The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, 'hydrolysed Tc' and pertechnetate in solutions from a commercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rats receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, hydrolysed Tc and pertechnetate in solutions from a comercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rat receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与肾功能损害探讨

目的：探讨高海拔地区新生儿HIE与肾功能损害的关系。方法：对116例HIE足月儿和88例足月儿正常新生儿做血尿素氮（Bun）及肌酐（Cr）检测,并进行分析观察。结果：116例HIE患儿血BuN〉7．14mmol／L96例,血肌酐〉88．4mmol／L91例。HIE组血Bun、Cr显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,中度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于轻度HIE组（P〈0．05）,重度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于中度HIE（P〈0.05）。结论：新生儿窒息缺氧会导致脑损伤和肾功能损害,血Bun、Cr可做为判断肾功能受损指标,而且窒息程度越重,肾功能损害越严重。     

CE-MRA与TOF-MRA在头颈部动脉瘤诊断中的应用分析

颅内动脉瘤破裂是颅内蛛网膜下腔出血致死的主要因素之一,在所有脑血管疾病中所占的比例约为25%,MRI用于动脉瘤检查的成像方式主要有时间飞跃法(TOF-MRA)和强化成像法(CE-MRA)等,具体不同成像法的优缺点,现     

2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测与风险评估

为持续性确保三亚雪古丽牛羊口蹄疫无疫及处于布鲁氏菌净化状态,雪古丽对自有及引进羊群进行了口蹄疫免疫抗体检测及病原学检测,同时对羊群进行了布鲁氏菌病抗体检测.口蹄疫免疫抗体检测应用液相阻断ELISA方法;口蹄疫病原学检测采用多重RT-PCR;布鲁氏菌病用虎红平板方法检测.检测结果:未检测到布鲁氏菌抗体阳性动物,牛羊中目前不存在口蹄疫病畜或健康带毒畜,牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体未达到国家规定水平的应及时补免.2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测结果表明,雪古丽的羊场目前不存在布鲁氏菌感染情况;牛羊中仅牛O型口蹄疫群体免疫水平达到国家重大动物疫病规定标准,免疫抗体不合格动物应及时给予补免,病原学检测结果表明目前雪古丽的牛羊及引进羊未被口蹄疫病毒感染.     

内蒙古满洲里和北京地区部分人群骨密度调查分析

 目的 了解内蒙古满洲里地区和北京地区部分人群的骨密度情况,探究其生活的人文地理条件对骨密度的影响.方法 对20名男性和30名女性满洲里50～60岁人群进行双光能X线骨密度测量,并分别与北京地区同一年龄段男女性部分人员进行对比分析.结果 内蒙古满洲里地区50～60岁人群与北京地区相比较;不论男性还是女性,其腰椎L2～4、股骨颈、Ward区、大转子的峰值均数均有统计学差别.结论 内蒙古满洲里地区50～60岁人群峰值骨量低于北京地区同年龄段人群,可能原因是该地区饮用水含氟量超标.     

VEGF PCNA在口腔颌面部血管瘤及血管畸形中的表达意义

目的：检测增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）在口腔颌面部血管瘤及血管畸形中的表达,探讨PCNA、VEGF与血管瘤发病机制的关系。方法：SP法检测血管瘤27例,血管畸形9例组织中VEGF和PCNA的蛋白表达。结果：PCNA阳性表达于细胞核中,VEGF阳性表达于细胞浆中,两者在增殖期血管瘤中均有阳性表达,而在血管畸形和消退期血管瘤中表达弱（P〈0.05）。结论：PCNA、VEGF在增殖期血管瘤中影响细胞增殖,可能与血管瘤的发生发展以及其消退有密切关系。     

阅片室环境照度和观片灯照度的检测与分析

目的 参照有关标准,对影响影像诊断质量因素的阅片室环境照度(IRR)和观片灯照度(IVB)进行检测与分析.方法 采用深圳产SAMPO lx1330B 数字化照度计对西安市三级医院中38个影像科阅片室及98个观片灯进行IRR、IVB检测,并同时对147个影像诊断医师进行IRR及IVB知识调查.结果 (1)各医院均存在IRR过高(不合格率31.6%)、IVB过低(不合格率24.5%)的情况,两者差值＜1900 lx的占被测试总数的42.1%.(2)诊断医师普遍认同应该有合适的阅片室环境照度及观片灯照度,90.3%被调查者认为IRR应低于100 lx,IVB应高于2000 lx.结论 西安市各医院阅片室环境照度及观片灯照度不合格率偏高.低IRR及高IVB符合现代医学影像识读的要求.     

Standards and experience in radon measurement and regulation of radon mitigation in Austria

Over the past 15 years scientific research and application-oriented research were carried out in Austria to resolve the radon problem. In this paper, the strategy and progression of radon research in Austria and experience gained by practical implementation of the main findings are shown and discussed comprehensively. The overview includes the results of the national radon survey, radon mitigation and precaution studies, indoor-air studies at kindergartens and schools, soil-gas radon research, and the establishment of national radon precaution and mitigation standards.     

Sonography in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic pseudocysts and effusions in childhood

Blunt trauma to the abdomen is the main cause of pancreatic injury in childhood. One of the most common causes of injury is child abuse. Pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and loculated peripancreatic effusion are sequellae of this trauma. The diagnosis of these lesions is aided by ultrasound. Pancreatic injury in children may require different methods of management than it does in adults. Persistently elevated serum amylase levels and increasing cyst size are indications for surgical intervention. However, the natural history of a pseudocyst in an otherwise normal child may lead to spontaneous resolution. In this report, three cases of pancreatic pseudocyst caused by child abuse are presented. In two of the patients, the cysts underwent spontaneous resolution.     

FDG-PET and CT in Evaluation of Chemotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: To compare [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans in assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer.Materials and Methods: In a prospective clinical study, advanced head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a neoadjuvant organ preservation protocol and received CT and FDG-PET scans prior to and after 2 or 3 rounds of chemotherapy. All patients had prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy tissue biopsies within the tumor region. Patients were then classified as pathologic complete response (PCR) or residual disease (RD) based on biopsies. Analysis of the tumor activity, using FDG-PET, was performed using standardized uptake ratios (SUR) in the region of the primary tumor. Analysis of the tumor size, using contrast enhanced CT, was performed using measurements of the primary tumor in 3 dimensions.Results: Nineteen of the 28 patients with stage III and IV cancer of the head and neck enrolled between December 1994 and May 1996 completed the study. Three patients were PCR and had a mean SUR reduction of 82% by positron emission tomography (PET) and volume reduction of 80% by CT. Sixteen patients had RD after chemotherapy, their SUR and volume reductions were 32% and 41%, respectively. Reduction in SUR with PET was significant. The mean tumor volume reduction by CT approached statistical significance. There was a positive correlation between the percent reduction in tumor volume and SUR (P < 0.004).Conclusion: FDG-PET and CT imaging are at least equivalent in correctly assessing tumor response to chemotherapy with a trend toward better performance by PET.     

Measurement of GABA and contaminants in gray and white matter in human brain in vivo.

A preliminary study of discrimination between GABA and macromolecules (MMs) in human brain by proton double quantum filtering (DQF) at 3.0 T in vivo is presented. GABA-tuned and MM-tuned DQ filters were designed with dual-band 180 degrees radiofrequency (RF) pulses that were tuned for selective refocusing of GABA (3.0 and 1.9 ppm) and putative MM resonances (3.0 and 1.7 ppm), respectively. GABA and putative MM signals were extracted from a combined analysis of the filtered mixture signals and the calculated editing yields. Unexpectedly, the GABA and putative MM signals exhibited a similar doublet linewidth at the optimized TE = 82 ms. Furthermore, substantial MM-tuned DQF signal remained at TE = 148 ms, indicating the presence of a component other than MM. With water segmentation data, the GABA-tuned and MM-tuned DQF measures from the medial prefrontal and left frontal lobes were combined to give the concentrations of GABA and the additional component as 1.1 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mM (mean +/- SD, N=3) for gray matter (GM) and 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 0.7+/-0.1 mM (N=3) for white matter (WM), respectively.     

Toxicology findings in suicides: Concentrations of ethanol and other drugs in femoral blood in victims of hanging and poisoning in relation to age and gender of the deceased

Over-consumption of alcohol and/or abuse of other drugs are closely linked to attempted or completed suicides. In this retrospective 10-year study (2001–2010), we compared the toxicology findings in hanging suicides (n = 4551) with drug poisoning (intoxication) suicides (n = 2468). The mean age of hanging deaths was 49 ± 19 y (±SD) and 80% were male, compared with a mean age of 52 ± 17 y and 47% males for the intoxication deaths. Poly-drug use was more common in poisoning suicides with an average of 3.6 drugs/case compared with 1.8 drugs/case in hangings. Moreover, 31% of hangings were negative for alcohol and/or drugs. Alcohol was detected (>0.20 g/L) in femoral blood in 30% of hanging suicides (mean 1.39 g/L) and 36% of drug poisonings (mean 1.39 g/L). The median BACs did not depend on the person's age or gender (p > 0.05). Ethanol, paracetamol, citalopram, diazepam, propiomazine, alimemazine and zopiclone were amongst the top-ten drugs detected in both methods of suicide. With the exception of ethanol, the concentrations of drugs in blood were considerably higher in the poisoning deaths, as might be expected. Regardless of the method of suicide, antidepressants and/or antipsychotics were common findings, which could implicate mental health as a significant suicide risk factor.     

Defecographic measurements of rectal intussusception and prolapse in patients and in asymptomatic subjects

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide measurements for the defecographic diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred thirty-seven consecutive patients with defecation and micturition disorders and gynecologic complaints were studied by means of defecography (120 patients), colpodefecography (17 patients), or cystocolpodefecography (300 patients). As a control group, 43 asymptomatic subjects underwent defecographic examination. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were found to have rectal intussusception and 18, to have rectal prolapse. Anterior and posterior rectal wall folding thickness, intussuscipiens diameter, intussusceptum lumen diameter, and the ratio between the intussuscipiens diameter and the intussusceptum lumen diameter were measured in all patients. The findings were compared with those obtained in 13 of 43 asymptomatic subjects with rectal outline changes mimicking intussusception. Rectal folding thickness and the ratio between the intussuscipiens diameter and the intussusceptum lumen diameter were significantly greater in subjects with rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse than in asymptomatic subjects with rectal mucosa folding. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that dynamic evacuation radiology contributes to making a differential diagnosis between rectal intussusception and mucosal folds in the rectum.     

Comparison of iopromide and iopamidol in left ventricular angiography and in coronary angiography

A double blind randomized trial of two non-ionic contrast media--iopamidol and iopromide--was performed on 101 patients undergoing left ventriculography and coronary angiography. Both products performed well in the trial and there were no statistically significant differences in side effects, cardiovascular parameters, blood analysis or film quality between the two products.     

99mTc-DTPA测得空勤人员肾小球滤过率与血浆内皮素含量的关系

目的 观察飞行员肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）特点及其与血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）含量的关系。方法 采用单丸子射计算机断层摄影术（ＳＰＥＣＴ）,用＾９９ｍ锝－二乙撑三胺五乙酸（＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ）示踪剂,与放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）结合,对４６名飞行员,３０名地勤人员和３０名肾病病人（均为男性）进行ＧＦＲ和ＥＴ含量测定,并分析它们之间的。结果 飞行员ＥＴ与ＧＦＲ飞行员和地勤人员。年龄与肾总ＧＦＲ存在负相关病人Ｅ     

The role of academic research and teaching in addressing health in situations of conflict and instability

The key roles of academic research and teaching in addressing health in situations of conflict and instability are to better inform and better equip actors with the knowledge and skills to address health problems. The four key contributions of research are: quantifying the health problem, examining the contextual circumstances, investigating the epidemiology of health problems and evaluation of health care and humanitarian interventions. The role of teaching can complement research by distributing its’ findings in addition to teaching skill sets to apply this knowledge and conduct further research. Academic research and teaching both play imperative roles in enabling more successful approaches in addressing health in situations of conflict and instability.