包装饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌检测方法的比较分析

近几年随着生活节奏的加快,包装饮用水的消费量逐年增高,但其中铜绿假单胞菌的检出率较高,且危害性较大,因此包装饮用水中的铜绿假单胞菌检测至关重要.本文基于现阶段实验室所采用的细菌检测手段,阐述了生化水平、基因序列、蛋白指纹图谱等6类铜绿假单胞菌的检测方法,旨在对铜绿假单胞菌的快速分离及准确鉴定提供参考,从而更好地保障饮水...     

重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A含量SDS-PAGE检测方法的建立及验证

目的建立测定重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(recombinant exotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,r EPA)含量的SDSPAGE法,并进行验证。方法采用SDS-PAGE,经考马斯亮蓝R-250染色后,利用Image Lab软件分析获得目标蛋白条带光密度值,计算目标蛋白在待测样品中的含量。对建立的方法进行专属性、准确性和重复性验证,确定检测范围,并用建立的方法检测r EPA宿主湿菌体中r EPA发酵产量及r EPA宿主菌休克液柱层析纯化样品中r EPA含量。结果 r EPA含量在100~600μg/ml范围内与其对应条带的光密度值具有良好的相关性,决定系数在0.97以上。大肠埃希菌固有组分及纯化过程中常用的添加物对r EPA含量检测均未产生明显影响,专属性较好;用建立的方法检测500、300、150μg/ml r EPA样品10次的回收率分别为(102.32±4.18)%、(102.77±4.94)%和(95.04±16.41)%,CV值分别为4.08%、4.81%和17.27%。各批r EPA发酵产量为250~500 mg/L,三步柱层析纯化后,r EPA总回收率约为50%。结论建立了测定r EPA含量的SDS-PAGE法,该方法专属性、准确性和重复性良好,为r EPA生产工艺的优化奠定了基础。     

铜绿假单胞菌RhlR抗血清制备

目的在原核系统中表达铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)PAO1的调控蛋白RhlR,制备兔抗RhlR抗血清。方法构建重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-rhlR和pET-22b-rhlR并转化至大肠埃希菌BL21感受态细胞中,IPTG诱导表达GST-RhlR和His-RhlR蛋白,经GST或Ni~(2+)亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。将His-RhlR蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,制备RhlR抗血清,GST-RhlR蛋白包被ELISA板,检测效价。结果构建的表达载体pGEX-4T-1-rhlR和pET-22b-rhlR经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;构建的工程菌表达的目的蛋白His-RhlR和GST-RhlR相对分子质量分别为29 000和54 000,表达量均约占菌体总蛋白的85%,纯度大于90%。制备的RhlR抗血清效价可达1∶80 000。结论获得高效价的RhlR抗血清,为PA中rhl调控系统的研究奠定基础。     

26株铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物敏感性的体外研究

目的了解院内感染铜绿假单胞茵的耐药性变化情况,为临床诊治提供参考。方法收集2005年至2007年我院各科临床标本,分离培养铜绿假单胞茵并做药敏鉴定,分析其耐药性的变化。结果共检出26株铜绿假单胞茵。进行抗生素的耐药性检测,亚胺培南和哌拉西林、环丙沙星等抗生素的具有较强的抗菌作用,氨苄西林和头孢曲松为甚,其耐药率高达96.15%和84.62%。结论要加强对铜绿假单胞茵的耐药性检测并合理使用抗生素以延缓耐药菌株增加。     

聚合酶链式反应技术检测化妆品中的铜绿假单胞菌

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术建立了一种快速检测化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的方法。根据已报道的铜绿假单胞菌特异性基因ETA设计引物,确定引物的特异性和灵敏度;对染菌化妆品样品进行增菌检测。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物结果显示,仅在含有铜绿假单胞菌基因组的样品中得到条带;对染菌样品的扩增结果显示,可以在原样品的活菌浓度为6 cfu.mL-1时通过增菌12 h后检出。     

铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌可产生多种具有活性的次生代谢产物。综述了铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的种类、提取方法、合成方法、作用机制及用途,指出了研究中存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向,拟为铜绿假单胞菌次生代谢产物的科学研究提供参考。     

铜绿假单胞菌产抗菌代谢产物发酵条件的优化

以分离的铜绿假单胞菌作为实验菌株,以对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的抑制效果及菌体干重为评价指标,采用单因素实验、正交实验优化铜绿假单胞菌产抗菌物质的培养基组分和发酵条件。结果表明:优化的培养基组分为黄豆粉2.5 g·L~(-1)、大豆蛋白胨10 g·L~(-1)、磷酸氢二钠10 g·L~(-1),优化的发酵条件为接种量2%、初始pH值7、发酵时间96 h。     

铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A在生物制药中应用的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A,PEA)是该菌分泌的外毒素之一,通过催化细胞延伸因子2(elongation factor-2,EF-2)的ADP核糖基化,抑制蛋白合成,从而导致细胞死亡,在铜绿假单胞菌导致的感染性疾病中发挥重要作用。PEA强烈的细胞毒性特点使得该毒素成为免疫毒素的重要成分之一,已广泛应用于肿瘤的靶向治疗中。此外,由于PEA可与抗原提呈细胞表面的α₂巨球蛋白受体结合,通过胞饮作用进入胞内,辅助抗原的处理和提呈,可作为分子佐剂应用于各种疫苗的研发。本文对PEA在免疫毒素及疫苗佐剂方面应用的研究进展作一综述。     

重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A工程菌发酵及表达产物的纯化

目的建立稳定、高效表达重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(rEPA)的工程菌发酵及表达产物纯化工艺。方法规模化发酵表达rEPA的重组大肠杆菌rPE553D,离心收集菌体,渗透压调解使菌体周质间隙蛋白释放后,高速离心收集蛋白溶液。经DEAESepharoseFF、PhenylSepharose6FF疏水层析和SOURCE30Q强离子交换层析,超滤浓缩纯化rEPA。用HPLC、SDS-PAGE和Westernblot等方法检定生化和免疫学特性,并用小鼠和Vero细胞检定毒性。结果每55L培养基中rEPA产量超过4g,纯度在95%以上,细胞毒性降低了至少32000倍。其余各项指标均符合《中国生物制品规程》要求。结论已建立了收率高、纯度好、稳定、适合规模化生产rEPA的工艺。     

滤膜法和Pseudalert酶底物法检测饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌的比较

本文用滤膜法和Pseudalert酶底物法,检测定量质控、实际水样及水样中加标铜绿假单胞菌,对检测结果进行了分析比较.结果表明,两种方法结果具有一致性,酶底物法检测时间短,无需确认实验,操作简单,结果真实可靠.     

EGCG-Mediated Potential Inhibition of Biofilm Development and Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), one of the dangerous multidrug resistance pathogens, orchestrates virulence factors production through quorum sensing (QS). Since the exploration of QS inhibitors, targeting virulence to circumvent bacterial pathogenesis without causing significant growth inhibition is a promising approach to treat P. aeruginosa infections. The present study has evaluated the anti-QS and anti-infective activity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive ingredient of the traditional green tea, against P. aeruginosa. EGCG showed significant inhibitory effects on the development of biofilm, protease, elastase activity, swimming, and swarming motility, which was positively related to the production of C4-AHL. The expression of QS-related and QS-regulated virulence factors genes was also evaluated. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that EGCG significantly reduced the expression of las, rhl, and PQS genes and was highly correlated with the alterations of C4-AHL production. In-vivo experiments demonstrated that EGCG treatment reduced P. aeruginosa pathogenicity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). EGCG increased the survival of C. elegans by 23.25%, 30.04%, and 36.35% in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study strongly suggest that EGCG could be a potential candidate for QS inhibition as an anti-virulence compound against bacterial infection.     

绿脓杆菌无细胞菌苗的研制

作者从绿杆菌粘液中提取抗原制备无细胞菌苗,该菌苗主要由蛋白、多糖和核酸组成,具有低毒性、免疫剂量小(40μg/只小鼠)和产生抗体效价高(>1∶2560PHA 法)等优点。生产工艺简便、稳定,适宜于较大规模生产。     

The Antimicrobial Peptide Gad-1 Clears Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms under Cystic Fibrosis Conditions

Bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are an emerging health issue and lead to a premature death. CF is a hereditary disease that creates a thick mucus in the lungs that is prone to bacterial biofilm formation, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. These biofilms are very difficult to treat because many of them have antibiotic resistance that is worsened by the presence of extracellular DNA (eDNA). eDNA helps to stabilize biofilms and can bind antimicrobial compounds to lessen their effects. The metallo-antimicrobial peptide Gaduscidin-1 (Gad-1) eradicates established P. aeruginosa biofilms through a combination of modes of action that includes nuclease activity that can cleave eDNA in biofilms. In addition, Gad-1 exhibits synergistic activity when used with the antibiotics kanamycin and ciprofloxacin, thus making Gad-1 a new lead compound for the potential treatment of bacterial biofilms in CF patients.     

BSA Hydrogel Beads Functionalized with a Specific Aptamer Library for Capturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Serum and Blood

Systemic blood stream infections are a major threat to human health and are dramatically increasing worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a WHO-alerted multi-resistant pathogen of extreme importance as a cause of sepsis. Septicemia patients have significantly increased survival chances if sepsis is diagnosed in the early stages. Affinity materials can not only represent attractive tools for specific diagnostics of pathogens in the blood but can prospectively also serve as the technical foundation of therapeutic filtration devices. Based on the recently developed aptamers directed against P. aeruginosa, we here present aptamer-functionalized beads for specific binding of this pathogen in blood samples. These aptamer capture beads (ACBs) are manufactured by crosslinking bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an emulsion and subsequent functionalization with the amino-modified aptamers on the bead surface using the thiol- and amino-reactive bispecific crosslinker PEG₄-SPDP. Specific and quantitative binding of P. aeruginosa as the dedicated target of the ACBs was demonstrated in serum and blood. These initial but promising results may open new routes for the development of ACBs as a platform technology for fast and reliable diagnosis of bloodstream infections and, in the long term, blood filtration techniques in the fight against sepsis.     

Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by a Novel Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Isolate ADMT1

Several biosurfactant‐producing bacterial strains were isolated from petroleum‐contaminated soil. The isolate ADMT1, identified as a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was selected for further studies on the basis of oil displacement test and emulsification index (E24). The optimal parameters for production, determined by employing Box–Behnken design, were temperature 36.5 °C and pH 7. The environmental isolate ADMT1 produced significant amount of biosurfactant (1.7 g L^?1 in 72 h) in minimal salt medium (MSM) using dextrose as the sole carbon source. The E24 value and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the biosurfactant was 100% and 150 mg L^?1, respectively. At CMC, the surface tension of water was reduced to 28.4 mN m^?1. The biosurfactant exhibited hemolytic activity and antibacterial activity against 8 reference strains of pathogenic bacteria, including 2 methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA ATCC 562 and MRSA ATCC 43300), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.4 and 0.2 mg mL^?1, respectively. The structure of biosurfactant was characterized by FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. 7 di‐rhamnolipid (RL) congeners were identified in the biosurfactant by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The major congeners, which constituted 67% of the RL mixture, included Rha‐Rha‐C₁₀‐C₁₀, Rha‐Rha‐C₁₂‐C₁₀, and Rha‐Rha‐C_12:1‐C₁₀. The minor congeners were Rha‐Rha‐C₁₀‐C₈, Rha‐Rha‐C_10:1‐C₁₀, Rha‐Rha‐C₁₀‐C_14:1, and Rha‐Rha‐C₁₀‐C₁₄. The congener Rha‐Rha‐C₁₀‐C₁₄ is being reported for the first time from any species of Pseudomonas. The high surface activity and E24 value make the ADMT1‐RL a potential candidate for its use in detergents, environmental bioremediation, and as an emulsifier in the food industry.     

Directed evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase for improved amide-hydrolyzing activity

A lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was subjected to directed molecular evolution for increased amide-hydrolyzing (amidase) activity. A single round of random mutagenesis followed by screening for hydrolytic activity for oleoyl 2-naphthylamide as compared with that for oleoyl 2-naphthyl ester identified five mutants with 1.7-2.0-fold increased relative amidase activities. Three mutational sites (F207S, A213D and F265L) were found to affect the amidase/esterase activity ratios. The combination of these mutations further improved the amidase activity. Active-site titration using a fluorescent phosphonic acid ester allowed the molecular activities for the amide and the ester to be determined for each mutant without purification of the lipase. A double mutant F207S/A213D gave the highest molecular activity of 1.1 min(-1) for the amide, corresponding to a 2-fold increase compared with that of the wild-type lipase. A structural model of the lipase indicated that the mutations occurred at the sites near the surface and remote from the catalytic triad, but close to the calcium binding site. This study is a first step towards understanding why lipases do not hydrolyze amides despite the similarities to serine proteases in the active site structure and the reaction mechanism and towards the preparation of a general acyl transfer catalyst for the biotransformation of amides.     

Potent and selective synthetic modulators of a quorum sensing repressor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified from second-generation libraries of N-acylated L-homoserine lactones

Bacteria can coordinate group behavior using chemical signals in a process called quorum sensing (QS). The QS system in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is largely governed by the LasR receptor and its cognate chemical signal, N-(3-oxo)-dodecanoyl L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL). LasR also appears to share this signal with an orphan LuxR-type receptor in P. aeruginosa, termed QscR, which represses LasR activity. Non-native molecules that modulate QscR would represent valuable tools to study the role of this novel QS repressor protein in P. aeruginosa. We performed a critical analysis of previously identified, non-native N-acylated L-homoserine lactone (AHL) activators and inhibitors of QscR to determine a set of structure-activity relationships (SARs). Based on these SAR data, we designed, synthesized, and screened several second-generation libraries of AHLs for new ligands that could target QscR. These studies revealed the most active AHL agonists and antagonists of QscR reported to date, with activities ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar in a QscR bacterial reporter strain. Several of these AHLs were highly selective for QscR over LasR and other LuxR-type receptors. A small subset of the new QscR activators, however, were also found to inhibit LasR; this demonstrates the exciting potential for the synergistic modulation of these integral P. aeruginosa QS receptors by using a single synthetic compound.     

Structural Considerations for Building Synthetic Glycoconjugates as Inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectins

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, responsible for a large portion of nosocomial infections globally and designated as critical priority by the World Health Organisation. Its characteristic carbohydrate-binding proteins LecA and LecB, which play a role in biofilm-formation and lung-infection, can be targeted by glycoconjugates. Here we review the wide range of inhibitors for these proteins (136 references), highlighting structural features and which impact binding affinity and/or therapeutic effects, including carbohydrate selection; linker length and rigidity; and scaffold topology, particularly for multivalent candidates. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, which build on targeting of LecA and LecB, such as anti-biofilm activity, anti-adhesion and drug-delivery, with promising prospects for medicinal chemistry.     

Exopolymer produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A super sorbent for ruthenium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolymer was found to have a sorption capacity of 196.3 mg/g at 100 µg/mL of ruthenium, pH 2.8, and 30 min, which is 5–10 times higher compared to the earlier reports. Uptake mechanism was deduced using sorption studies and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, proton-induced X-ray emission, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Shrinking and volume change were observed in the morphology of the exopolymer upon ruthenium uptake. During biosorption, occurrence of ion exchange and involvement of carboxyl, ether, and alcoholic functional groups were noted. Biopolymer was found to be a potential sorbent for soluble radionuclide removal during nuclear fuel reprocessing and hazardous waste disposal.