肺癌病人痰中免疫球蛋白SIgA含量的初步观察

痰分泌物中的免疫球蛋白成份主要是分泌型免疫球蛋白SIgA。已经证明SIgA对多种细菌、病毒、毒素以及某些大分子食物蛋白具有抗体活性,对于保护粘膜组织免受微生物的侵害,阻止或减少机体对抗原、毒素、过敏原及某些致癌因子的吸收起十分重要作用。虽然已经知道SIgA是由粘膜的上皮和存在于粘膜固有层的游走性浆细胞合成与分泌的,但     

3Gy全身辐射对小鼠小肠粘膜上皮内淋巴细胞数量和功能的影响

采用昆明种小鼠3Gy全身照射为模型,分离培养照后8h～15d共6个时相点全小肠粘膜上皮内淋巴细胞,并对其数量、细胞增殖活力、细胞毒力、TNF-α和TGF-β分泌水平进行检测。结果表明小肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量显著下降,增殖活力和细胞毒力明显受抑,表现为照后8h下降,72h达低值。上皮内淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α和TGF-β显著增多,表现为照后8h增高,72h达峰值。小肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少和功能降低成为全身放射损伤时造成肠粘膜免疫屏障功能受损的一个重要原因。     

小肠RNA 对受60Coγ射线照射后小鼠肠粘膜屏障的保护作用

以BALB／c小鼠为研究对象,用^60Coγ射线进行11．5Gy的腹部一次照射,照后1—3h采用局部肠腔扩张注入法给小鼠空肠肠腔内注入正常大鼠小肠核糖核酸（Ribonucleic acid,RNA）,照后1、3、5d取全小肠,制备肠粘液,测定免疫球蛋白分泌型免疫球蛋白A（Secreted immunoglobulinA,sIgA）含量;取空肠段,观察肠绒毛形态变化;取血,测定内毒素含量;取肠系膜淋巴结,测定细菌移位率。探讨小肠RNA对γ射线照射后小鼠肠粘膜屏障的保护作用。结果表明,小肠RNA可明显提高受照后小鼠肠粘液中免疫球蛋白sIgA的含量（p〈0．01）,减轻肠绒毛的萎缩及塌陷,改善肠粘膜形态结构,降低肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位率和血中内毒素含量。以上结果显示,小肠RNA对γ线照射后的小鼠肠粘膜屏障有明显的保护作用,能抑制肠道细菌移位和肠内内毒素的吸收。     

rIL—1和rIL—2对浓缩铀UO2F2的防护作用

本文介绍用3H-TdR 掺入示踪技术,探讨了外源性白细胞介素-1(rIL-1)和外源性白细胞介素-2(rIL-2)对浓缩铀 UO_2F_2损伤小鼠脾脏 B 淋巴细胞的防护作用。经 BALB/c 小白鼠尾静脉注入20mg/kg 体重的浓缩铀 UO_2F_2 48 h 后,无菌取脾,制成单细胞悬液加入细菌脂多糖(LPS)、rIL-1或 rIL-2常规培养,以淋巴细胞 DNA 中~3H-TdR 掺入量的变化来衡量 B 淋巴细胞的增殖能力。结果表明,浓缩铀 UO_2F_2能明显抑制小鼠脾脏 B 淋巴细胞 DNA 的合成,使 B 淋巴细胞增殖受到明显抑制;rIL-1和 rIL-2可使受浓缩铀 UO_2F_2损伤的小鼠脾脏 B 淋巴细胞的增殖抑制部分逆转,最大增殖率分别为67%和51%;二者合并使用时可使增殖率增至83%。     

小剂量照射后小鼠脾巨噬细胞对脾淋巴细胞功能的…

采用昆明小鼠，小剂量Ｘ射线全身照射５０ｍＧｙ￣２５０ｍＧｙ，剂量率为１２．５ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ。停照后不同时间处死动物，取出脾脏，用贴壁法分离脾巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）和淋巴细胞，检测受照后脾ＭΦ与受照的脾淋巴细胞功能变化的关系。结果表明，小剂量辐射可使脾ＭΦ功能增强，主要表现在７５ｍＧｙＸ射线全身照射后，脾ＭΦ对脾淋巴细胞ＣｏｎＡ（刀豆蛋白Ａ）反应增强，ＩＬ－１（白细胞介素１）分泌增多。受照的脾ＭΦ只对受照     

小剂量照射后小鼠脾巨噬细胞对脾淋巴细胞功能的影响

采用昆明小鼠，小剂量Ｘ射线全身照射５０ｍＧｙ～２５０ｍＧｙ，剂量率为１２．５ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ。停照后不同时间处死动物，取出脾脏。用贴壁法分离脾巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）和淋巴细胞，检测受照后脾Ｍφ与受照的脾淋巴细胞功能变化的关系。结果表明，小剂量辐射可使脾Ｍφ功能增强，主要表现在７５ｍＧｙＸ射线全身照射后，脾Ｍφ对脾淋巴细胞ＣｏｎＡ（刀豆蛋白Ａ）反应增强，ＩＬ－１（白细胞介素１）分泌增多，受照的脾Ｍφ只对受照的脾淋巴细胞增强其ＣｏｎＡ反应，而对未受照的脾淋巴细胞无显著影响；未受照的脾Ｍφ也不能增强受照的脾淋巴细胞功能     

缺氧诱导因子与肠道辐射损伤的研究进展

腹部、盆腔的晚期肿瘤患者在接受肿瘤放射治疗时,射线对肠道正常组织也会造成明显的损伤。研究发现,上调体内缺氧诱导因子(Hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)水平能起到防护肠道组织辐射损伤的作用。通过脯氨酸羟化酶抑制剂等上调体内HIF水平,减轻肠道上皮细胞、肠道隐窝干细胞损伤程度,维持肠道屏障完整性;上调血管内皮生长因子表达水平,保护肠道微血管内皮;调控NF-?B、炎症因子分泌以及树突状细胞的免疫功能,减缓肠道辐射损伤的炎症反应。本文还对HIF与肿瘤的关系进行了讨论。     

褪黑素对电离辐射所致C57BL/6J小鼠免疫功能损伤的防护作用

探讨了褪黑素(Melatonin,MLT)对电离辐射诱导小鼠免疫功能损伤的影响及其机制.采用C57BL/6J小鼠,腹腔注射MLT后60min给予2Gy X射线全身照射,观察照射后24h其胸腺、脾淋巴细胞数量及胸腺细胞3H-TdR掺入率和Con A、LPS诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞转化率的变化.结果表明,2Gy X射线全身照射后24h,小鼠胸腺、脾淋巴细胞数量、胸腺细胞3H-TdR掺入率及有丝分裂原诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞转化率均显著低于假照组(p＜0.001).以MLT 0.5-10mg@kg-1体重预先腹腔注射,受照射小鼠免疫功能发生如下变化:胸腺、脾淋巴细胞数显著高于0mg组(单纯照射).其中,0.5mg组增高最显著;胸腺细胞3H-TdR掺入率显著增高(p＜0.01或p＜0.001),以0.5mg组增高最显著;ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞转化率显著增高,也以0.5mg组为最显著;细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导的B淋巴细胞转化率增高,以10mg组最显著.此外,2.5mg组MLT可增强无丝裂原诱导的脾淋巴细胞转化率.MLT可减轻电离辐射诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞损伤,对免疫功能具有保护作用.     

高能电子线辐射损伤对TGF-β1表达及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的影响

探讨了高能电子线辐射伤后Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的改变情况及TGF-β1对其的调控作用。采用电子直线加速器照射制作动物的辐射损伤模型，对NIH3T3细胞进行照射，观察胶原总量及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量的改变；测定损伤后细胞因子TGF-β1表达的变化情况。结果显示，损伤后胶原总量变化不大，而Ⅰ型胶原含量下降，Ⅲ型胶原含量上升；损伤后TGF-β1表达量增加。结果提示，放射性皮肤损伤引起了胶原代谢的变化，损伤后胶原代谢的调控机制中，TGF-β1可能起重要作用。     

~(60)Coγ射线体外照射对大鼠脾淋巴细胞在体内原发移行和归巢的影响

本文介绍用~(51)Cr 标记淋巴细胞方法,观察了不同剂量~(60)Coγ射线体外照射对大鼠脾淋巴细胞在体内原发移行和归巢的影响。观察结果表明,在注射淋巴细胞悬液后2小时,受照淋巴细胞异常地滞留在肝脏和肺,而归巢到肠系膜淋巴结和肠相关淋巴组织的数量显著减少;辐射对淋巴细胞在体内移行和归巢的影响,除直接与细胞质膜系统损伤有关外,还可能与微丝/微管系统的损伤有关。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.