用变色指甲油制作变色滑动变阻器

根据电流热效应和变色指甲油受热变色原理,利用变色指甲油制作了显示滑动变阻器有效电阻的教学仪器,使滑动变阻器的电流流过的情况转化为可视的变色指甲油的颜色变化.     

程序法解答电阻测量设计性实验题--谈滑动变阻器在电学实验中的应用

电学实验离不开测量，为了控制变量要进行多次测量．滑动变阻器在电学实验中有着举足轻重作用，它能改变电路各部分电流、电压的大小甚至电流的方向(电桥中)，有着不可忽视的作用．滑动变阻器在实验中的选择及连接方式，历来是高考实验题中的难点．本文从原理上谈谈如何选择合适的滑动变阻器，以及复杂的电学设计性实验问题的处理程序．     

用Excel讨论在电阻测量中滑动变阻器的选取

在电学实验中,为了改变电路中的电流或电压,通常用滑动变阻器来控制电路.滑动变阻器在电路中可以采用限流接法,也可以采用分压接法.在选择滑动变阻器时,涉及到两个问题:一是对给定的滑动变阻器,应该选限流接法还是分压接法?     

电路实验设计中滑动变阻器的分压式接法

在电路实验设计中，常通过滑动变阻器来调节电路中的电流和电压．滑动变阻器接入电路有两种方式：限流连接(如图1)、分压连接(如图2)．     

风力测定仪

风力测定仪用来测量风力的大小，它是根据滑动变阻器改变线路中电流的原理制成的测量类仪器．通过风力的大小改变滑动变阻器的阻值，从而引起线路中电流的变化，由电流表的示数指示风力的大小．本文通过两个例题的形式，从物理的角度来讨论风力测定仪的构造、原理和风力刻度的标定．     

在科学探究中促进核心素养培养——以欧姆定律教学设计为例

欧姆定律的探究环节分为两部分:电阻一定时探究电流与电压的关系;电压一定时探究电流与电阻的关系.在实际教学活动中滑动变阻器的引入易显得晦涩、突兀,理解滑动变阻器的作用也需要一个较长的过程.在本教学设计中把两个探究环节倒置,不仅使滑动变阻器的引入变得顺畅自然,还使学生容易理解滑动变阻器在各探究环节中的作用.此外,在实验中的数据记录环节笔者也用心作了设计——记录表格中的留白,借以给学生提供发现问题、解决问题的机会,提升学生综合能力,促进核心素养的培养.     

滑动变阻器调节的有效性分析

滑动变阻器在电路中的调节作用, 在限流和分压两种接法中得以体现, 所谓调节方便有效, 就是指电 路中的电流或电压等参量随滑动变阻器的滑片线性变化, 但其阻值的大小会在其中起到至关重要的影响     

由一道电学实验题引发的思考

在探究电流跟电阻关系的实验中,必须控制导体两端的电压不变。当定值电阻的阻值变大或变小时,滑动变阻器的阻值应如何变化？滑动变阻器阻值的变化与定值电阻阻值的变化有什么定量关系？     

利用Excel图表功能突破滑动变阻器选择的教学难点

滑动变阻器是电学实验中常用的器材,滑动变阻器的"选择"问题是中学物理实验教学的难点,也是历年高考的一个重要考点.这里既涉及到滑动变阻器阻值的选择,又涉及到滑动变阻器连接方式的     

家用调光台灯的电路分析

中学物理教师讲到滑动变阻器时，经常举出家用调光台灯的例子来说明变阻器的实际应用．然而，实际的家用调光台灯中是通过简单的电子线路调节亮度的，并不能简单地认为是将滑动变阻器串联到主电路中通过改变电路电阻来调光．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.