气相射流点火天然气发动机的燃烧及排放特性

射流点火是实现稳定的稀薄燃烧,大幅度提升发动机热效率的有效技术途径。该文利用设计的一种射流点火器,对气相射流点火(GJI)的燃烧开展研究,揭示了主动式射流点火(射流室内有补充燃料)和被动式射流点火(射流室内无补充燃料)的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明:相比于被动式射流点火,主动式射流点火将过量空气系数拓展至2.0,热效率提升1.5%;进一步引入废气再循环(EGR)后,热效率提升至44.5%。主动式射流点火时,最高热效率点NOx排放较被动式射流点火下降低66%,THC及CO排放的增加使燃烧效率降低3%;引入EGR后,NOx进一步降低79%,燃烧效率保持稳定在96%。     

Combustion development of a Bi-Fuel engine

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.     

Combustion stabilization of a spark ignition natural gas engine

Natural gas is very different from liquid fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, in ignition characteristics, mixture formation process, combustion speed and so on. These characteristics greatly influence the cycle variation in the engine. The influence on lean-burn combustion is larger than that on stoichiometric combustion and the influence has not yet been sufficiently studied. In this paper, several factors for the stabilization of combustion of spark ignition natural gas lean-burn engines are clarified by means of experimental investigations using such parameters as ignition condition, swirl and compression ratio.     

一种天然气发动机尾气净化技术路线探索

为使天然气发动机满足现阶段排放要求,主流企业均采用当量燃烧+EGR+TWC技术路线,文章通过研究一种提高天然气发动机进气量的燃烧及相应的尾气净化技术,同样可以满足排放要求,且发动机无需EGR,结构简单,气耗更低,同时有效降低整车热负荷,为重型天然气发动机满足更高排放要求提供新的解决思路.     

稀燃汽油机降低NOx排放技术方案分析研究

采用吸附还原催化转化器和三效催化转化器的不同组合,对一台改装的16气门电控燃油喷射稀燃汽油机进行了降低富氧下NOx排放的实验研究。结果表明：三效催化转化器位于吸附还原催化转化器之前的布置方案具有较好的降低稀燃汽油机NOx排放的效果。     

Scavenging a sub-chamber type CNG fueled engine

The sub-chamber type gasoline engine was suggested to be a type of clean engine, but the presence of residual gas in the sub-chamber was a serious fault. In this experimental study, the CNG direct injection method was applied to scavenge residual gas from the sub-chamber. The CVC (constant volume chamber) is divided into the sub-chamber and main-chamber and used as the main experimental apparatus. Because each combustion chamber of the CVC has an injector, the injector can be used freely, at the same time or individually. Therefore, the scavenging efficiency can be improved by changing injection times for the sub-chamber. The experimental results demonstrated that when all the fuel was injected into the sub-chamber, the combustion duration was shortened by 30% compared to that of injection into the main-chamber. Although residual gas was observed in the CVC, when the frequency of injections into the sub-chamber increased, good combustion characteristics were obtained.     

内燃机燃烧过程光纤传感器光电探测技术的研究

论述内燃机燃烧过程新型光纤传感器光电探测技术研究的初步成果，介绍光探测系统的主要构成及其在燃烧探测中的应用。研究表明，光纤探测系统对实现燃烧过程的燃烧时间、爆震、循环稳定性、温度及燃烧产物成分等多项燃烧特征的准确测量向步探测意义重大，光纤传感器是探测能力宽和具有良好发展应用前景的内燃机燃烧分析测试传感器。     

内燃机万有特性试验曲线的绘制

使用同一组数据，由不同的试验人员绘制内燃机的万有特性曲线时，将使曲线的形状存在着差异。为尽量减小这种人为因素所造成的误差，提高试验精度，介绍了一种绘制内燃机万有特性曲线的方法。提出了原始特性曲线的概念，并分析了它对万有特性曲线的影响。     

准均质充气压缩点火燃烧的模拟和试验研究

利用单区模型，结合详细化学反应动力学机理，模拟了DMM燃烧时的缸内压力和NO浓度及几种基团的浓度变化曲线；并将上述计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明该模拟能准确预测着火时间，并能合理预测缸内压力峰值和NO浓度变化趋势。利用该模型能指导优化发动机参数，更有效地组织发动机的燃烧过程。     

TJ376Q二气门汽油机准均质稀混合气燃烧实验研究

本文对夏利TJ376Q汽油机进气系统进行了改造，大大提高了涡流和滚流比，强化空气运动的结果有利于组织燃料在缸内的浓度分布，从而为在二气门汽油机上实现稀燃烧打下基础；原发动机油器式供油系统被改为电控气道内燃油喷射系统。在此基础上，采用了两次燃油喷射技术。通过对这两次喷油时刻、喷油量的分别调节，在缸内形成精细分层的混合气即所谓准均质混合气，从而优化了油耗和排放指标，成功地在产品二气门汽油机上实现了稀薄燃烧。     

过量空气系数对天然气发动机燃烧及排放的影响

研究了过量空气系数(λ)对天然气发动机燃烧及排放的影响。研究结果表明,当λ>1.2时,随着其不断加大,滞燃期和主燃期变长,放热率降低,NOx排放减少,CO和HC排放增多,发动机的热效率降低,比气耗加大;稀薄燃烧天然气发动机的各个工况都存在最佳的过量空气系数值,在该值下,发动机的NOx、CO和HC排放及比气耗都较低,排气温度很低,发动机经济性和可靠性最佳。     

Combustion and emission characteristics of BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy for different injection delay and EGR rate in a diesel engine

The purpose of this study is to understand the operational characteristics of a diesel engine that uses BD20 reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation. In particular we study the effects of tuning injection delay and EGR rate. BD containing about 10% oxygen has attracted attention due to soaring crude oil prices and environmental pollution. This oxygen decreases soot by promoting combustion, but it also increases NOx. To solve this problem, injection timing may be delayed or an EGR system may be applied. These adjustments normally lower engine power and increase exhaust emission but, in using fuel reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation (which is changed physically and chemically to promote combustion), we may hope to circumvent this problem. To control the duration of the ultrasonic energy irradiation, the capacity of the chamber in an ultrasonic energy fuel supply system was tested at 550cc and 1100cc capacities. As for the results of the experiment, we could identify the optimum EGR rate by investigating the engine performance and the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to the injection timing and the EGR rate while ultrasonically irradiated BD20 was fed to a commercial diesel engine. With UBD20 (at an injection timing of BTDC 16°), the optimum EGR rate, giving satisfactory engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics, was in the range of 15∼20%.     

柴油机燃用乙醇柴油燃料的燃烧与排放特性

对燃用多种比例乙醇柴油的柴油机燃烧与排放特性进行了试验研究。测试了5％～25％乙醇柴油燃料以及柴油和乙醇的基本物理性质，在ZS1100柴油机上对各种比例的乙醇柴油测试了发动机在主要工况下的性能与排放特性，并用光学可视化方法研究了柴油、15％乙醇柴油、15％乙醇柴油加十六烷值改进剂的燃烧过程。对试验进行了分析。     

HCCI发动机燃用MTBE/正庚烷混合燃料的燃烧和排放特性的研究

对正庚烷及其与不同比例甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的混合燃料在高速4缸柴油机上进行单缸HCC I燃烧排放试验。试验结果表明,随着MTBE比例的增加,混合燃料的HCC I燃烧低温反应弱化并延迟,进而导致整个HCC I高温阶段燃烧被抑制,燃烧相位延迟,因而MTBE添加具有拓展正庚烷HCC I燃烧负荷的潜力。     

柴油-天然气双燃料重卡简介及市场前景分析

通过分析国内天然气行业现状和天然气重卡销售情况,认为目前发展柴油-天然气双燃料重卡更符合我国国情。该双燃料重卡突破纯天然气汽车续驶里程限制,不仅降低运营成本而且节能环保,在技术性能、二手车买卖、应用前景等方面更具市场推广价值。     

天然气发动机最高转速准均质压燃特性的研究

就国产6110增压中冷发动机燃烧天然气的一些性能进行了研究。在压缩终了被少量柴油引燃的均匀天然气混合气的燃烧接近均质压燃燃烧过程。采用了发动机缸内分析以及相应工况的排放测试对比分析方式，对发动机的燃烧特性进行了试验研究。     

不同辛烷值参比燃料HCCI燃烧特性的试验研究

对不同辛烷值基本参比燃料及其混合物在高速4缸柴油机上进行单缸HCCI燃烧试验,研究了燃料辛烷值、发动机冷却水温度、进气温度以及冷EGR率对HCCI发动机燃烧特性和排放特性的影响。结果表明;在同一当量比下,随燃料辛烷值增大,着火时刻推迟,燃烧放热速率降低,HC和CO排放增大。HCCI燃烧随负荷的增大、EGR牢的减小、进气温度和冷卸水温度的升高,着火时刻提前,燃烧放热速率加快。     

Improvement of performance and exhaust emission characteristics in gas engine by heat release control

By either multiple direct injections coupled with an individual ignition or multiple ignitions in a premixed charge, the combustion process can positively be changed. The experimental results show that the heat release rate is changed widely depending on the flame ignition timing, and the possibility to bring about a preferable combustion could be shown. Numerical simulations of the cycle performance are carried out using a specially developed numerical simulator, involving the multi-zone combustion models. The results of the calculation using the multi-zone model show that a significant amount of NO_x appears in the zone formed in the early combustion stage.     

直喷式柴油机燃烧室形状对气流运动及其排放特性的影响

利用AVL公司的FIRE软件，对缩口直喷式柴油机燃烧室内的流场进行了模拟计算，分析了不同燃烧室形状对流场分布及对燃烧室涡流强度的影响，同时对柴油机的排放特性进行了对比试验研究。结果表明，不同燃烧室形状对气流的运动影响明显，通过合理控制燃烧室内的气流运动特性，可有效地改善CO、HC及NOx的排放特性。     

超高能点火装置的开发及其在稀薄混合气点火中的应用

开发了一套超高能点火装置，其点火能量比传统火花塞点火系统高3～4个数量级。实验结果表明：对于超高能放电，放电持续时间随着电极放电端面积的增大、电极之间距离的减小、放电电压的增大而缩短；超高能放电能扩展稀燃极限，在常温常压下将预混合气的过量空气系数扩展0．6个单位。