磺达肝癸钠在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入治疗围术期应用的安全性和有效性评价

目的评价接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者应用磺达肝癸钠的临床疗效、安全性及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2011年7月沈阳军区总医院STEMI患者1184例,其中接受PCI的患者为1098例（磺达肝癸钠组527例及依诺肝素组571例）,观察接受PCI的患者住院期间出血情况、院内再发心肌梗死发生率、冠状动脉病变特点及住院和随访期间（1个月）死亡率。结果接受PCI的磺达肝癸钠组与依诺肝素组比较：两组院内再发心肌梗死发生率[2.3%（12/527）比2.6%（15/571）,P=0.708]、出院30 d死亡率[4.0%（21/527）比4.9%（28/571）,P=0.387]差异无统计学意义,但磺达肝癸钠组院内大出血发生率显著降低[1.7%（9/527）比3.7%（21/571）,P=0.045]且差异具有统计学意义。磺达肝癸钠组中替罗非班组（PCI术中应用替罗非班）的血流TIMI分级Ⅲ级获得率显著高于标准治疗组（PCI术中未应用替罗非班）[94.5%（206/218）比79.0%（244/309）,P〈0.001],但出血发生率两组间差异无统计学意义[1.83%（4/218）比1.62%（5/309）,P=0.850]。两组住院及随访期间主要心血管事件发生率差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论磺达肝癸钠对STEMI患者行PCI是安全的,联合替罗非班可以显著改善PCI术后的冠状动脉血流及临床预后,并且降低院内大出血风险。     

常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶对急性STEMI的疗效

目的:探讨常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的溶栓效果与安全性。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年3月我院收治的经冠状动脉造影确诊为急性STEMI的患者112例。患者被随机均分为瑞替普酶组(仅接受常规剂量瑞替普酶治疗)和联合治疗组(接受常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶治疗)。观察比较两组患者溶栓治疗30min、60min和120 min后的梗死血管再通率和出血并发症发生率。结果:与瑞替普酶组比较,溶栓治疗30min、60min和120 min后,联合治疗组梗死血管再通率(30min:7.1%比25.0%,60min:26.8%比51.8%,120min:60.7%比82.1%)显著升高,P0.05或0.01。联合治疗组和瑞替普酶组均未出现颅内出血和泌尿道出血病例,且消化道出血(8.9%比7.1%)、牙龈出血(12.5%比8.9%)以及出血总发生率(21.4%比16.1%)均无显著差异,P均0.05。结论:与常规剂量瑞替普酶治疗比较,常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的溶栓效果更显著,且安全性等同瑞替普酶。     

国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶对ST段抬高型心肌梗死的溶栓疗效比较

目的 比较国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的溶栓效果.方法 回顾性分析100例STEMI患者,根据溶栓药物不同分为国产瑞替普酶治疗组52例,进口阿替普酶治疗组48例,比较两组患者再通率、心功能、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率、低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率、心脏骤停、心衰发生率的差别.结果 两组在再通率、心功能恢复、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率、低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率、心脏骤停发生率、心衰发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶治疗STEMI均有良好的疗效,但国产瑞替普酶使用简便、易操作,更适合在临床使用.     

磺达肝癸钠治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床观察

目的 评价磺达肝癸钠治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的疗效及安全性.方法 选择2009年10月至2011年3月本院确诊的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者86例,随机分为2组.其中一组患者在综合治疗基础上应用磺达肝癸钠2.5 mg皮下注射,每日1次,连用3～7 d;另一组在综合治疗基础上应用低分子肝素（LMWH）0.4 ml皮下注射,每日2次,连用3～7 d.观察两组治疗30 d内的心血管事件和出血发生率.结果 磺达肝癸钠组与LMWH组心血管事件（再发心绞痛、再发Q波性心肌梗死、死亡）发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;磺达肝癸钠组出血发生率明显低于LMWH组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 应用磺达肝癸钠治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死具有不劣于LMWH的疗效,而磺达肝癸钠还表现出更高的安全性.     

白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶在基层医院治疗心肌梗死后心绞痛的疗效分析

目的观察白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)后心绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法将190例STEMI患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组95例。两组一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均给予冠心病二级预防药物治疗及瑞替普酶溶栓治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予口服白藜芦醇20mg每日3次,连用4周,观察两组心肌梗死后心绞痛发生情况、疗效及安全性。结果观察组心绞痛发生率为23.16%,对照组心绞痛发生率为55.79%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶治疗STEMI患者,可以显著降低心肌梗死后心绞痛的发生率,不良反应少。     

瑞替普酶与阿替普酶在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的疗效比较

目的 研究瑞替普酶(r-PA)和阿替普酶(rt-PA)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗中的疗效及安全性.方法 选择2011年8月-2012年8月心内科收治的80例无溶栓禁忌证急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,按照随机分组原则,平均分为两组.瑞替普酶治疗组40例,给予静脉推注瑞替普酶.阿替普酶治疗组40例,给予先静脉推注后静脉泵入阿替普酶.溶栓治疗后观察患者溶栓再通时间、再通率、不良反应发生率、病死率等.评价两种药物的临床疗效和安全性.结果 瑞替普酶组与阿替普酶组临床资料情况相比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);r-PA组与rt-PA组血管再通率分别为85%和80%(P>0.05);在心肌损伤程度、改善心功能方面两药无统计学意义;安全性上两种药都有轻度出血,差异无统计学意义.结论 瑞替普酶与阿替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效及安全性相同,但瑞替普酶更经济、操作更简便、更适合临床使用.     

国产瑞替普酶和尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗死疗效分析

目的 观察国产瑞替普酶和尿激酶治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的疗效.方法 回顾性分析106例STEMI患者的临床资料.根据溶栓药物不同将患者分为瑞替普酶治疗组53例,尿激酶治疗组53例,比较两组患者的再通率、心功能、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率,以及低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率和心脏骤停、心衰发生率的差别.结果 国产瑞替普酶组在再通率、心功能恢复、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率及低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率,心脏骤停发生率和心衰发生率方面与尿激酶组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 国产瑞替普酶较尿激酶对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死有良好的疗效.     

冠心病PCI围术期使用磺达肝癸钠的临床分析

目的分析冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)围术期使用磺达肝癸钠的临床疗效和安全性。方法根据围术期是否使用磺达肝癸钠和低分子肝素(LMWH)情况将108例冠心病行PCI术的患者分成磺达肝癸钠组和LMWH组,比较两组患者术后胸痛、心肌梗死、出血发生率、血清CK-MB和TNT水平的差异。结果磺达肝癸钠组胸痛和心肌梗死发生率与LMWH组相似(P均>0.05)。两组血清CK-MB和TNT水平均未见统计学差异(P均>0.05)。磺达肝癸钠组出血发生率低于LMWH组(2.94%vs 12.16%,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析说明使用替罗非班(OR=5.14、95%CI 2.37～11.49、P<0.01)和经股动脉途径(OR=2.67、95%CI 1.79～7.36、P<0.05)是PCI出血的独立危险因素。结论冠心病PCI围术期使用磺达肝癸钠的临床疗效与LMWH相当并且出血率较低。     

非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者在介入治疗围术期应用磺达肝癸钠与那屈肝素的安全性和疗效比较

目的:在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)期间接受较高剂量普通肝素的非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者中比较磺达肝癸钠与那屈肝素的安全性和疗效。方法:298例NSTE-ACS患者在早期PCI的上游随机接受磺达肝癸钠(磺达肝癸钠组146例)或那屈肝素(那屈肝素组152例)。两组PCI期间接受普通肝素的剂量为7000~10000 U(120~140 U/kg),合用替罗非班时为5000~7000 U(85~100 U/kg)。主要安全性终点为住院期间严重和轻微出血以及PCI术后48 h内的严重穿刺部位并发症。主要疗效终点为住院期间死亡、新发心肌梗死和再次靶血管血运重建。结果:磺达肝癸钠组主要安全性终点发生率低于那屈肝素组(5.5%vs 7.2%,风险比:0.63,95%可信区间:0.30~1.30),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.67)。两组间严重出血发生率相似(2.7%vs 2.6%,P=0.96)。磺达肝癸钠组轻微出血发生率低于那屈肝素组(2.7%vs 4.6%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.39)。磺达肝癸钠组主要疗效终点发生率低于那屈肝素组(2.7%vs 4.6%,风险比:0.68,95%可信区间:0.21~2.64),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.59)。结论:在PCI期间接受较高剂量普通肝素的NSTE-ACS患者,围术期应用磺达肝癸钠与那屈肝素的安全性和疗效相当。     

磺达肝癸钠治疗出血高风险急性冠脉综合征患者的临床研究

目的:观察磺达肝癸钠治疗高风险出血急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的疗效及安全性。方法:根据CRUSADE积分标准筛选出血高危和极高危ACS患者150例,随机分为磺达肝癸钠组(n=50)、依诺肝素组(n=50)和未抗凝组(n=50),观察各治疗组的1个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及住院期间出血发生率。结果:磺达肝癸钠组与依诺肝素组1个月内MACE发生率无差异(9%对10%,P>0.05),未抗凝组MACE发生率较高(15%)。磺达肝癸钠组与未抗凝组住院期间出血发生率明显低于依诺肝素组(20%对10%,P<0.05)。结论:在出血高风险的ACS患者中,磺达肝癸钠可有效降低近期MACE发生率,而不增加出血发生率,比依诺肝素更安全。     

瑞替普酶与PCI治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者NT-proBNP及心室功能的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗和瑞替普酶溶栓治疗后对左心室功能与氨基末端脑钠肽前体（N—terminal pro—brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP）的影响。方法选择STEMI再灌注治疗成功的患者共60例,随机（电脑随机数字表法）分为PCI治疗组30例,瑞替普酶组30例,两组均于人院即刻、12h、24h、72h以及7d测定血浆NT—proBNP浓度,采用多普勒超声诊断仪测量治疗后3d、6个月的左心室舒张末内径（LVEDD）,左心室收缩末内径（LVESD）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果急诊PCI治疗组患者血浆NT—proBNP浓度较瑞替普酶组明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗6个月后,急诊PCI治疗组左心室舒张末内径、左心室收缩末内径、左心室射血分数较瑞替普酶组改善更为明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急诊PCI治疗和瑞替普酶治疗均能降低心肌梗死患者血浆NT—proBNP浓度,提高左心室射血分数,改善心室功能,但急诊PCI治疗效果更为明显。     

Effects of fondaparinux in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction not receiving reperfusion treatment.

AIMS: At least one quarter of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients do not receive reperfusion therapy, and these patients are at high risk for new ischaemic events. We evaluated fondaparinux treatment vs. usual care, i.e. placebo or unfractionated (UF) heparin, in a pre-specified subgroup of 2867 (out of 12 092) patients not receiving reperfusion treatment in the OASIS-6 trial. METHODS: In all, 1458 patients were randomized to fondaparinux 2.5 mg once daily subcutaneously up to 8 days and 1409 patients to usual care (control). Randomization was stratified by indication for UF heparin (stratum II, n = 1226) or not (stratum I, n = 1641) based on the investigator's judgment. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who suffered death or myocardial re-infarction at 30 days (primary outcome) was 12.2% in the fondaparinux vs. 15.1% in the control group, hazard ratio (HR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.98. There was no increase in severe bleedings, HR 0.82; CI 0.44-1.55, or strokes, HR 0.62; CI 0.29-1.33. Consequently, the composite of death, myocardial re-infarction, or severe bleeding were significantly reduced at 30 days, HR 0.81; CI 0.67-0.99. Reductions in death or myocardial re-infarction at 30 days were consistent in stratum I with fondaparinux vs. placebo, HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.65-1.19, and in stratum II with fondaparinux vs. UF heparin infusion for 24-48 h (n = 806), HR 0.74; CI 95% 0.57-0.97, P = 0.41 for heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: In STEMI patients not receiving reperfusion treatment, fondaparinux reduces the composite of death or myocardial re-infarction without an increase in severe bleedings or strokes as compared to placebo or UF heparin.     

Use of Anticoagulants in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients; A Focus on Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin

INTRODUCTION: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but given logistics, many patients are still managed with thrombolytics. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is recommended for routine use in STEMI patients treated with thrombolytics. However, other anticoagulants have been evaluated for use in STEMI patients treated with thrombolysis, including the low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs, enoxaparin, dalteparin, and reviparin), fondaparinux and bivalirudin. METHODS AND RESULTS: A review of the available randomized controlled study data shows that most evidence, in terms of number of trials and number of patients treated with anticoagulants in STEMI has accumulated for LMWHs. The use of enoxaparin and reviparin improves hard clinical efficacy endpoints although there is an excess of bleeding events. Trials with dalteparin have failed to demonstrate improvement in hard clinical efficacy endpoints compared with UFH. Enoxaparin is currently the only LMWH with FDA approval for use in STEMI patients and should be considered as a preferable alternative to UFH in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolysis.     

自制给药系统冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死再灌注疗效的影响

目的:观察急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)自制带侧孔球囊给药系统冠状动脉(冠脉)内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的疗效以及短期临床预后的影响。方法:53例接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者,随机分为经指引导管冠脉内注射替罗非班组(对照组,n=27)和经自制带侧孔球囊给药系统冠脉内注射替罗非班组(试验组,n=26)。对比不同给药方法对疗效的影响。结果:试验组未发生与自制带侧孔球囊相关并发症。两组在球囊扩张、血栓抽吸、注射替罗非班后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)3级血流、校正TIMI计帧数以及心肌染色分级0~1级例数的差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。住院期间两组各死亡1例。随访1年,两组各发生心力衰竭2例和再发心绞痛1例。结论:自制带侧孔球囊给药系统可以安全地应用于STEMI患者急诊PCI,经该系统冠脉内注射替罗非班对短期临床预后无明显影响。     

Angiographic outcomes in STEMI patients receiving fibrinolysis with guideline directed optimal antithrombotic therapy

STEMI is a major public health problem requiring timely reperfusion. Fibrinolysis remains prevalent reperfusion strategy where timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cannot be performed. Adjunctive antithrombotic agents are of utmost importance for maximizing the benefit of fibrinolysis. This prospective study evaluates the angiographic outcomes in STEMI patients receiving fibrinolysis with optimal antithrombotic therapy and reported TIMI 3 flow rates of 33.8% and 41.5% for streptokinase and reteplase respectively, that were significantly higher than various prior studies. This data reiterates the utility of thrombolysis in resource limited settings.     

Low-dose fondaparinux in suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the critically ill

BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is estimated to account for approximately 1 to 10% of all causes of thrombocytopenia. HIT exerts a strong procoagulant state. In case of suspected HIT, it is an important clinical decision to stop heparin and start treatment with alternative nonheparin anticoagulation, awaiting the results of laboratory testing for the final diagnosis of HIT (bridging therapy). Fondaparinux acts by factor Xa inhibition and expresses no cross-reactivity with HIT antibodies. Excretion of fondaparinux is mainly renal. We describe our early experience with fixed low-dose fondaparinux bridging therapy and monitoring of anticoagulant activity for safety reasons. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a closed format general intensive care unit in a teaching hospital. Consecutive critically ill patients suspected of HIT were treated with fondaparinux after discontinuation of unfractionated heparin or nadroparin. Anti-Xa levels were determined afterwards. RESULTS: Seven patients were treated with fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day for 1.8 to 6.5 days. Anti-Xa levels varied from 0.1 to 0.6 U/ml. A negative correlation was found between creatinine clearance and mean and maximum anti-Xa levels. No thromboembolic complications occurred. Bleeding complications were only minor during fondaparinux treatment. Transfusion requirements did not differ significantly between treatment episodes with fondaparinux or with heparin anticoagulants. CONCLUSION: In this small sample of critically ill patients suspected of HIT, bridging therapy with fixed low-dose fondaparinux resulted in prophylactic and therapeutic anti-Xa levels. Monitoring of anticoagulant activity is advised in patients with renal insufficiency.     

急性肺栓塞溶栓疗效及溶栓前后NT-proBNP的变化

目的:观察瑞替普酶对急性肺栓塞(APE)患者溶栓治疗的临床疗效及溶栓前后血浆N端B型尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法:42例符合溶栓治疗条件的APE患者给予瑞替普酶18mg+18mg静脉溶栓治疗,分别观察溶栓前及溶栓6h后患者临床表现、血浆NT-proBNP、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平,溶栓12～24h复查超声心动图、CT肺动脉成像或核素肺灌注显像,评价临床疗效。结果:血管再通患者37例(88.1%),其NT-proBNP浓度和肺动脉压力均较溶栓前显著下降[(8 672.4±201.7)pg/ml︰(1 559.8±23.5)pg/ml,(52.82±17.34)mmHg︰(38.13±12.32)mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa;均P<0.01)],且NT-proBNP浓度下降幅度与肺动脉压下降幅度、右心室/左心室比值密切相关(r分别为0.61、0.54);溶栓前后cTnT水平差异无统计学意义。血管未通患者5例,其溶栓前后NT-proBNP、cTnT及肺动脉压力差异无统计学意义。结论:瑞替普酶对APE患者进行静脉溶栓治疗有较好的临床疗效和安全性,且动态检测NT-proBNP浓度可作为评价溶栓再灌注成功与否的有效指标。     

The role of fondaparinux as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a subgroup analysis of the OASIS-6 trial.

AIMS: No antithrombotic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality when used with thrombolytics in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the OASIS-6 trial, fondaparinux significantly reduced mortality and reinfarction without increasing bleeding in 12 092 patients with acute ST elevation MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the results of a subgroup analysis in the 5436 patients (45%) receiving thrombolytics. According to local practice, 4415 patients did not have an indication for unfractionated heparin (stratum 1) and 1021 did (stratum 2). Fondaparinux reduced the primary study outcome of death or MI at 30 days [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.92] with consistent reductions in both mortality (HR and CI) and reinfarction (HR and CI). There was a non-significantly lower rate of stroke (HR 0.77, CI 0.48-1.25). The risk of severe bleeding was significantly reduced (HR 0.62, CI 0.40-0.94), and thus the balance of benefit and risk (death, MI and severe haemorrhage) was clearly reduced by fondaparinux (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.90). Results were consistent in the two strata, by the different types of thrombolytics and across various time intervals from symptom onset to treatment. CONCLUSION: In STEMI patients treated with thrombolytic agents (predominantly streptokinase), fondaparinux significantly reduced the risk of death, re-MI and severe bleeds.     

急诊应用瑞替普酶、重组链激酶溶栓治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床分析

目的 比较第三代静注溶栓药物瑞替普酶和重组链激酶对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效.方法 静脉溶栓治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者40例,其中瑞替普酶组22例,重组链激酶组18例,观察血管再通率、死亡率、心力衰竭及休克等并发症和出血不良反应.结果 瑞替普酶组和重组链激酶组的临床再通率分别为86.36%和66.66%,其中60 min及90 min再通率瑞替普酶组高于重组链激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).溶栓后30 d内再闭塞率、心力衰竭及梗死后心绞痛发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),死亡率分别为4.55%和5.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血发生率瑞替普酶组高于重组链激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 瑞替普酶、重组链激酶均适合急诊室内急性心肌梗死惠者的静脉溶栓治疗,瑞替普酶早期再通率高于重组链激酶.