稀土元素Dy对Mg-2Zn-0.5Zr生物镁合金组织与性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、浸泡实验、电化学测试、扫描电镜(SEM)以及光学显微镜(OM)等方法研究了Dy含量对Mg-2Zn-0.5Zr-xDy生物镁合金微观组织、耐腐蚀性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随Dy含量的增加,合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐变小,第二相逐渐增多且主要沿晶界分布,合金的平均腐蚀速率先降低后升高,合金的力学性能先升高后降低;当Dy含量为1.5 mass%时,合金的耐蚀性能和综合力学性能均最好,平均腐蚀速率从未添加稀土元素时的1.28 mm/a降为0.92 mm/a,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为154 MPa和8.6%。     

生物医用Mg-6Zn-xGd合金的挤压组织与腐蚀性能

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了Mg-6Zn-x Gd(x=0~4)合金的挤压态组织,测试了其拉伸力学性能和耐蚀性能。结果表明:随着Gd含量的增加,挤压态组织明显细化,平均晶粒尺寸从Mg-6Zn合金的12mm逐渐减至Mg-6Zn-3.41Gd合金的2mm;挤压态拉伸力学性能明显提高,抗拉强度σ_b和屈服强度σ_(0.2)分别逐渐提高至Mg-6Zn-3.41Gd合金的350 MPa和325 MPa,延伸率δ先降低后提高,且均不低于10%。挤压态Mg-6Zn合金的腐蚀速率较慢,为典型的局部腐蚀;添加少量Gd(质量分数0.66%)后,合金的腐蚀速率稍增大,但腐蚀变得更均匀,朝着均匀腐蚀的方式发展;添加较多量Gd(1.66%和3.41%)后,合金的耐蚀性能急剧恶化。     

Mn含量对Mg-5Al合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响

研究了合金元素Mn对Mg-5Al合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在Mg-5Al合金中加入Mn后,合金组织细化,连续或半连续网状分布的β-Mg17Al12相逐渐转变为断续、分散的骨骼状相,晶界附近出现颗粒相并且数量逐渐增多。随着Mn含量增加,合金室温抗拉强度、伸长率及冲击韧度先上升然后下降。当Mn含量为0.3%时,合金综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度、伸长率与冲击韧度达到190MPa、7.3%与21.1J·cm-2,分别提高了7.9%、9.1%与9.3%。继续增加Mn含量至0.5%时,Al8Mn5颗粒聚集长大粗化,导致Mg-5Al合金综合力学性能下降。     

微量Nd对Mg-2Zn-0.2Sr-0.6Zr-xNd医用镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、万能材料试验机和电化学试验等方法,研究了Nd含量对Mg-2Zn-0.2Sr-0.6Zr-xNd(质量分数/%,x=0,1,2)合金微观组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Nd可以细化晶粒,形成颗粒状均匀分布的Mg-Zn-Nd第二相(T相),且第二相体积分数随着Nd含量的增加而增加。室温拉伸试验结果表明,微量的Nd可以提升镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度,但伸长率略有下降。利用Hank’s溶液研究合金的降解行为,结果发现,当x=0、1、2时,Mg-2Zn-0.2Sr-0.6Zr-xNd合金的腐蚀速率分别为0.49、0.39、1.12 mm/a。添加1%的Nd的合金耐蚀性能有所提升,而添加2%的Nd的合金耐蚀性能大幅下降。总体来看,Mg-2Zn-0.2Sr-0.6Zr-1Nd合金具有最佳的力学和耐蚀性能。     

Sc含量对机械工业用新型轻合金的性能影响

生产了机械工业用新型轻合金Mg-6Al-2Sn-0.1Ti,其中添加0~0.8wt%Sc。进行了显微组织、力学性能、疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随Sc含量增加,合金的力学性能、疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能均呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势。与不添加Sc的合金相比,添加0.4%Sc可使合金的抗拉强度增加51 MPa、屈服强度增加52 MPa、伸长率增加5.4%、疲劳寿命增加71.2%、腐蚀电位正移221m V;此时,Sc含量优选为0.4%。     

Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、金相显微镜、力学性能测试、腐蚀质量损失法、电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗测试研究了Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金的组织、力学性能以及在3.5％的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,Mg-4Zn- Y-xBi(x=0、0.5、1、2)合金的1铸态组织主要由基体α-Mg、三元Ⅰ相(Mg3 Zn6 Y)和Y5 Bi3组成,Bi的加入使合金晶界上半连续网状分布的f相变为分散的颗粒状,Y5Bi3相的数量随着Bi含量的增加而增多,尺寸也逐渐粗化.合金室温和高温(150℃)时的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先随Bi含量的增加而增大,但当Bi含量过多时(2.0％),合金的综合力学性能反而下降.Mg-4Zn-Y-xBi合金的耐蚀性能随着Bi含量的增加而降低,其腐蚀速率为Mg-4Zn-Y合金的2～3倍.当Bi的加入量为2％时,台金的腐蚀电流达到最大,为0.913mA,耐蚀性能最差.     

体育器材用Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金铸态组织与性能研究

在Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金中添加Al2Ca,并进行了显微组织、物相组成、高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能分析。结果表明:添加了Al2Ca的Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金由α-Mg相、Mg17Al12相和Al2Ca组成;与未添加Al2Ca相比,添加Al2Ca可使该合金的高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能均得到提高,其中150℃抗拉强度增加53%、450℃抗拉强度增加246%、盐雾腐蚀120h后的质量损失率从5.52%下降至1.11%。     

微量Y对Mg-5Al-0.8Zn-0.5Mn合金组织性能的影响

在熔炼过程中以Mg-Y中间合金形式加入稀土Y元素,研究0%～2.5%(质量分数,下同)范围内不同含量的Y对Mg-5Al-0.8Zn-0.5Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:经过适量稀土Y微处理后的合金材料具有细小均匀的铸态组织,平均晶粒尺寸维持在35μm左右。Y元素从0变化到2.5%过程中,合金室温力学性能在0～1.3%范围内增加,在1.3%～2.5%范围内降低,材料高温强度则一直呈现升高趋势。稀土Y对合金的腐蚀性能具有改善作用,当Y含量为1.0%时合金的耐蚀性能较好,过量加入Y元素对腐蚀性能有负面影响。     

Nd元素含量对Mg-2Ca合金组织及性能的影响

对不同含量Nd元素的Mg-2Ca合金组织及性能的进行了研究.结果表明:随着Nd元素含量的增加,Mg-2Ca-xNd合金的晶粒显著细化,其抗拉强度先增大后减小趋势变化,伸长率在Nd含量为1.5％时达到峰值后逐渐减小；随着Nd含量的增加,Mg-2Ca-xNd合金的腐蚀速率在Nd含量为1.0％时达到极值后逐渐降低,合金的腐蚀以点蚀为主.     

Mn添加量对Mg-2Zn合金组织及生物耐蚀性的影响

研究了Mn添加量对Mg-2Zn合金显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,3种不同Mn含量的Mg-2Zn合金显微组织差别不明显,但当Mn的加入量超过0.5%时,显微组织中析出的Mn含量增多;电化学与浸泡试验结果表明Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn与Mg-2Zn-0.5Mn合金的耐蚀性相近,但Mg-2Zn-1.0Mn合金的耐蚀性明显下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.