挤压态AZ91D镁合金的微观组织及其超塑性

研究了挤压态镁合金在280～400℃和1×10-4～1×10-1s-1的超塑性流变行为。结果表明,热挤压可以明显减小AZ91D镁合金的晶粒尺寸;在340℃、1×10-4s-1的变形条件下,其最大伸长率达到487%,应变速率敏感指数m可达0.51。挤压态AZ91D镁合金超塑性变形的主要机制为晶界滑移机制。通过光镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了AZ91D镁合金超塑性变形前后的微观组织和断口形貌及其拉伸断裂机制。     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.     

分步拉伸变形对TA15合金超塑性的影响

采用分步变形法对TA15合金在10 kN高温电子拉伸试验机上进行了超塑性拉伸试验,研究了变形温度和预变形量对该合金超塑性性能及微观组织演变。结果表明:变形温度为850~950℃和预变形量为100%~200%时,TA15合金呈现出良好的超塑性;变形温度为900℃和预变形量为150%时,该合金的超塑性能最好,最大延伸率为1456%;变形温度为950℃时,该合金的超塑性能降低,延伸率仅为188%。TA15合金的微观组织状态显示:该合金在拉伸变形过程中微观组织保持等轴状,但是随着变形温度的升高,晶粒开始长大,变形温度越高,晶粒长大越显著。     

电场辅助镁锂合金超塑变形行为及其在微型热管成形中的应用

通过等通道转角挤压工艺制备了不同晶粒尺寸的LZ91镁锂合金，当挤压道次超过8道次后，晶粒尺寸基本不再细化。为了探究电场作用下LZ91镁锂合金的超塑变形行为，设计并制造了电场辅助超塑单向拉伸实验平台，提出了一种“递减式”恒压通电方案，开展了不同电压、初始应变速率和晶粒尺寸下的电场辅助单向拉伸实验。实验结果表明，随着电压的增大，电流的焦耳热效应增大，LZ91镁锂合金的真应力-真应变曲线逐渐呈现出稳态流变特征。所有电压下原始镁锂合金的伸长率差异不明显，最大差异仅为16%。相比于低电压时，在高电压下初始应变速率对LZ91镁锂合金超塑变形行为的影响更加显著。电场对细晶LZ91镁锂合金超塑变形行为影响较大，主要体现在降低超塑变形温度和提高伸长率。在获得电场作用下LZ91镁锂合金超塑性能的基础上，通过DEFORM-3D仿真软件对LZ91镁锂合金微型热管挤压成形工艺进行了设计与仿真，长度为5 mm的坯料仿真得到的微型热管长度为40 mm,微沟槽深度为0.25 mm,等效应变分布均匀，为微型热管电场辅助成形工艺提供了有益探索。     

含微量Zr的Al-6%Mg合金再结晶行为及其超塑性

研究了含微量元素Zr的Al-6%Mg合金大的冷变形后的板材和旋压管材在不同条件下退火时的再结晶行为及其后续的超塑性变形行为。制备了Al-6%Mg和Al-6%Mg-Zr试验合金,合金1、2经过73%的冷变形后获得2mm厚板材;合金3采用Al-6%Mg-Zr合金锭坯,经50%旋压变形后获得2.4mm厚旋压管材。观察对比了3种合金试样经250～525℃退火1h后的显微组织。然后分别在480℃、500℃和520℃,以1×10-4～1.6×10-3s-1的应变速率进行拉伸试验。结果表明:Zr在合金中形成的Al3Zr化合物能明显细化Al-6%Mg合金的铸态组织,抑制合金退火过程中再结晶晶粒的长大,合金再结晶后的晶粒尺寸达1.62μm,轴比为1.04。含Zr的Al-Mg合金在520℃时以应变速率8×10-4s-1的速率拉伸,其伸长率可达到600%。Al3Zr质点还可在退火时和超塑拉伸时抑制晶粒长大,使合金获得细小等轴晶粒,这是Al-Mg-Zr合金获得超塑性的主要原因。     

基于m值高效法的TA15合金超塑性变形

对TA15合金在拉伸试验机上进行应变速率敏感因子(m值)高效超塑性变形试验,研究合金的超塑性性能和显微组织。结果表明:在780~950℃变形时,TA15合金呈现出良好的超塑性能;900℃变形时,该合金的超塑性能最好,m值达到0.62,最大伸长率为1287%;随着变形温度的升高,合金的超塑性能降低,950℃时伸长率仅为567%。显微组织分析表明:TA15合金在超塑性变形过程中,晶粒始终保持等轴状;由于变形温度升高,晶粒合并长大,950℃时发生?→?相转变,初生?相体积分数大幅度降低。与最大m值法相比较,m值高效超塑性变形不仅使TA15合金获得了良好超塑性能,变形效率也显著提高。     

保温时间对置氢钛合金超塑变形组织的影响

文章通过高温拉伸实验和扫描电镜观察,研究了保温时间对置氢TC4合金超塑流动特性及其组织的影响,结合高温组织和钛氢相图分析了影响机制。研究表明,合适的氢含量及合理的保温时间可以使组织发生动态再结晶并得以细化,有利于提高TC4合金的超塑性。置氢TC4合金的超塑变形的最佳工艺参数为,超塑变形的温度为840℃,保温时间为25min,应变速率为10-3s-1,氢含量为0.3%。     

AZ91镁合金模拟累积叠轧过程中组织演化行为

采用Gleeble-3500热/力动态模拟试验机研究了AZ91镁合金在变形温度为250～400℃、应变速率为10-3～1 s-1条件下的热压缩变形行为。并在此基础上,采用Gleeble-3500模拟累积叠轧焊轧制方法,对其在累积叠轧焊(ARB)过程中的组织演变和晶粒细化的机制进行了研究。结果表明:AZ91镁合金在热压缩变形过程中,适宜的变形工艺为变形温度350～400℃、应变速率10-3～10-2 s-1。AZ91镁合金在变形温度350℃、应变速率0.01 s-1和变形量80%为工艺条件的累积叠轧焊过程中,晶粒在第一次轧制过程中明显细化,其机制发生了动态再结晶,在随后的叠轧过程中,晶粒细化程度有限,但组织均匀程度增加。     

工业硬铝LY12合金超塑性的研究

本文研究了工业硬铝LYl2合金的超塑预处理工艺,观察了其组织的变化,经处理后的合金可获得尺寸为10～5微米的细晶组织。系统测量了该合金在不同温度、不同应变速率条件下的延伸率及应变速率敏感性指数m。在温度为485℃、起始应变速率ε_0为4.17×10~(-4)秒~(-1)的最佳超塑变形条件下,LY12合金可获得最大延伸率为480%、m 值为0.65、而流动应力则小于0.35公斤/毫米~2(3.43兆帕)。本文还研究了LY12合金的超塑变形机制,从不同变形机制对总变形量贡献的检验结果表明,其超塑变形的主要变形机制为晶界滑移。文中简要讨论了LY12超塑性提高的原因。     

铸态AZ31镁合金的超塑性性能及流变应力

通过连铸AZ31镁合金的单向拉伸实验,研究了该合金的超塑性变形性能及不同拉伸变形条件下的流变应力。结果表明,在温度为300℃~450℃,应变速率.ε为4.25×10-4s-1的情况下,连铸ZA31镁合金表现出超塑性。在温度为400℃,应变速率.ε为4.25×10-4s-1时,延伸率增加了200%,具有较好的超塑性性能。用光学显微镜观察变形前后拉伸试样的微观组织发现:试样的初始晶粒尺寸约为15μm,在变形之后颈缩区域的晶粒长大现象不是很明显,晶粒沿着变形方向有所伸长,但晶粒形状基本保持为等轴状。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.