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功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorder,FAD)是最常见的语言障碍[1],患儿常因语音不清造成人际交往困难和一系列情绪及行为问题。目前国内有关FAD的研究较少,对FAD儿童感觉统合能力的研究尚未见报道。为探讨FAD儿童的感觉统合能力发展水平及其在FAD发生中的作用,我们对FAD患儿和正常儿童进行了感觉统合能力的对照研究,现将结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象病例组:以2005-01—2006-06来我院发育儿科就诊的以吐字不清为主诉的6~12岁儿童为研究对象,符合FAD诊断标准者共38例,其中男35例,女3例。FAD的诊断依据日本听力言…     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate alterations of circulating levels of the inflammatory markers— reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation—in the fetal growth restriction??FGR??fetuses and newborns??and explore its possible relation ship with adverse intrauterine development. Methods??Sixty parturients??hospitalized in Shengjing hospital of China Medical University??giving consecutively birth either to 30 appropriate for gestational-age??AGA?? singleton infants ??AGA group ?? or 30 FGR full-term singleton infants ??FGR group????were recruited.Plasm hs-CRP??PAI-1??S100B and leptin levels were determined by enzyme link immune assay??ELISA??in the umbilical cords blood ??UC ?? and venous blood from neonates on postnatal day 1 ??D1?? and day 4??D4??. Results??The birth weight??body length and the body mass index ??BMI?? of the FGR neonates were significantly lower compared with those of AGA group ??P < 0.05??.The leptin levels of UC in the FGR neonates were lower than that in the AGA groups??P < 0.05????and correlated positively with the birth weights and the BMI??P < 0.05??.Plasma hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05??.hs-CRP levels in Umbilical cords blood were significantly decreased when compared with D1 hs-CRP in both AGA and FGR groups ??P < 0.05????and D1 hs-CRP was significantly increasedwhen compared with respective D4 hs-CRP??P < 0.05??.Plasma PAI-1 and S100B levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05????and did not correlated with the birth weights and the BMI. Conclusion??Despite the lower birth weight??BMI and leptin levels in FGRs?? there was no difference for the levels of inflammatory markers hs-CRP and PAI-1 between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates.The CRP level in both studied groups fluctuated from fetus to neonate stage might attribute to parturition stress and adaptation recovery.     

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目的探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)、常规磁共振成像(MRI)在新生儿低血糖性脑损伤不同阶段的动态变化。方法回顾分析了2005年9月至2008年9月,中国医科大学附属盛京医院新生儿科收治的经MRI确诊的20例低血糖性脑损伤患儿(病例组)的临床资料,并随机选取同期住院MRI正常的20例单纯性低血糖患儿为对照组。结果病例组平均最低血糖值低于对照组(P<0.01),低血糖持续时间长于对照组(P<0.01)。病例组于低血糖发生后3.8(1～11)d完成首次MRI检查,受累部位主要为枕叶11例、枕顶叶8例,顶叶1例,受累部位在DWI均表现为高信号,常规MRI相应部位12例表现为T1加权成像(T1WI)、T2加权成像(T2WI)正常信号,仅6例表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号;11例于首次检查后11.4(8～15)d完成第2次MRI检查,首次检查受累部位DWI7例转为正常信号,4例低信号,常规MRI均表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。3例于6个月随访,提示枕叶DWI正常信号,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。结论新生儿低血糖性脑损伤早期DWI表现为异常高信号的部位,与晚期常规MRI表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号的部...     

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目的探讨氨溴特罗口服液改善毛细支气管炎患儿气道功能的疗效影响。方法将2009年11月至2010年9月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心93例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组(氨溴特罗口服液组)和对照组。观察两组患儿治疗前后潮气呼吸流速-容量环(TBFV)的形态改变以及肺功能各项指标的变化。结果两组患儿治疗前TBFV环均变窄,呼气曲线升枝陡峭,高峰提前,降枝呈波谷样凹陷;治疗后明显好转。两组患儿治疗前各项主要参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿治疗前后比较:呼吸频率(RR)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、呼吸系统阻力(Rrs)、每千克体重功能残气量(FRC/kg)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);每千克体重潮气量(VT/kg)、吸呼比(TI/TE)、呼气达峰时间(TPTEF)、达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)、呼气达峰容积(VPTEF)、达峰容积比(PFV)、呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/呼气峰流速(25/PF)、潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI)、每千克体重顺应性(Crs/kg)均增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。其中治疗组与对照组比较,反映大小气道阻塞主要指标PFV、25/PF、ME/MI及肺顺...     

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??Abstract?? Objective To study the application of ambulatory electrocardiography to screen obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome ??OSAHS?? in children was evaluated by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability ??HRV??. Methods Totally 100 individuals underwent polysomnography and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography simultaneously. Identify appropriate boundary of HRV parameters to diagnose OSAHS by using ROC curve. Evaluate the feasibility of screening for OSAHS by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of HRV. Results SDNNall day?? SDANNall day?? PNN50night?? PNN50day-night and LF/HFnight were significantly different in OSAHS group as compared with non-OSAHS group. Thresholds were set at SDNNall day≤95.5 ms?? SDANNall day≤80.5 ms?? PNN50night≤24.6?? LF/HFnight≥0.845 and absolute PNN50day-night≤24.55 by using the ROC curve. The area under ROC curve ??AUC?? could reach 0.695 by uniting 5 parameters. Conclusion Time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of HRV is a useful method for OSAHS screening.     

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??Objective??To study the mixed infections in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia ??CAP??. Methods??We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of CAP patients admitted to Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to December 2015. Samples were tested for multiple pathogens.Results??One or more pathogens was detected in 647??76.5%?? of 846 cases??34.63?? cases were considered mixed infection. The rates of mixed infection in ??6-month????1-year????3-year????5-year?? ≥5-year group were 24.2%??43.5%??43.8%??36.8% and 27.3% respectively. The most frequent combinations of pathogens were those of virus plus bacteria in ??6-month and ??1-year group??virus plus MP in ??3-year and ≥ 5-year group?? and MP plus bacteria in??5-year group??Rhinovirus-H.influenzae was the most commonly found combination of virus and bacteria. The most frequent etiological agent in virus coinfected with MP was rhinovirus. S.pneumoniae was the most important pathogen for bacteria coinfected with MP. No significant difference in clinical characteristics??complications??PICU admission or hospital stay was observed between the patients with mixed infections and those with monomicrobial CAP. Conclusion??Mixed infections account for certain proportion in the cause of CAP. The positivive rate in patients in??1-year and ??3-year groups is significantly higher than that in other age groups. Patients of different ages present with different combinations of pathogens. Mixed infections have no relationship with CAP patients’ mortality.     

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??Objective To investigate the predictive value of lipopolysaccharide binding protein ??LBP?? in early diagnosis of preterm infection with premature rupture of membrane??PROM??. Methods Totally 93 preterm infants with PROM were enrolled in this study?? and were divided into infection group ??45 cases?? and non-infection group ??48 cases?? according to the discharge diagnosis. Their serum LBP levels were detected within 24 hours after birth. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein ??hs-CRP???? procalcitonin ??PCT?? and interleukin-6 ??IL-6?? levels were compared with LBP. Receiver operator characteristic curve ??ROC?? was drawn and the area under the curve ??AUC?? was calculated. Each parameter was evaluated for the diagnosis of early-onset infection in preterm infants with PROM. In addition?? according to the severity of the disease infection group was further divided into severe infection group??21 cases?? and general infection group??24 cases??. LBP levels were detected in two groups of premature infants to assess the value of LBP in the diagnosis of premature infants with premature rupture of membranes. Results The serum levels of IL-6?? PCT and LBP in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group. There was no significant difference on serum levels of hs-CRP between the two groups. The level of LBP in the severe infection group was higher than that in the general infection group?? and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The AUC of ROC for LBP ??0.974?? in early-onset bacterial infection of preterm infants with PROM was the highest?? PCT ??0.694?? second?? IL- 6 ??0.588?? third?? and hs-CRP ??0.478?? was the lowest. Conclusion Serum level of LBP is superior to hs-CRP and PCT in the diagnosis of early-onset bacterial infection in preterm infants with PROM. LBP can be used as a useful index for the early diagnosis of bacterial infection in preterm infants with PROM. LBP levels can evaluate the severity of premature premature infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes.     

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目的了解儿童乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型与临床分度的关系。方法选择甘肃省人民医院儿科和兰州大学第一医院感染科2008年4月至2010年4月门诊和住院患儿中HBV-DNA阳性的124例乙型肝炎患儿,其中男84例,女40例。HBV携带者65例,慢性乙型肝炎59例(轻度31例、中度18例、重度10例),对以上患儿进行基因分型、同时检测肝功、术前出凝血、HBV-DNA载量。结果 124例肝病患儿中,C基因型62例(50.0%),B基因型48例(38.7%),B/C混合型9例(7.3%),非B/C型5例(4.0%);HBV携带者和轻度组中,以B基因型为主,分别为47.7%和45.2%;中度和重度组中,以C基因型为主,分别为72.2%和80%;在C、B基因型分布方面,HBV携带者和轻度组与中度和重度组比较差异有统计学意义;C基因型患者的HBV-DNA载量、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)均高于B基因型;C基因型患者与B基因型比较,凝血酶原时间(PT)延长、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)下降、纤维蛋白原(FIB)减少。B、C型通过母婴传播的比例差异无统计学意义。结论甘肃省儿童乙型肝炎病毒基因...     

癫癎儿童健康相关生活质量研究

为探讨癫痫儿童的健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）及其影响因素，采用澳大利亚癫痫儿童生活质量父母问卷（QOLCE）对101例癫痫儿童进行生活质量的评估，以探讨影响因素并与正常儿童进行比较。结果表明，癫痫儿童的生活质量明显低于正常儿童，年龄、起病年龄、发作频率、发作类型、病程，抗癫痫药物及智力等均影响患儿的生活质量。提示对癫痫儿童应采取综合治疗措施，重视患儿的心理健康，才能提高其生活质量。     

Sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, and comorbidity

BACKGROUND: In children, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic disorder (TD), and their coexistence (ADHD + TD comorbidity) are very common and clinically important. Associated sleep patterns and their clinical role are still insufficiently investigated. This study aimed at characterizing these sleep patterns in children with ADHD, TD, and ADHD + TD comorbidity and determining whether, in ADHD + TD, the factors ADHD and TD may affect the sleep pattern in an independent (additive) or in a complex (interactive) manner. METHOD: By means of polysomnography, sleep patterns were investigated in 4 groups of unmedicated 8.0-16.4-year-old children (healthy controls, ADHD-only, TD-only, and ADHD + TD). Each group consisted of 18 subjects matched for age, gender, and intelligence. RESULTS: ADHD was primarily characterized by increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas TD patients displayed lower sleep efficiency and elevated arousal index in sleep. In children with ADHD + TD, both effects appeared. No interaction between the ADHD and TD factors was found for any of the sleep parameters. Significant correlations between sleep patterns and clinical symptoms were found. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD and TD are characterized by specific sleep alterations. When coexisting, the two disorders alter the sleep pattern in an additive manner, suggesting a high impact on clinical and therapeutic perspectives.     

提高癫(癎)儿童的生活质量是治疗的最终目的

在控制癫(癎)发作的同时关注生活质量,表达了21世纪癫(癎)治疗及相关服务中的一种值得注意的趋势.癫(癎)对患者生活质量影响的因素包括癫(癎)的类型、癫(癎)灶的部位、起病年龄、发作频率、持续时间和病程,特别是抗癫(癎)药物本身对儿童生活质量的影响.在癫(癎)治疗中,对于选择药物种类要权衡利弊,既要达到较好的治疗效果,又要尽可能地减少药物对患儿智力影响程度,并提倡单药治疗.癫(癎)治疗的目的 已不再是以控制发作为终点,而以在控制发作的同时提高患者的生活质量为治疗的终点.癫(癎)的治疗应该是在控制发作及提高生活质量间找到最佳结合点.     

Personality differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and controls

BACKGROUND: Differences in personality profiles were examined between children who differed in their co-morbidity of externalizing disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). METHODS: 11- and 17-year-old male and female twins from a community sample were categorized as ADHD only, CD only, co-morbid CD-ADHD, and controls (no ADHD or CD) based on threshold and subthreshold CD and ADHD diagnoses assessed with structured interviews. Multivariate analyses were used to identify patterns of personality that differentiate these four diagnostic groups. It was hypothesized that significant differences would be found in the pattern of personality variables between participants in the co-morbid group, compared to the other three groups, and that these differences would hold across developmental periods. RESULTS: As expected, the co-morbid group had a pattern of personality marked by higher Negative Emotionality and lower Constraint than the other diagnostic groups. This pattern was evidenced across gender and age cohort. CONCLUSIONS: An extreme personality profile may represent a liability toward the occurrence of ADHD and CD with more extreme profiles contributing to the occurrence of both disorders among boys and girls. Implications for treatment planning and theoretical development are discussed.     

癫(疒间)患儿生活质量研究

目的 研究癫(疒间)息儿生活质量的特点及其影响因素.方法 对神经科门诊的93例癫(疒间)患儿进行生活质量评定,并与在年龄、性别、文化程度等方面严格匹配的93名正常儿童进行对比.生活质量评定工具:抗癫(疒间)药物的不良反应量表(SEP),青少年癫(疒间)患儿的生活质量-48项量表(QOLIE-AD-48),焦虑自评量表(SAS),汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD).结果 患儿常见的药物不良反应有皮疹、注意力不易集中、记忆障碍;患儿生活质量损害的范围广泛(P<0.01),其中社会支持的损害最明显;患儿焦虑抑郁的得分和对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析发现抗癫疴药物的不良反应、焦虑、抑郁、羞耻感与生活质量有相关性.且具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 除合理的药物治疗外,应对患儿进行包括心理干预的综合治疗以提高患儿的社会功能,全面提高患儿的生活质量.     

The health-related quality of life of childhood epilepsy syndromes

Objective:    There is increasing awareness of the importance of assessing physical, psychological, social and behavioural well-being in chronic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with common epilepsy syndromes and to explore if there are HRQoL differences between those syndromes.
Methods:    Each child had their epilepsy syndrome defined according to the International League Against Epilepsy classification. Epilepsy syndromes included symptomatic frontal, temporal, parietal/occipital lobe and partial unlocalized epilepsy, and two idiopathic epilepsies, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE). Seizure semiology and ictal/interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) were determined for symptomatic partial epilepsy syndromes by video-EEG monitoring. HRQoL was evaluated with an epilepsy-specific instrument, the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire, and two generic instruments, the Child Health Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist.
Results:    Children with symptomatic partial epilepsy syndromes were affected by epilepsy in a similar way and did not have unique HRQoL profiles. However, these children had significantly lower HRQoL scores compared to those with CAE or BRE. All children with epilepsy regardless of syndrome had a higher frequency of behavioural problems compared to normative data.
Conclusion:    These results indicate that children with epilepsy regardless of syndrome require evaluation of the psychosocial implications. There is a greater impact on HRQoL in symptomatic epilepsy compared to idiopathic epilepsy. Specific symptomatic partial syndromes did not differ in the degree they affect HRQoL. These findings have important implications for clinicians caring for children with epilepsy.     

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??Epilepsy and bipolar disorder are common and chronic episodic disorders of brain function. Both conditions share clinical features and possible underlying pathophysiology??such as their episodic nature and potential to run a chronic course??which is difficult for clinician to make a differential diagnosis. Both disorders show epidemiological links??share some genetic etiology??and have negative impact on the quality of life and the social prognosis??so the evaluation and management of comorbid bipolar disorders in children with epilepsy should be paid attention to.