时间 7~54个月,平均 29个月。 HSS评分从术前平均 18.7分(6~39分).提高到术后平均 89.8分(81~96分)。膝关节活动度由术前平均 46.7°(0°~100°).提高到术后平均 100.6°(85°~115°)。下肢力线由术前平均偏移 11.8°(2°~21°)减少到术后平均偏移 1°(0°~4°);未发现假体松动征象。除 1例患者随访发现截骨处延迟愈合外.其余患者均无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、膝关节不稳及髌骨问题等并发症。结论虽然伴有关节外畸形的膝关节骨关节炎患者一期行 TKA手术难度较大.但通过制定合理的手术方案可以取得与普通 TKA相似的手术效果。如果可行.推荐采用关节内代偿性截骨加软组织平衡术矫正畸形。     

Total knee arthroplasty after varus osteotomy of the distal part of the femur

BACKGROUND: There is little information in the literature regarding the outcome of total knee arthroplasty following distal femoral varus osteotomy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the intermediate-term results of total knee arthroplasty following distal femoral varus osteotomy. METHODS: The study group consisted of nine consecutive patients (eleven knees) who had had a total knee arthroplasty following varus osteotomy of the distal part of the femur. The average age of the patients was forty-four years (range, fifteen to seventy years) at the time of the arthroplasty. The results were evaluated with use of the Knee Society score preoperatively and after a mean duration of follow-up of 5.1 years. Radiographs made preoperatively and at the time of follow-up were evaluated for alignment in the coronal plane. RESULTS: The mean Knee Society knee score was 35 points before the arthroplasty and 84 points after the arthroplasty. The mean Knee Society function score was 49 points before the arthroplasty and 68 points after the arthroplasty. The mean interval between the femoral osteotomy and the total knee replacement was fourteen years (range, two to thirty-two years). A constrained prosthesis was required in five of the eleven knees. Two knees had an excellent result, five had a good result, and four had a fair result. The mean arc of motion improved from 81.8 degrees to 105.9 degrees. The mean radiographic alignment was 3.6 degrees of valgus (range, 7 degrees of varus to 18 degrees of valgus) before the arthroplasty and 3.3 degrees of valgus (range, 1 degrees of valgus to 6 degrees of valgus) at the time of the latest follow-up. There were no infections or wound complications. CONCLUSION: Total knee arthroplasty following distal femoral varus osteotomy decreases pain and improves knee function, but the procedure is technically demanding and is associated with inferior results when compared with those of primary arthroplasty performed in a patient without a prior femoral osteotomy. In the present series, the use of an intramedullary femoral alignment guide increased the tendency to place the femoral component in relative varus angulation (that is, in <5 degrees of valgus). We recommend checking the alignment of the femoral component with an extramedullary guide in knees that have had a previous distal femoral varus osteotomy.     

Computer-navigated TKA for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with extra-articular femoral deformity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of computed-navigated total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with extra-articular femoral deformity. Between January 2008 and June 2010, twelve patients (12 knees) with osteoarthritis combing extra-articular femoral deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty using the Stryker Navigation System 3.1 (Kalamazoo, Michigan), a wireless and imageless system. Average follow-up was 12.3 ± 8.2 months (range, 3-24 months). Full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs, knee range of motion, and Knee Society Score were obtained for all patients pre- and postoperatively. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 12.0 statistical software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Average preoperative overall mechanical axis of the 12 knees was -10.0° ± 4.4° of varus (range, -5° to -18.5°) and average postoperative mechanical axis was -0.9° ± 0.8° (range -2° to 0°). Average Knee Society Score increased from 40.8 ± 7.7 preoperatively to 94.9 ± 2.4 postoperatively, and average function score increased from 39.6 ± 12.3 preoperatively to 95.4 ± 4.0 postoperatively. Average knee range of motion improved from 83.7° ± 18.7° preoperatively to 115.0° ± 8.2° postoperatively. The results of the study showed that computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty may be a valuable option for patients with deformed femurs in which conventional instruments are difficult to use. Follow-up observation of the long-term therapeutic effect of computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty is still needed.     

One-stage total knee arthroplasty for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review our experience and study the feasibility and clinical results of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee with extra-articular deformity.

Methods

Nine patients with osteoarthritis of the knee associated with extra-articular deformity underwent one-stage TKA from June 2006 to April 2010. There were two men and seven women, with an average age of 51 years (range 34–69 years); four of them had tibial deformities and five had femoral deformities. Eight of the cases resulted from malunion after fracture healing and one from femoral recurvatum. Six of the cases had uniplanar and three had biplanar deformities. The average angles of the femoral deformities were 13.3° in the coronal plane (8–22) and 11.3° in the sagittal plane (6–15); one femur had 10° external rotational deformity. Tibial deformity of 16° in the coronal plane (11–22) was noted, and one had sagittal plane deformity of 21°.

Results

All patients were followed for an average of 29 months. The average Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score improved from 18.7 points pre-operatively to 89.8 points at the time of last follow-up; the range of knee motion improved from 46.7° preoperatively to 100.6° postoperatively. The average angle of mechanical axis deviation was restored from 11.8° preoperatively to 1° postoperatively. One of the patients had unsatisfactory clinical results due to delayed union at the osteotomy site. No complications such as infection, deep vein thrombosis, ligament instability, low level or subluxed/dislocated patella or component loosening were observed. One-stage TKA with intra-articular correction of the extra-articular deformity was performed in seven patients, included proper planning, appropriate bone cuts to restore alignment and the necessary soft tissue releases to balance the knee in flexion and extension. Two patients underwent simultaneous extra-articular correctional osteotomy and TKA because the deformity was so large. Five knees that had good collateral ligamentous stability and balance received a posterior stabilised prosthesis; four knees that had ligamentous instability received a constrained condylar knee (CCK) prosthesis.

Conclusions

One-stage TKA is a technically difficult but effective treatment for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity. If feasible we recommend TKA with intra-articular bone resection and soft tissue balancing.     

全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节的早期疗效分析

目的 评价人工全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节的疗效,探讨术中操作和术后康复的要点.方法 2005年2月至2009年4月,采用人工全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节患者23例34膝,男3例4膝,女20例30膝;年龄25～73岁,平均为56.9岁.临床评价指标包括美国特种外科医院评分(hospital for special surgery knee score,HSS)及关节活动范围,并统计术后并发症.结果 平均随访时间为32.2个月(24～40个月),无失访病例.HSS评分术前平均(42.9±5.2)分(24～66分),术后1个月时平均为(72.4±7.1)分(58～82分),末次随访时平均为(85.7±4.3)分(66～94分),较术前增加42.8分.膝关节屈伸活动范围术前平均为42.6°±5.7°(25°～50°),术后1个月时平均为80.2°±9.2°(60°～105°),末次随访时平均为89.2°±40.5°(60°～110°),较术前增加46.6°.12例16膝因术后活动范围不足90°,在术后3～8周进行静脉麻醉下的手法松解.末次随访时仍有6例8膝活动范围不足90°.结论 术中大范围的软组织松解、术后充分的肌力和活动范围训练是获得良好疗效的关键,对于术后关节活动范围不足的病例应及时采取静脉麻醉下的手法按摩松解.     

Lateral femoral sliding osteotomy lateral release in total knee arthroplasty for a fixed valgus deformity

We treated 13 patients who had a fixed valgus deformity of the knee with a semiconstrained total knee arthroplasty combined with advancement of the lateral collateral ligament by means of a lateral femoral condylar sliding osteotomy. At follow-up of between one and 6.5 years all patients were assessed using the Knee Society score. The mean knee score improved from 32 to 88 and the functional score from 45 to 73. The mean tibiofemoral angle was corrected from 191 degrees to 180 degrees. There was no postoperative tibiofemoral or patellar instability and, in most knees, distal transposition of the lateral femoral condyle achieved satisfactory stable alignment.     

Total Knee Arthroplasty After Failed Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy Using Selectively Stemmed Posterior Stabilized Components

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for progression of arthritis after distal femoral varus osteotomy. Twenty-two consecutive distal femoral varus osteotomies converted to TKA were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 2-14 years). Stemmed femoral or tibial components were used in 5 knees with poor bone quality, while the remaining 17 knees were treated with unstemmed components. The mean Knee Society knee and function scores in surviving knees were 91 points (range, 67-100 points) and 64 points (range, 50-70 points) respectively at final follow-up. Two patients underwent revision arthroplasty for polyethylene wear and component loosening at 8 and 11 years after the index arthroplasty, respectively. Standard components provide satisfactory stability in TKA after distal femoral varus osteotomy after appropriate ligamentous balancing, without the need for stemmed or highly constrained components in the majority of patients.