^18F—FDG PET显像在肺癌中的应用

^18F-FDG(^18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖）PET可以反映正常机体组织和肿瘤细胞的功能状态，在对肺部病变的定性诊断、肺癌的临床分期、疗效评价、复发监测以及预后估计上都明显优于CT、MRI等形态解剖学检查，而且能间接提供瘤组织细胞分化程度和增殖潜能的判断依据，具有重要的临床应用价值。由于PET在空间分辨率上存在不足，应与其他影像学检查相结合，以提高其准确性。     

^18F—FDG PET显像在肝癌中的应用

^18F－FDG PET在肝脏的原发肿瘤和转移性肿瘤的诊断中有重要价值，特别是在肝肿瘤的诊断，分期和治疗方案的选择方面。结合CT，MRI和超声可以提高诊断的准确性，同时，在对肝肿瘤疗效监测以及评价手术效果方面也有重要作用。     

18F-FDG PET显像在肺癌中的应用

18F-FDG(18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖)PET可以反映正常机体组织和肿瘤细胞的功能状态,在对肺部病变的定性诊断、肺癌的临床分期、疗效评价、复发监测以及预后估计上都明显优于CT、MRI等形态解剖学检查,而且能间接提供瘤组织细胞分化程度和增殖潜能的判断依据,具有重要的临床应用价值。由于PET在空间分辨率上存在不足,应与其他影像学检查相结合,以提高其准确性。     

双探头符合线路^18F—FDG显像在肺癌诊断中的作用

与正电子发射体层显像相比，双探头符合线路显像在肺癌的良恶性鉴别、分期、监测复发及观察疗效中起着重要作用。图像融合更有利于肺癌的诊断。     

分化型甲状腺癌∧18F—FDG PET显像的临床应用

低分化型甲状腺癌细胞摄取碘能力的下降或丧失导致∧131I WBS（全身显像）假阴性（约20%）,高水平的血清Tg（甲状腺球蛋白）只能说明有分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）的复发或转移,不能确定DTC复发或转移的具体位置,而低分化型甲状腺癌正是DTC病人死亡的主要类型。本文主要探讨∧18F-FDG（∧18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖）PET显像在∧131I的WBS阴性而血清Tg水平增高的DTC病人中鉴别复发和转移的应用以及评价DTC病人预后的价值,当嗜∧18F-FDG肿瘤显示的体积大于125mL及FDG标准摄取值大于10g/mL时,病人的预后不良。     

^18F—FDG PET显像在恶性淋巴瘤中的应用

^18F-FDG（^18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖）PET显像作为一种功能显像技术,能反映肿瘤组织中的生化变化和代谢状态,对淋巴瘤准确分期、恶性程度评价、治疗疗效评价、治疗后复发的诊断以及预后估计等匀具有重要作用。     

肺癌18F-FLT PET和18F-FDG PET的临床对比研究

目的 探讨18F-FLT PET在肺癌诊断和肿瘤增殖检测方面的应用价值.方法 对2005年9月-2008年10月解放军总医院收治的36例(男27例,女9例,年龄38～74岁)胸部CT疑似肺癌患者进行18F-FLT PET扫描,对同期收治的42例(男29例,女13例,年龄37～75岁)胸部CT疑似肺癌患者进行18F-FD...     

PET在头颈部肿瘤的应用

PET检查在头颈部肿瘤的原发和转移灶诊断中发挥重要的作用，尤其是肿瘤治疗的评价方面，通过图像融合技术有助于其临床推广应用。     

除FDG以外的用于肿瘤PET显像的^18F标记物

综述了除FDG以外的用于肿瘤PET显像的^18F标记物的研究和应用。这些^18F标记物主要包括：与相应受体结合的^18F标记的蛋白质和多肽，^18F标记的乏氧显像剂，用于评价基因治疗的^18F标记物等。此外，还介绍了用于诊断不同恶性肿瘤的^18F标记的组织特异性PET显像剂。     

^18F—FDG PET—CT在淋巴瘤临床应用中的进展

PET-CT集中了PET的功能显像与CT的解剖显像的双重优势，在淋巴瘤的准确分期，恶性程度评价，治疗效果评估、肿瘤复发鉴别以及预后判断等方面有着重要的临床应用价值。     

Atypical metastatic lung cancer of the right ventricle on FDG PET/CT

Although primary cardiac tumours are extremely uncommon, secondary tumours or cardiac metastasis are not. We present a 68-year-old gentleman with squamous cell carcinoma of the right lower lobe with bony metastasis to the right clavicle who was treated with radiotherapy to the lung and clavicle as well as combination immunotherapy (Pembrolizumab) and chemotherapy (Carboplatin/Paclitaxel). Despite completing the above treatment regime, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan showed progression with two new sites of metastasis including a focus in the lateral wall of the right ventricle which correlate to a soft tissue density mass on CT as well as a FDG avid mass in the left masseter. Identification of cardiac lesions with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT maybe challenging with routine preparation due high physiological FDG uptake in the myocardium and significant variability, nevertheless, focal FDG uptake in the heart should be carefully assessed for the possibility of cardiac metastasis.     

Thin-section CT of the mediastinum in preoperative N-staging of non-small cell lung cancer: Comparison with FDG PET

Purpose

To compare diagnostic capability of preoperative N-staging of lung cancer between thin-section CT of the mediastinum and FDG PET, and 5 mm slice thickness CT.

Materials and methods

The subjects were 34 patients with lung carcinoma who were examined by both CT and PET, and subsequently underwent surgery between May 2005 and January 2007. CT was carried out with a 16 detector row helical CT scanner. The raw data were reconstructed into 5 mm slice thickness and 1 mm slice thickness (thin-section CT). A total of 251 lymph node stations were retrospectively assessed for the presence of lymph node metastasis with thin-section CT, 5 mm CT and PET. In the interpretations of thin-section CT and 5 mm CT, we employed multi-criteria as follows: nodular calcification and intranodal fat as benign criteria, and short-axis diameter more than 10 mm (size criterion), focal low density other than fat, surrounding fat infiltration and convex margin in hilar lymph nodes, as malignant criteria. On PET, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 2.5 or more was used as the criterion of malignancy. Sensitivity and specificity were compared between these examinations using McNemar test.

Results

Sensitivities and specificities of thin-section CT, 5 mm CT and PET were 25%, 25%, 25%, and 97%, 94%, 98%, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the specificity of 5 mm CT was significantly lower than those of thin-section CT (p = 0.039) and PET (p = 0.006), while no difference was present between thin-section CT and PET.

Conclusion

Thin-section CT of the mediastinum using multiple criteria was comparable to PET in preoperative N-staging of lung cancer.     

F-18 FDG PET in detecting renal cell carcinoma

Purpose: To assess the role of F-18 FDG imaging with a dual head coincidence mode gamma camera (Co-PET) in the detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with renal masses.

Material and Methods: An F-18 FDG Co-PET study was performed in 19 patients (7 F, 12 M; mean age 58.15±2.5 years, age range 45-79 years) with suspected primary renal tumors based on conventional imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) before nephrectomy or surgical resection of the mass.

Results: Histologically documented RCC was present in 15 patients. Of the 19 patients with suspected primary renal tumors, F-18 FDG Co-PET was true-positive in 13, false-negative in 2, true-negative in 3, and false-positive in 1 patient. Two angiomyolipomas and one renal mass due to infarction and hemorrhage showed a true-negative Co-PET result. The patient with false-positive FDG Co-PET study was diagnosed as xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FDG Co-PET for RCC were 86% (13/15), 75% (3/4), and 84% (16/19), respectively. Positive predictive value for RCC was 92% and negative predictive value 60%.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that F-18 FDG Co-PET may have a role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with RCC and primary staging of disease. Positive F-18 FDG study may be predictive of the presence of RCC. However, a negative study does not exclude the RCC.     

F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas in the bronchial tree are extremely rare tumors. Such tumors are classified into low-grade and high-grade on the basis of histological criteria. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) is a useful technique for the evaluation of pulmonary lesions; however, to our knowledge, F-18 FDG PET findings in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus have been described in only a few cases. Identifiable focal F-18 FDG uptake has been reported in high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but it is unclear whether F-18 FDG accumulates in low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Here, we present the case of a 37-year-old woman, with pathologically proven low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and F-18 FDG PET/CT before treatment.     

Evaluation of Adrenal Masses in Lung Cancer Patients Using F-18 FDG PET/CT

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT using various parameters for the characterization of adrenal nodules in lung cancer patients.

Methods

Sixty-one adrenal nodules in 51 lung cancer patients were evaluated. The final diagnosis was based on histology (n = 2) or imaging follow-up (n = 59, range of follow-up: 7–57 months, median 27 months). Each adrenal nodule was analyzed using four parameters of PET/CT: the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), the adrenal nodule/liver ratio of the SUV (SUV ratio), Hounsfield units (HU) and size. The optimal cutoff of each parameter for the identification of metastatic nodule was determined by ROC analysis and then the diagnostic efficacy was compared among the parameters.

Results

Of the 61 adrenal nodules, 45 (73%) were considered metastasis. The optimal cutoff values of the parameters were SUV_max >2.7, SUV ratio >1.3, HU >18 and size >20 mm, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy by SUV_max >2.7 were 88.9%, 87.5% and 88.5%, and those by SUV ratio >1.3 were 84.4%, 100% and 88.5%, respectively. The combination of SUV ratio >1.3 and HU >18 had sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 81.2% and accuracy of 93.4% to predict adrenal metastasis in patients with lung cancer.

Conclusion

SUV ratio from F-18 FDG PET/CT could identify the adrenal metastasis in lung cancer patients. The combination of SUV ratio and HU can improve the accuracy of differentiating benign and metastatic adrenal lesions in lung cancer patients.     

Comparison of <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FLT PET and <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET for preoperative staging in non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose The nucleoside analog 3′-deoxy-3′-¹⁸F-fluorothymidine (FLT) has been introduced for imaging cell proliferation with positron emission tomography (PET). We prospectively compared the diagnostic efficacy of FLT PET with that of 2-deoxy-2-¹⁸F-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) PET for the preoperative nodal and distant metastatic staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 34 patients with NSCLC underwent FLT PET and FDG PET. PET imaging was performed at 60 min after each radiotracer injection. The PET images were evaluated qualitatively for regions of focally increased metabolism. For visualized primary tumors, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. Nodal stages were determined by using the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and surgical and histologic findings reference standards. Results For the depiction of primary tumor, sensitivity of FLT PET was 67%, compared with 94% for FDG PET (P = 0.005). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for lymph node staging on a per-patient basis were 57, 93, 67, 89, and 85%, respectively, with FLT PET and 57, 78, 36, 91, and 74%, respectively, with FDG PET (P > 0.1 for all comparisons). Two of the three distant metastases were detected with FLT and FDG PET. Conclusion In NSCLC, FLT PET showed better (although not statistically significant) specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy for N staging on a per-patient basis than FDG PET. However, FDG PET was found to have higher sensitivity for depiction of primary tumor than FLT PET.     

Simultaneous FDG PET+/Glut1+ lung and FDG PET−/Glut1− subcarinal lymph node metastases from prostate cancer

A 78-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer and a rise in PSA presented with a new left lung mass, detected on computed tomography (CT). Positron emission tomography (PET)–CT (PET–CT) scan with 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose glucose revealed intense uptake in the lung mass without any other areas of abnormal uptake. Surgical resection of the mass and mediastinal lymph node dissection revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma from prostate cancer in the left lung mass (tumor size 5 cm) as well as in a subcarinal lymph node (tumor size 1.9 cm), which were identical on hematoxylin and eosin stains with a Gleason score of 8. The size of the subcarinal lymph node metastasis could not explain its non-visualization on PET. Glut1 stains of the lung mass were positive with moderate (2+ out of maximum 3+) reactivity in 95% of the carcinoma cells, whereas Glut1 stains of the subcarinal lymph node were negative with faint (1+ out of maximum 3+) reactivity in ca. 30% of the carcinoma cells. The low Glut1 expression in the subcarinal lymph node is the most likely explanation for its non-visualization on PET.     

Uterine Epithelioid Angiosarcoma on F-18 FDG PET/CT

Uterine epithelioid angiosarcoma can have conventional imaging characteristics similar to those of other uterine tumors, such as leiomyoma, leiomyosarcomas or hemangioendothelioma. Uterine epithelioid angiosarcoma exhibiting increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) activity can be misdiagnosed. A 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with uterine epithelioid angiosarcoma underwent F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a part of the pretreatment work up for surgery. F-18 FDG PET/CT showed an intense F-18 FDG uptake in the uterus in addition to increased F-18 FDG uptake at the paraaortic and aortocaval lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of intense F-18 FDG uptake in uterine epithelioid angiosarcoma in Korea.     

18F-FDG and11C-methionine PET for evaluation of treatment response of lung cancer after stereotactic radiotherapy

This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of FDG- and L-[methyl-11C]methionine (Met)-PET for the follow up of lung cancer after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Nine patients (pt) with solitary lung cancer underwent SRT. Met- and FDG-PET studies were performed one week before SRT and from one week to 8 months after SRT. Responses to SRT were complete in 2 pt and partial in 7 pt. Met- and FDG-PET scan showed high tracer uptake in all tumors before SRT. After SRT, standardized uptake values (SUV) of FDG and Met changed concordantly. Both decreased with time in 5 pt but did not decrease steadily in 4 pt, where 2 pt showed an increase at 1 to 2 weeks after SRT and 2 pt showed an increase at more than 3 months after SRT. The former appears to reflect the acute reaction to SRT and the latter radiation-induced pneumonitis. Although the addition of Met-PET did not provide additional information over FDG-PET, FDG- and Met-PET could be used to evaluate the treatment effect of SRT.